Episode 110: “Be My Baby” by the Ronettes

A history of folk music and 500 songs

by Andrew Hickey.

Episode 110

Be My Baby by the Ronettes.

Today, we're going to take a look at the record that, more than anything, ensured Phil Spectre's place in popular music history.

A record that changed the lives of several people who heard it for the better, and changed the life of its singer for the worse, and one which has the most imitated drum intro in the world.

We're going to look at Be My Baby by the Runnettes.

Be my baby now.

Before I start this one, two things need saying.

The first is that this episode, by necessity, deals with spousal abuse.

As always, I will try to discuss the issue with sensitivity, and touch on it as briefly as possible.

But if you worry that it might upset you, please either skip this episode or read the transcript to see if you'll be okay listening to it.

I imagine that very few people will be upset by anything I say here, but it's always a possibility.

And secondly, I'd like to apologise for this episode being so late.

I had a major disruption in my personal life over Christmas, one of those really bad life events that only happens once or twice in most people's lifetimes, and that made it impossible for me to get any work done done at all for the last couple of weeks.

I'm now able to work again, and this should not be anything that affects the podcast for the rest of the year.

Anyway, enough about that.

Let's get on with the story.

The story of the Ronettes begins when Ronnie Bennett, a mixed-race girl from Harlem, became obsessed with the sound of Frankie Lyman and the teenagers.

Ronnie became the teenager's biggest fan, and even managed to arrange a meeting between herself and Lyman when they were both 13, but had her illusions torn away when he turned up drunk and made a pass at her.

But that didn't stop her from trying her best to imitate Lyman's vocals and forming a vocal group with several friends and relatives.

That group had a male lead singer, but when they made their first appearance on one of the Harlem Apollo's talent shows, the lead singer got stage fright and couldn't start singing when he got on stage.

Ronnie stepped forward and took over the lead vocal, and the group went down well enough, even with the Apollo's notoriously hostile audience, that a smaller group of them decided to start performing regularly together.

The group took the name Ronnie and the Relatives, and consisted of Ronnie, her sister Estelle, and their cousin Nedra Talley.

They originally only performed at private parties, bar mitzvahs, and the like, but they soon reached the attention of Stu Phillips at Colpix Records, a label owned by the film studio Columbia Pictures.

The first single by Ronnie and the Relatives was not a success.

I Want a Boy came out in August 1961 and didn't chart.

I want a boy,

I want a boy,

I want a boy,

I are my own.

I'm tired of being

so

all along.

Someone who loves

and nor did their second.

I'm gonna quit while I'm ahead.

I'm gonna quit

while I'm away.

I'm gonna quit

Those records did apparently sell to at least one person though, as when Ronnie met President Clinton in 1997, he asked her to sign a record and specifically got her to sign an album of those early recordings for Coal Picks.

While the girls were not having any commercial success, they did manage to accidentally get themselves a regular gig at the most important nightclub in New York.

They went to the Peppermint Lounge, just as the twist craze was at its height, and as they were underage, they dressed up especially well in order to make themselves look more grown up so they could get in.

Their ruse worked better than they expected.

As they were all dressed the same, the club's manager assumed they were the dancers he'd booked who hadn't shown up.

He came out and told them to get on stage and start dancing, and so of course they did what he said, and started dancing to the twist sounds of Joey Dee and the Starlighters.

The girls' dancing went down well, and then the band started playing What Did I Say?, a favourite song of Ronnie's and one the group did in their own act.

And Ronnie danced over to David Brigati, who was singing lead on the song, and started dancing close to him.

He handed her the mic as a joke, and she took over the song.

They got a regular spot at the Peppermint Lounge, dancing behind the starlighters for their whole show, and joining them on vocals for a few numbers every night.

Inspired by the Bobbettes and the Marvelettes, Ronnie and Estelle's mother suggested changing the group's name.

She suggested the Rondettes, and they dropped the D, becoming the Ronettes.

The singles they released on Colpics under the new name did no better than the others, but they were such an important part of the Peppermint Lounge that when the lounge's owners opened a second venue in Florida, the girls went down there with the starlighters and were part of the show.

That trip to Florida gave them two very different experiences.

The first was that they got to see segregation firsthand for the first time, and they didn't like it, especially when they, as light-skinned mixed-race women, were read as tanned white women and served in restaurants which then refused to serve their darker-skinned mothers.

But the second was far more positive.

