Roman Mars Describes Athens GA As It Is

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Live up to it.

This is 99% Invisible.

I'm Roman Mars.

In Athens, Georgia.

This is the third and final episode in a three-part series of me recording on location guides to the design features and interesting spots in the cities I love.

These bonus episodes are made possible by the new 2024 Lexus GX, who heard this idea and gave the thumbs up and then shipped a Lexus there and shot video of me careening down rural highways.

I'm here again with my wife Joy, who has been generous enough to accompany me to these cities so I have someone to tell stories to instead of me talking into a large fuzzy microphone by myself like a weirdo.

Hi there.

You're not a weirdo.

Well, yeah, you are.

So as you know, but other folks may not, I lived in Athens, Georgia for a few years in the mid-90s.

I moved here to pursue a PhD in plant genetics, but I dropped out and then I just hung out here for a bit, you know, seeing bands, starting a film festival, all things that are very Athens in the 90s things to do.

The key part of that story story is that I did not graduate from UGA and mostly that doesn't have a huge effect on my life because today I do things that are totally different than my field of study.

But right here at this arch where the town of Athens transitions to the university, the fact that I didn't get my degree matters a lot.

This pretty modest three column black metal gateway arch, which serves as the symbol of the university, was erected in 1857 and and it stands at the top of a couple of stone stairs that marks the entrance to the campus.

Long, long ago, it was connected to a fence, but now it just stands alone.

So people can walk up the stairs and through it, or they can walk up the stairs and kind of around it.

But according to tradition, I can only walk around it.

Can you guess why?

Because you didn't graduate from the University of Georgia?

Because I did not graduate from the University of Georgia.

Now, not everyone follows this tradition.

and on the way here I didn't even know if I was going to like walk around it or through it but I decided that I would walk around it.

I'm not sure why.

That's the power of tradition.

Legend has it that a freshman by the name of Daniel Redfern in 1905 vowed to never cross under the arch because he believed that until he graduated from the university he did not possess the three virtues for which it stands.

That's wisdom, justice, and moderation.

And this morphed into this widespread superstition and it is now believed that passing under the arch before you get your diploma will bring you bad luck or the possibility of never graduating or maybe both.

Are you sure you didn't walk under the arch?

I probably did.

It's probably all the arch's fault.

But you can see here, this is what I love about this.

You can see right here a lot of people chose to walk around the arch.

Like the right side of the stone step around the arch is totally worn down.

It is a little dip of erosion for where all the people are walking around it and not through it.

If you think about it, the people crossing here are most likely not graduates.

Like when you graduate, you leave soon after.

So pretty much the only people who actually pass through here are people who have not yet earned their degree.

So it makes sense that many, many people walk around it and that causes that erosion.

So like I mentioned before, the gateway arch used to be connected to a fence.

So it was like a real gate.

Safety-wise, it doesn't really matter that this entrance can't be closed now, but it could matter for a different reason, and that reason is adverse possession.

Adverse possession is an ancient legal principle that still exists today, under which a person who does not have legal title to a piece of land may acquire legal ownership based on continuous possession or occupation of the property without the permission of the legal owner.

Basically, if the owner doesn't kick someone off the property, then the squatter can legally become the new owner after a certain amount of time.

There are lots of conditions and requirements, but the existence of adverse possession is the the reason you see little plaques on sidewalks that grant permission for people to pass over it, even though it is private property, and explicitly states that it will still remain private property of the original owner, no matter if people pass over it or not.

So gates also function like this, but really only if you can close them and deny someone continuous possession.

But the reason why I bring this up at this gate that does not close is because of where you went to grad school.

Where did you go to grad school?

They went to Columbia.

For people who don't know, where is Columbia University?

It's in New York City, in the borough of Manhattan.

Right.

So Columbia is an open campus.

The public can cross the grounds if they want to.

We toured there with some of the kids on like the hottest day of the year.

They thought they were going to die.

But once a year on a Sunday morning, Columbia locks those gates.

And it's not because they are doing maintenance or anything.

It's just to demonstrate that this land is ours, and you, the public, can't make a claim to it.

Because the public is kept out once a year for one morning, no one can eventually own it by possession.

Now, again, I don't think there's any way to close this gate, but I am sure around campus or in whatever town or city you're in, you will find markers guarding against adverse possession, either by legal notification or a physical barrier.

Now, I am choosing to not walk through the arch, but as a member of the public, I think it is important to roam on land that is open to the public because adverse possession can work the other way too.