They met Murray the Kay, who, since Alan Freed had been driven out of his job, had become the most popular D J in New York.

Murray was down in Florida for a holiday, and was impressed enough by the girls' dancing that he told them if they were ever in New York and wanted a spot on one of his regular shows at the Brooklyn Fox Theatre, they should let him know.

They replied that they lived in New York and went to those shows all the time.

Of course they wanted to perform on his shows.

They became regular performers at the Brooklyn Fox, where they danced between the other bigger acts, sang backing vocals, did a song or two themselves and took part in comedy sketches with Murray.

It was at these shows as well that they developed the look that they would become famous with.

Huge hair piled up on top of their heads, tons of mascara, and tight skirts slit to show their legs.

It was a style inspired by street fashion rather than by what the other girl groups were wearing, and it made them incredibly popular with the Fox audience.

But the Ronettes, even under their new name, and even with the backing of New York's most prominent DJ, were still not selling any records.

They knew they were good, and the reaction to their stage performances proved as much, so they decided that the problem must be with Colpics.

And so in 1963, they made a New Year's resolution.

They were going to get Phil Spector to produce them.

By this time, Spector was becoming very well known in the music industry as a hit maker.

We already saw in the recent episode on The Crystals how he was making hits for that group and the Blossoms, but he was also making hits with studio groups like Bobby's Socks and the Blue Jeans, who he took into the top ten with a remake of the old Disney song Zipper Dee Doodar.

And as well as the records he was putting out on Philaz, he was also working as a freelance producer for people like Connie Francis, producing her top 10 hit, Second Hand Love.

A

second hand law

So the Ronnettes were convinced that he could make them into the stars they knew they had the potential to be.

The group had no idea how to get in touch with Spectre, so they tried the direct route.

Estelle called directory inquiries, got the number for Phylla's records, and called and asked to be put through to Spectre.

She was as astonished as anyone when he agreed to talk to her, and it turned out that he'd seen the group regularly at the Brooklyn Fox, and was interested in working with them.

At their audition for Spectre the group first performed a close harmony version of When the Red Red Robin Goes Bob Bob Bobbin Along, which they'd been taught by their singing teacher.

Spectre told them that he wanted to hear what they did when they were singing for themselves, not for a teacher.

And so Ronnie launched into Why Do Fools Fall in Love?

It only took her getting to the second line of the song before Spectre yelled at her to stop.

That is the voice I've been looking for.

The Ronnett's first recordings for Spectre weren't actually issued as by the Ronnettes at all.

To start with, he had them record a version of a song by the writing team Jeff Barry and Ali Greenwich, Why Don't They Let Us Fall in Love?, but didn't release it at the time.

It was later released as by Veronica, the name under which he released solo records by Ronnie.

we're too young to go steady?

Don't they believe it

that I love you already?

See the moon is shining bright.

Wish I could come out tonight.

Why don't they let us hold it on?

Why don't they let

But at the time, when Ronnie asked him when the record was coming out, Spectre answered, never.

He explained to her that it was a good record, but it wasn't a number one, and he was still working on their first number one record.

Their next few recordings were covers of then-current dance hits, like The Twist.

let's all love it.

Come on, baby,

let's go

take me by my own hands

and go like this.

Come on, let's

get round it.

And the wah-wah-tusi, one of the few times that one of the other onettes took the lead, rather than Ronnie, as Nedra sang lead.

What to see makes you feel so good.

But these and two other tracks were released as album tracks on a Crystals album, credited to the Crystals rather than the Ronettes.

The song that eventually became the group's first hit, Be My Baby, was mostly written by one of the many husband and wife songwriting teams that had developed at the Brill Building, Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich.

Barry had started out as a performer who occasionally wrote, putting out records like It's Called Rock and Roll.

Bop, bop, and bop.

Oh, you've got to put that in there, you know.

Not that rock and roll, not that.

Then there's the uh, I wanna rock with you, baby doll, type thing.

Goes like this, here.

I wanna rock with you.

But while his performing career had gone nowhere, he'd started to have some success as a songwriter, writing teenage sonata for Sam Cook.

while I sing to you

my

teenage

sonata

of my love

eternally true

and tell Laura I Love Her, which was recorded by several people, but the biggest hit version was the American number one by Ray Peterson.

How his car overturned in flames,

But as they pulled him from the twisted wreck with his dying breath, they heard him say,

Tell Laura I love her.

Tell Laura I need her.

Tell Aura not to cry.