Like if the public stops accessing public land, some jerk can fence it off and take it away from us.

This is something I always say to the kids: if we don't use rights, we lose rights.

Speaking of the inalienable rights of humans and the unconscionably evil act of taking those rights away, let's take a look at the plaque back there beyond the arch.

This is the most prominent plaque on campus.

It's right here at the entrance and it recounts the founding of the university.

It reads in part,

Endowed with 40,000 acres of land in 1784 and chartered in 1785, the charter was the first granted by a state for a government-controlled university.

After Louisville and then Greensboro were first selected, the current site was chosen.

The first president and author of the school's charter, Abraham Baldwin, resigned when the doors opened and was succeeded by yada yada yada more names.

Okay, here is the key part.

Quote,

During the war for southern independence, most of the students entered the Confederate Army.

The university closed its doors in 1864 and did not open again until January 1866.

After the war, many of the Confederate veterans became students.

Yada, yada, it goes on naming famous professors and chancellors from there.

In the bottom corner, you see that it was erected in 1991.

So you were born and raised in California.

Have you ever heard the phrase, the war for southern independence?

No, I haven't.

Yeah.

The quote-unquote war for southern independence is pathetic white supremacy language steeped in racist, revisionist, lost cause ideology.

There is no excuse for it.

A few years ago, the Athens Cultural Affairs Commission recommended that additional text be added to this marker, and they had a bunch of other recommendations for public art that told the full history of slavery and white supremacy here, so more people can be welcome in this space.

But I'm not sure what has been done.

This plaque is still here, however, and it is bad.

And you know, I'm all about always read the plaque.

But when this thing isn't being outright racist, it's just a boring list of names.

Like an extremely dull Klansman wrote it.

Literally anything would be better.

And I say this because this is a beautiful place.

I loved going to school here.

I loved living here.

Everyone here deserves better.

So walking around that arch, that's a tradition that I can get behind.

Mollycoddling the people who want to keep lost cause rhetoric alive, that is a southern tradition that absolutely needs to go.

Especially because, you know, a university and a university town are all about learning and growth.

There is so much potential for excellent, smart, interesting, historically accurate, nuanced, challenging, comforting, inclusive messages that could be embedded all over the landscape here.

This is a place that has done great things and they should be highlighted.

I think this place is worth it, and I think it's worth the hard work to make it better.

So always read the plaque, but you know with caveats.

Okay so we're gonna walk a few blocks that way to another historical marker which tells a great story.

Up a cobblestone street and kind of protruding out into the intersection of Finley and Deering is the tree that owns itself.

It is a white oak that, according to legend, has legal ownership of itself and the eight feet around it.

The story is that a man named William Jackson, who was maybe a professor at the university, maybe a doctor, maybe a colonel, maybe all three of those things, had lovely childhood memories of this tree and desiring to protect it for all time, deeded the tree the ownership of itself and its surrounding land.

This happened sometime in the 1820s.

There is no real legal basis for the tree owning itself, but for nearly 200 years, the stated position of the Athens-Clark County Unified Government is that this tree, in spite of the law, does indeed own itself.

It is the policy of the city of Athens to maintain it as a public street tree.

It has gone through some rough times.

It needed some help in 1906.

And George Foster Peabody of the namesake of the Peabody Awards, which are are given out by UGA, paid to have new soil and these little concrete bollards and a chain barricade around it.

He also paid for the plaque.

The old one is around the corner, is very worn, but the new one has a more legible inscription, and it reads,

For and in consideration of the great love I bear this tree and the great desire I have for its protection for all time, I convey entire possession of itself and all land within eight feet of the tree on all sides.

William H.

Jackson.

There's also a brass plaque that reveals that this is not actually the original tree.

That tree fell down in 1946 and it was replaced, so some people call this the son of the tree that owns itself.

I love the spirit of this.

This is a tradition with no real world grounding at all.

Like there is no way that this tree actually legally owns itself, but people treat it as real because this story and this idea represents the best of our values and everyone can see it and they can see it etched into stone.

So let's head to a park I'm excited to check out because it was not here when I lived here and it sounds so cool.

So we just got biscuits and sausage gravy from Mama's Boy and walked to the river behind it and to this amazing park.

This is a lovely example of the rails to trails movement that gained traction in the early 2000s as people saw more and more opportunities to convert disused railway routes into urban trail systems.

In New York City, a series of old elevated rail lines on the west side were slated for demolition until citizens got really serious about saving it.

And ultimately, those raised routes became the now super popular High Line park trails which we have been to and took the kids there too.