My love for

her

will there

die.

Ellie Greenwich had also started as a performer, recording Silly, Isn't It under the name Ellie Gay.

Silly, isn't it?

To love a guy I should never love

to dream the dreams I am dreaming of

To love a guy like you, just like you

She'd become one of the most important demo singers in New York and had also started writing songs.

She'd first collaborated with Doc Pomas, co-writing songs like This Is It, which had been a flop single for Jay and the Americans.

She doesn't love me anymore.

She doesn't want my kisses.

I know that this is it for me.

She doesn't want me anymore.

She'd then been taken on by Trio Music, Lieber and Stoller's Company, where she had largely collaborated with another writer named Tony Powers.

Trio had first refusal on anything the two of them wrote, and if Lieber and Stahler didn't like it, they could take the song elsewhere.

Greenwich and Powers had their biggest successes with songs that Lieber and Stoller rejected, which they sold to Aaron Schroeder, and they'd started up a collaboration with Phil Spector, although Spectre and Greenwich's first meeting had not exactly gone smoothly.

He'd gone into her office to hear her play a song that she thought would be suitable for the Paris sisters, but had kept wandering out of the office and had kept looking at himself in a mirror and primping himself rather than listen to her song.

Eventually she said to him, Listen to me, you little prick, did you come to look at yourself or to hear my songs?

And she didn't make that sale.

But later on, Spectre became interested in a song she'd sold to Schroeder, and made an appointment to meet her and talk about her writing some stuff for him.

That second meeting, which Spectre didn't realise was with someone he'd already made a bad impression on, Spectre turned up four hours late.

But despite that, Greenwich and Powers wrote several songs for Spectre, who was also given songwriting credit, and which became big hits in versions he produced.

Today I Bet the Boy I'm Gonna Marry, a single by Darling Love.

Today I met the boy I'm gonna marry.

He's all I've wanted all my life, and even more.

He smiled at me, and gave the music started playing.

Here comes the bride when he walked through the door.

And Why Do Lovers Break Each Other's Hearts?

Released as by Bobby Sox and the Blue Jeans, but with Love once again on lead vocals.

Why do lovers break each other's hearts?

Oh, tell me why two lovers have such good parts.

When we met, the world was right.

Now

I say that Spectre was also given songwriting credit on those records, because there is some debate about how much he contributed to the songs he's credited on.

Some of his co-writers have said that he would often only change a word or phrase and get himself cut in on an already completed song, while others have said that he contributed a reasonable amount amount to the songwriting, though he was never the primary writer.

For example, Barry Mann has said that Spectre came up with the middle section for You've Lost That Love In Feeling.

I tend towards the belief that Spectre's contribution to the writing on those songs he's co-credited on was minimal.

In his whole career, the number of songs he wrote on his own seems to be in the single figures, while those other writers wrote dozens of hit records without any contribution from Spectre.

And so when I talk about records he produced, I'll tend to use phrasing like, a Goffin and King song co-credited to Phil Spectre, rather than a song by Goffin King and Spectre.

But I don't want that to give the impression that I'm certain Spectre made no contribution.

But while Greenwich and Powers were a mildly successful team, their partnership ended when Greenwich met Jeff Barry at a family Thanksgiving dinner.

Greenwich's uncle was Barry's cousin.

As Greenwich later put it, when they started talking together about music and and realised how much they had in common, I went, ooh, he went, mmm, and his wife went, I don't think I like this.

Soon their previous partnerships, both romantic and musical, were over, and Jeff Barry and Ali Greenwich became the third of the great Brill Building husband and wife songwriting teams.

Where Goffin and King had a sophisticated edge to their writing, with a hint of sexual subversion and the mingling of pain and pleasure, and Mann and Weill tried to incorporate social comment into their songs.

Barry and Greenwich were happy to be silly.

They were writing songs like Hanky Panky, the doo-run-run, and doo-wah diddy-diddy.

Doo-I-Diddy, diddy-gown, diddy-doo.

We're so happy, and that's how we're gonna stay.

Doo-wi-diddy-diddy-down diddy-doo.

I'm his, yeah, yeah, and he's mine, yeah, yeah.

I'm his and he's mine, and the wedding doesn't die.

This worked extremely well for them, to the extent that after they broke up a few years later, Barry would continue this formula with songs such as Sugar Sugar, Jingle Jangle and Bang Shangalang.