Yeah it was beautiful.

Also in the early 2000s an old elevated rail line trestle was going to be turned down right here where this park is but it was saved because of the trestle's cultural significance.

And that cultural significance is that in the spring of 1983 one of the greatest bands to ever exist, REM, released its debut album, Murmur.

And the track list on its reverse side was overlaid on a photo of an old local wood railway trestle that stood right here.

Over the decades, the bridge has been this destination for fans of the band.

When I lived here, people climbed on the trestle.

They nearly killed themselves, and the locals were committed to it being preserved in some way.

Coincidentally, The same year Murmur debuted in 1983, something else happened that led to this park being here and to the trestle's preservation.

Congress amended the National Trail System Act and in doing so they made rails to trails conversions easier to implement.

So there was cultural significance thanks to REM.

Thanks to the National Trail System Act there was a pathway to turn this into a park trail but there was still the issue of what to do with the old wooden trestle itself that went over the river.

So park planners wanted to use the bridge as part of the trail, but the old abandoned structure that's depicted on the album was deemed too unsafe.

So there was a thought to keep it as is and the trail would just go alongside it using a series of switchbacks to just bypass the bridge entirely.

But the solution was seen as defeating the great goal of creating a continuous, safe, flat trail open to people of all ages that crosses over the river.

So there was talk of replacing the old structure plank by plank, like a ship of Theseus type of thing, but that was deemed a little too unrealistic.

Ultimately, it became clear that the original framework had to come down and be replaced by something new.

Most of the structural elements had been just rotted beyond repair.

In its place is what you see in front of you.

This replacement bridge mimics the overall aesthetic of the wood-framed murmur bridge, but also features new robust engineering elements like a set of arched steel supports.

Another nice new addition are the overlook platforms up there that are midway across Trail Creek that are really lovely.

Construction of this new pedestrian trail was finished about a year ago, and it carries forward a lot of the look and vibe of the vintage Murmur Bridge.

It is a really worthy tribute to the past, but it's infused with new life and new function.

It's this perfect mix of nostalgia and real progress, like making this community better and more welcoming for all citizens.

At the official opening of the Firefly Bridge in April of 2023, REM's murmur played in the background, which is a really nice accompaniment to any civic ceremony.

Projects like this, you know, can be this huge boon to the public.

Railway pathways, you know, especially, you know, these are really rare direct routes to and through the hearts of cities.

Like these paths cut across city grids in ways that would be effectively impossible to carve out from the filled in fabric of modern urban environments.

So they're really special and worth the effort of converting them for modern use.

This Firefox Trail, which, you know, this is a small part of this 39-mile proposed path, joins like a host of really impressive rails to trails projects across the U.S., including the 606 Trail in Chicago and the Midtown Greenway in Minneapolis.

These have already been extensively built out, as well as the Los Angeles River Greenway and other urban projects that are still in the works.

Kurt and I talk about this a lot in our book, The 99% Invisible City, which I'm sure you've read cover to cover many times.

You do.

Of course, I did.

And I listened to it.

I think it's safe to say that the aesthetics of the Firefly Bridge would be totally different if it weren't for REM making the trestle famous.

And I think that's glorious.

It's really, really nice.

So we're going to stick with the album, Murmur, because it's one of the greatest albums of all time.

So if you flip over the LP to the front, you will see a picture of an outdoor landscape covered in a vine called kudzu.

Have you ever heard of kudzu?

I haven't.

That sounds, that's a cool word.

Yeah, kudzu is an ornamental vine from Japan.

It's everywhere in the South, and that was by design.

In the 1930s, when the Dust Bowl was raging, the U.S.

government was rightfully, deeply concerned about soil erosion.

So they cultivated kudzu seedlings and paid people to plant it.

So they paid both the landowners to plant it on their land and teams of young men to do the job, including my grandfather who grew up in Atlanta.

That was one of his summer jobs.

So kudzu was planted everywhere and in the right conditions, it is a very, very aggressive invader.

On the cover of the Murmur album, you can see what it does.

It just overwhelms everything in its path.

It grows over abandoned structures like cars and abandoned buildings.

It climbs trees and signs.

I remember it being called the vine that ate the south.

I lived in fear of it growing up.

It was like quicksand.

You remember being afraid of quicksand?

I thought it was possible that kudzu would consume the entire United States.

It turns out it's maybe not as bad as all that.

And I only read this recently in an article in the Smithsonian from 2015.

Kudzu needs a lot of sun.

It can be kept in check by grazing.

Also, one of the beetles that eats it in Japan finally made its way over and it's also eating it here.

But still, all along roadsides and in abandoned places, it really thrives.

So it's at its worst where humans can see it.

But, you know, forests are not as overrun as you could imagine while you're, you know, seeing it, you know, speeding down rural highways.

It's still a big symbol of the South.

I was on the founding committee of the first Athens Film Festival in the 1990s, and the kudzu was the name of the award for the best film.

It's all over southern gothic stories.

It's a very creepy, creeping vine, but I was happy to learn it's not quite as bad as I was raised to believe.

But it's better than the doomsday scenario that plagued my brain as a kid.

So, the last story I want to tell you is a very 99 PI thing that happened to us when we were driving to the Lexus photo shoot.

And I'll tell you that story after this.

This special episode of 99% Invisible is brought to you by the 2024 Lexus GX and Sirius XM.

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You know, I don't know how much things weigh.

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We're going to have to save that conversation for a rainy day because it gets into gross combined vehicle trailer weight rating

tongue weight etc but I would think of you know a medium-sized boat would fit right in line there and anyone that is towing should know that they should read their owner's manual and understand how much their trailer weighs and what the combined weight is of the trailer and

their vehicle so but tons of information on Lexus.com slash GX if you want to inquire more about the different towing capacities by grade and all those differences between the different models.

Cool.

Thank you.

We checked with Lexus and they said the towing capacity was over 9,000 pounds on some models.

So like our friend Eric said, check your owner's manual.

With the all-new Lexus GX, you can get the whole crew together, be very comfortable, get out there, and take on the world.

Now, I love music and I love news and I love talk radio, but to me, there's something really special about sports on the radio.

And when you're in the deep south, that means you're listening to and you're talking about SEC college football.

And it just so happens that SiriusXM has a channel for that and the perfect person to be your guide to the SEC.

Aaron Murray.

I currently work as a host for SiriusXM, the SEC channel, ESPN as a commentator for collegiate football, and then president of the Players Lounge.

So just a few things that take up my time and a father of two as well.

Tell me about your career at UGA.

I got here in 2009, 2009, and red shirted my first year, so I didn't play my first year, played the next four years, 2010, 2013, and was pretty successful.

Set numerous SEC records, so the Southeastern Conference, which still stands today, touchdowns, yards.

Someone just broke my completion percentage record, but the other two stand, which are the ones I I really want, especially the touchdown.

So it was a really good career.

I had a great time, played in some really big games, played in a couple SEC championship games that we were close to, unfortunately, winning.

One came down to the final play of the game, sadly.

But it was a lot of fun, a lot of great memories, and like I said, a lot of great success, which allowed me to then live out my dream of getting a few years in the NFL.

For people who don't know, okay, so there's college football and then there's SEC college football.

Tell me about the distinction there.

It's different.

I always tell people in the state of Georgia, when it comes to like the hierarchy of just teams in general, obviously you got the Falcons, you got the Braves, you have the Hawks, you got Georgia football, or kind of like the big four.

If you had to rank them, it's Georgia football one,

a significant drop.

Probably the Braves.

Falcons, maybe even like United.

Like United's awesome, like soccer has gotten really popular in Georgia and especially in Atlanta.

But like there's a big drop from Georgia football, which is not a professional sport, to everything else.

And that's just the South.

I mean, you have Alabama where there's no professional teams.

So people love and are, you know, don't even talk to their family members when it's Auburn, Alabama week, for goodness sakes.

It's different.

And that was one of the things that were eye-opening to me because I thought, like, okay, I'm just going to go play football.

I didn't realize that my performance on a given Saturday affected so many people the way it did.

I mean, there was a time where like we had one loss my junior season to South Carolina.

I got home and my house on campus was egged and teepeed.

I was getting hate mail and hate messages like on social media and the message boards and all that.

And like, I just thought I was coming to play football.

I didn't realize like it's, it's, I'm like, I don't want to use the word religion, but it's pretty darn close to that here in the South, especially college football.

And at times it's great because you're worshiped and you're loved and you get.

free drinks and food and pats on the back.

But then when things aren't going well, like you don't even want to walk around campus, especially the quarterback position, because you are praised for wins and you are blamed most of the time for the losses.

So, now you do commentary for the SEC channel on SiriusXM.

Tell me about what the channel is and tell me about what your job is there.

The SEC has been the most dominant conference in college football for two decades now.