Barry and Greenwich's style was to jam in as many hooks as possible, maybe put in a joke or two, keep the lyrics simple, and get out in two minutes.

Very few of their songs were masterpieces of songwriting, but they were absolutely perfect templates for masterpieces of production.

It sounds like I'm damning them with faint praise, but I'm really not.

There is a huge skill involved in what they were doing.

If you're writing some heart-wrenching masterpiece about the human condition, people will forgive the odd lapsing craft.

But if you're writing My Baby Does the Hanky Panky, there's no margin for error, and you're not going to get forgiven if you mess it up.

Barry and Greenwich were good enough at this that they became the go-to writers for Spectre for the next couple of years.

He would record songs by most of the Brill building teams, but when you think of the classic records Spectre produced, they're far more likely than not to be Barry and Greenwich songs.

Of the 27 Filles singles released after Barry and Greenwich started writing together, 14 are credited to Barry Greenwich Spectre.

And other than the joke release, Let's Dance the Screw, which we talked about back in the episode on the Crystals, there's a run of 11 singles released on the label between late 1962 and early 1964, which are credited either as Greenwich Powers Spectre or Barry Greenwich Spectre.

And so, it was naturally to Barry and Greenwich that Spectre turned to write the first big hit for the Ronettes, and he let Ronnie hear the writing session.

By this time, Spectre had become romantically involved with Ronnie, and he invited her into his apartment to sit in the next room and listen to them working on the song.

Usually, Ronnie and Spectre got together in hotels rather than at Spectre's home.

While she was there, she found several pairs of women's shoes.

Spectre hadn't told her he was married, and claimed to her when she asked that they belonged to his sister.

This should probably have been a sign of things to come.

Assuming that Spectre did contribute to the writing, I think it's easy to tell what he brought to be my baby.

If you listen to that Connie Francis record I accepted earlier, on which Spectre is also a credited co-writer, the melody line for the line that you don't feel the same leading into the chorus.

Cause once or twice

you called

me by her name.

I need you so,

but now I know

that you don't feel the same.

It's all over town

is identical to the melody line leading into the chorus of Be My Baby.

Since the day I saw you,

So that transition between the verse and the chorus is likely his work.

After rehearsing Ronnie for several weeks in New York, Spectre flew her out to LA to make the record in Gold Star Studios, where she spent spent three days recording the lead vocals.

The backing vocals weren't provided by the other Annette's, but rather by the Blossoms, with a few extra singers, notably Spectre's assistant Sonny Bonnow and his new girlfriend Cher.

But what really made the track was not the vocals, although the song was perfect for Ronnie, but Hal Blaine's drum intro.

That intro was utterly simple.

Blaine was always a minimalist player, someone who would play for the song rather than played fussy fills.

But that simple part, combined with the powerful sound that the engineer Larry Levine got, was enough to make it one of the most memorable intros in rock music history.

Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys talks to this day about how he had to pull over to the side of the road when he first heard it on his car radio, and he would listen to the record incessantly for hours at a time.

Incidentally, since I'm talking about the musicians, a lot of sources credit Carol Kaye for playing the bass on this track, so I'm going to say something once here, which should be taken as read whenever I'm talking about records made in LA in the 60s.

Carol Kaye is not only an unreliable source about what records she played on, she is an utterly dishonest one.

For those who don't know, Ms.

Kay was one of the great bass players of the 60s and also one of the better session guitarists.

She played on hundreds of records in the 60s, including many, many classics from the Beach Boys, Spectre, Frank Zappa, and others, and she was the only woman getting regular session work in LA on a rock instrument.

There may have been session orchestral musicians who were women, but when it comes to guitar, bass, drums, keyboards, sacks, and so on, she was the only one.

For that, she deserves a huge amount of credit.

Unfortunately, she has never been happy only being credited for the record she actually played on, and insists she played on many, many more.

Some of this can be reasonably put down to lapses in memory more than 50 years later.

If you're playing two or three sessions a day, and you play on a bunch of Beach Boys records, then it's easy enough to misremember having played on Surf in USA, when maybe you played on a similar sounding record.

And there are things like her claiming to have played on Good Vibrations, where there were multiple sessions for that track.

And it happened that the takes eventually used weren't the ones where she was playing bass, but she had no way of knowing that.

That's completely forgivable.

But Ms.

Kay also claims, with no evidence whatsoever on her side, and a great deal of evidence against her, to have been responsible for playing almost the entire recorded works of James Jameson, Motown's main bass player, claiming tapes were secretly shipped from Detroit to LA, something that has been denied by every single person working at Motown, and which could be easily disproved just by listening to the tapes.

She claims to have played the bass on I'm a Believer by the Monkees, a track recorded in New York by New York musicians, and whenever anyone points out the falsehoods, rather than saying, I may have made a mistake, she hurls abuse at them and in some cases libels them on her website.

So, Carol Kay did not play on this record, and we know that because we have the AFM session sheets, which show that the bass players on the track were Ray Pullman and Jimmy Bond.

I'll link a PDF of that sheet in the show notes.

So in future, when I mention someone other than Carol Kay playing on a song, and Wikipedia or somewhere says she played on it, bear this in mind.

Two people who did play on the record were Bill Pittman and Tommy Tedesco, and this is why the B-side, an instrumental, is named Tedesco and Pittman.

Spectre was enough of a control freak that he didn't want DJs ever to play the wrong side of his singles, so he stuck instrumental jam sessions by the studio musicians, with the songwriting credited to him rather than to them, on the B-sides.

I don't know about you, but I actually quite like Todesco and Pittman, but then I've always had a soft spot for the vibraphone.

Be My Baby was a massive hit.

It went to number one on the Cash Box chart, though only number two on the Billboard chart, and sold millions of copies.

The group were invited onto Dick Clark's Caravan of Stars tour, but Spectre wanted Ronnie to be in California to record the follow-up, so the girl's cousin Elaine filled in for her for the first couple of weeks of the tour, while Ronnie recorded another Barry, Greenwich and Spectre song, Baby I Love You.

want my arms around you.

I love to hear you call my name.

Oh, you'll be let me feel the same.

Baby, I love

my baby.

I love

who we baby.

Ronnie didn't realize it at the time, but Spectre was trying to isolate her from the other group members, and from her family.

But at first this seemed to her like a sensible way of solving the problem, and she rejoined the tour after the record was made.

Soon after this, the group travelled to the UK for a brief tour in early 1964, during which they became friendly with the Beatles.

Ronnie had a brief chaste flirtation with John Lennon, and Estelle something a little more with George Harrison.

They also got to know their support act on the tour, The Rolling Stones, at least once Ronnie had had a row with Andrew Lou Goldham, as Spectre had sent a telegram forbidding the Rolling Stones from spending time with the Ronettes.

Once Ronnie pointed out that they were there and Spectre wasn't, the two groups became very friendly, and more than friendly if Keith Richards' autobiography is to be believed.

On their return to the US, they continued having hits through 1964.

Nothing was as big as Be My Baby, but they had three more top 40 hits that year, with two mediocre records, The Best Part of Breaking Up and Do I Love You?, co-written by the team of Pete Andrioli and Vinnie Ponchia, and then a return to form with the magnificent Walking in the Rain, written by Barryman and Cynthia Weill.

things

he'll like

to

do

like walking in the rain

and wishing all the stars of a garden and being so in love.

But Spectre was becoming more and more erratic in his personal life and more and more controlling.

I won't go into too many details here, because we're going to see a lot more of Phil Spector over the next year or so, but he recorded many great records with the Ronnettes, which he refused to release, claiming they weren't quite right.

Ronnie has later realised that he was probably trying to sabotage their career so he could have her all to himself, though at the time she didn't know that.

Neither of the two singles they did release in 1965 made the top 50, and the one single they released in 1966, A Return to Songs by Barry and Greenwich, only made number one hundred for one week.

The sound of the city made me just

disappear.

I can hear music,

Also in 1966, the Ronnettes were invited by the Beatles to be their support act on their last ever tour.

But once again, Spectre insisted that Ronnie couldn't go, because she needed to be in the studio.

So Elaine substituted for her again, much to the Beatles' disappointment.

Nothing from the studio sessions during that tour was released.

The group broke up in nineteen sixty seven, and the next year Ronny married Phil Spector, who became ever more controlling and abusive.

I won't go into details of the way he treated her, which you can read all about in her autobiography, but suffice to say that I was completely unsurprised when he murdered a woman in two thousand and three.

You'll probably get some idea of his behaviours when I talk about him in future episodes, but what Ronny suffered in the years they were together was something no one should have to go through.

By the time she managed to to leave him in June 1972, she had only released one track in years, a song that George Harrison had written for her called Try Some Buysome, which Spectre had recorded with her at Harrison's insistence, during a period when Spectre was working with several of the ex-Beatles and trying to rebuild his own career on the back of them.