They've had the most championships, they've had the most first-rounders, they've had the most Heismans,

everything, all the awards.

So, it's the best conference in America, and we have to focus solely on that for me for three hours a day, which is pretty easy, pretty fun.

And

I think it's going to be only more and more, obviously, as this conference continues to grow.

So how did you go from being a player to being a commentator?

I never thought I'd get into media when I was done, but it kind of just fell into my lap my first year at the NFL to jump into commentary.

And I kept being told like, hey, if you're going to do games or do studio work, the best way to improve is to do radio because radio is more difficult.

You don't have a game to help you.

You don't have graphics to help you.

Like you have to fill air for two, three hours.

I think there is a level of credibility when I jump on a broadcast or jump on my serious show and my commentator is like, oh, it's, we're here in Athens, Georgia for Georgia versus so-and-so.

And I'm here with the SEC's all-time leading quarterback in touchdowns.

Like it does add a level of credibility for when people listen to a gamer show.

Are you live on the air or do you record a little ahead of time?

Oh, we're live.

So I just plug on in and sit at my desk and pray my dogs don't bark too much.

Or

my son gets home from school like at 5.30 and he loves to just run into my office.

Dad, dad, dad.

I'm like, I'm on radio.

Shh, be quiet.

He'll jump on the headset sometimes and say hello, go dogs, and then he'll go off to his little play area downstairs and have some fun.

You can hear Aaron Murray on the SEC channel, which is just one of a bunch of riveting sports radio channels included with your free three-month subscription to SiriusXM with the purchase of a new Lexus GX.

To learn more about the GX, visit Lexus.com slash GX.

The all-new Lexus GX.

Live up to it.

So on our way to the Lexus photo shoot, a very 99 PI thing happened.

North Georgia was built around trains.

The original name of Atlanta was Terminus because it was at the end of both the Atlantic and Western rail lines.

As such, someone proposed the name Atlantica Pacifica to replace the name Terminus, I presume because it sounded prettier, and that was quickly shortened to Atlanta.

Now, I live next to the train line in Normaltown, and we passed my old neighborhood on the way to do the interview with Aaron and take pictures of the Lexus GX.

But we were stopped along the way because a tall truck tried to get under a low train overpass and the top of it got sheared off, which reminded me of one of my favorite stories from the 99% Invisible City about the Can Opener Bridge.

Nicknamed the Can Opener Bridge, there is a rail overpass in Durham, North Carolina that has become famous for scraping the tops off of trucks that dare pass beneath its tracks.

The Norfolk Southern Gregson Street Overpass was designed to allow safe passage for vehicles up to around 12 feet tall, which probably seemed like more than enough overhead when it was constructed in 1940.

Over the years, though, trucks got taller, and more and more trucks hit the bridge.

Despite the implementation of a series of bright signs, flashing lights and other warnings that the driver's too tall vehicle is about to be loudly decapitated, these collisions just kept happening.

A local resident named Jürgen Hen was working in a nearby building when he began to notice the high frequency of incidents involving the bridge.

It's pretty crazy sometimes.

I'll sit there at my desk working peacefully and all of a sudden there's this massive crash out there and almost fall out of my chair.

In 2008, he installed a video camera to document the collisions.

Since then, he has captured and posted over 100 videos.

These short films capture a delightful spectrum of mayhem, at least for those inclined towards infrastructural Schadenfreude.

Especially tall trucks are stopped entirely by the bridge and bounce back like a person hitting their head on a kitchen cabinet.

Shorter vehicles slide under with just a painful screeching sound.

And in some cases where the vehicle's height is just right, or rather just wrong, the entire tops of the vehicles are peeled back like a sardine can, hence the name, the can opener bridge.

After watching dozens and dozens of these incidents, one starts to wonder how such an obvious problem can go unfixed for so long.

The railroad, the city, and the state have all taken actions to reduce incidents involving the bridge over the years, but with limited success.

The railroad installed a crash beam to keep trucks from hitting the bridge itself, and this protected the infrastructure and any freight and passengers that might be traveling overhead, but it didn't do a lot for the trucks down below.

Understandably, the rail company's concern is not with the trucks on the road, but the trains on the rails.

For its part, the city of Durham installed a supplemental array of warning mechanisms, introducing three low clearance signs posted at each of three intersections in advance of the bridge.

A pair of smaller roadside signs with with a stated height limit of 11 feet 8 inches were also put up, which shaped a few inches off the actual limit to introduce, you know, another safety buffer.