And when it seemed that I could only be lonely I opened my eyes and I saw you

Neither Ronnie nor Spectre were particularly keen on the track and it was a commercial flop, although John Lennon later said that the track had inspired his Happy Christmas War is Over.

Ronnie eventually escaped from Spectre's abuse, leaving the house barefoot, as Spectre had stolen her shoes so she couldn't leave, and started to build a new life for herself, though she would struggle with alcoholism for many years.

She got nothing in their divorce settlement, as Spectre threatened to hire a hitman to kill her if she tried to get anything from him, and she made a living by touring the nostalgia circuit with various new line-ups of Ronnettes, the others having given up on their music careers, and while she never had another hit, she did have a recording career.

Her solo career got its proper start because of a chance meeting in New York.

Her old friend John Lennon saw her on the street and called her over for a chat, and introduced her to the friend he was with, Jimmy Iovine, who was producing an album for Southside Johnny and the Aspury Dukes.

Bruce Springsteen had written a song for that band, and Iovine thought it might work well as a duet with Ronnie, and he invited her to the studio that day, and she cut the song with with them.

You mean so much to me, baby.

Whoa,

That song became one of the most popular songs on the album.

And so when the Aspury Dukes toured supporting Bruce Springsteen and the East Street Band, they brought Ronnie along with them to sing on that song and do a couple of her own hits.

That led to the East Street Band themselves backing Ronnie on a single, a version of Billy Joel's Say Goodbye to Hollywood, a song that Joel had written with her in mind.

He joins the lovers and his heavy machine, just to sing down a sunset over.

Say goodbye to Hollywood,

say goodbye, my baby.

Say goodbye to Hollywood.

Say goodbye, my baby.

However, that was a flop, and so were all her later attempts to have comebacks, though she worked with some great musicians over the years.

But she was able to continue having a career as a performer, even if she never returned to stardom and she never made much money from her hits.

She did, though, sing on one more top 10 hit, singing backing vocals on Eddie Money's Take Me Home Tonight.

Take me home tonight.

Listen on your children like a runner sight.

I don't wanna take it home tonight.

I don't mind letting go to see the light.

Phil Spector continued to earn money from his ex-wife for a long time after their divorce.

By 1998, when the Ronnettes finally sued Spectre for unpaid royalties, they had earned, between them, a total of $14,482.30 in royalties from all their hit records, the amount that came from a single 1964 royalty payment.

In court, Spectre argued that he didn't owe them any more, and indeed that they still owed him money.

because the cost of recording their singles meant that they had never actually earned more money than they cost.

Eventually, after a series of appeals, the group members each got about half a million dollars in 2002.

Obviously, a great deal of money, but a small fraction of what they actually earned.

Spectre, who was on the board of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, prevented the Ronettes from being inducted out of spite towards his ex until he was imprisoned, at which point they were finally recognised in 2007.

Ronnie continues to perform and seems to have a happy life.

Estelle, sadly, did not.

She suffered from anorexia and schizophrenia, spent a period of time homeless, and died in 2009.

Nedra became a born-again Christian shortly after the group split up, and recorded a couple of unsuccessful albums of Christian music in the 70s, before going off to work in real estate.

In September last year, it was announced that a film is going to be made of Ronnie Specter's life story.

It's nice to know that there'll be something out there telling her story with her as the protagonist, rather than as a background character in the story of her abusive husband.

A history of rock music and 500 songs is brought to you by the generosity of my backers on Patreon.

Each week, Patreon backers will get a 10-minute bonus podcast.

This week's is on Little Saint Nick

by the Beach Boys.

Visit patreon.com/slash Andrew Hickey to sign up for as little as a dollar a month.

A book based on the first 50 episodes of the podcast, from Savoy Swingers to Clock Rockers, is now available.

Search Andrew Hickey 500 Songs on your favourite online bookstore or visit the links in the show notes.

This podcast is written and narrated by me, Andrew Hickey, and produced by me and Tilt Ariser.

Visit 500songs.com that's 500 the numbers songs.com

to read transcripts and liner notes and get links to hear the full versions of songs excerpted here.

If you've enjoyed the show and feel it's worth reviewing, please do leave a review wherever you get your podcasts.

But more importantly, tell just one person that you liked this podcast.

Word of mouth, more than any other form of promotion, is how creative works get noticed and sustain themselves.

Thank you very much for listening.