At one point, the state of North Carolina also installed an overheight while flashing sign with blinking orange lights directly in front of the bridge.

Trucks, however, continued to crash into the beam, so the sign was removed in 2016 and replaced with a higher-tech overheight must turn variant coupled with an LED display, all linked with sensors to detect approaching oversized vehicles.

The system was integrated with a new traffic light so that when the sensors were tripped, the stoplight would turn red.

The idea was to give the truck drivers more time to notice the warning sign before plowing ahead.

Despite this more sophisticated intervention, however, the bridge continued to claim and maim trucks.

Since no amount of warnings seemed sufficient, other solutions were considered over the years, like raising the bridge, lowering the street, or redirecting truck traffic entirely.

The railroad long argued that raising the bridge would require significant regrading on both sides, potentially costing millions of dollars.

Lowering the street was also deemed impractical because a sewer main runs directly below it.

Installing a low clearance bar in advance of the bridge or otherwise redirecting overheight traffic away from the area entirely would be challenging too.

Delivery trucks need to be able to drive right up to the bridge, then turn in order to access a set of restaurants nearby.

Rerouting them just isn't feasible.

Finally, after years of delays and buck passing, in October of 2019, a work crew converged on the site to do the improbable and raise the bridge.

What was once the 11-foot 8 bridge is now more or less a 12-foot-4 bridge, according to the new road flanking height limit signs, though according to Yurk and Henn's measurements, the actual clearance is around 12 feet 8 inches.

For the not-so-low cost of half a million dollars, the North Carolina Railroad Company jacked up their tracks as much as they could without impacting nearby crossings on either side of the can opener.

Of course, this height still won't accommodate every truck.

The state allows vehicles up to 13 feet 6 inches.

Sure enough, a metal chunk was clipped off the top of a truck in a video posted by Henn just a few weeks after this fix was enabled.

For decades, the canopener bridge has represented a perfect storm of financial limitations, physical challenges, and political bureaucracy, all conspiring against a complete and permanent design solution.

Even now that the bridge has been raised, it may still prove to be a flawed piece of infrastructure and a persistent nuisance.

All cities have things like this, ill-fitting byproducts of conflicting priorities that trip up citizens or scrape their vehicles.

But few are as large, troublesome, or as widely shared on the internet as the Canopener Bridge.

I was shocked to be out in the world to see a similar story play out when we were being driven around Athens, but the driver who was taking us around said, oh yeah, he sees it all the time.

So we're back to the arch in downtown Athens, and the last thing we have to do is we have to walk about a block that way to Walkstreet Records, and we have to tell the clerk some of the stuff we like, and then we just have to buy whatever record they pick out for us because they know what they're doing.

Great, let's do it.

Awesome.

Okay, that's it from Athens, Georgia.

Over now.

Thanks for joining us for this special Athens, Georgia edition of 99% Invisible, brought to you by the Lexus GX and Sirius XM.

Thanks to Eric Kavanaugh, Aaron Murray, and Joy Uson for being my special guests.

The new Lexus GX showcases how aesthetic appeal complements utility, proving luxury and capability can coexist.

And when you throw Sirius XM on there, you have everything you need to be out in the furthest reaches while still being connected to a passionate community of sports fans music-loving djs world-class talkers comedians and thinkers to learn more about the gx and sirius xm and lexus vehicles visit lexus.com slash gx

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I also encourage you to go to this episode's page on 99pi.org where you can look at me posing with a very fancy car and you can watch me driving down the highway with it and you can stream your first three months free of xm where you can listen on the sirius xm app online or on other compatible devices you'll get more than 425 channels including ad-free music sports comedy news and more you can listen anywhere on the all-new sirius xm app go to 99pi.org to subscribe to serious xm

99% of Visible was reported this week by me, Roman Mars, and Kurt Colstead and edited by me, Roman Mars, with production help from Isabel Angel and Sarah Bake.

Mix and sound design by Dara Hirsch, music by Swan Real.

Kathy Too is our executive producer, Delaney Hall is our senior editor.

The rest of the team includes Chris Barube, Jason DeLeon, Vivian Lay, Osha Madon, Christopher Johnson, Martine Gonzalez, Joe Rosenberg, Gabriella Gladney, Nina Patuk, Kelly Prime, and Jacob Moldonado-Medina.

The 99% Invisible logo was created by Stefan Lawrence.

We are part of the Stitcher and SiriusXM podcast family, now headquartered six blocks north in the Pandora Building in beautiful uptown Oakland, California.

Our headquarters online is 99pi.org.