Sudan: Hundreds of thousands flee Darfur refugee camp

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I'm Andrew Peach and in the early hours of Tuesday the 15th of April, these are our main stories. Hundreds of thousands of people flee Sudan's largest refugee camp in Darfur after days of attacks by paramilitaries.
On a visit to the White House, the president of El Salvador insists he doesn't have the power to return a man mistakenly deported from the US and jailed. And Parliament in Hungary approves constitutional changes stigmatising gay people.
Also in this podcast, the Pope puts God's architect Antoni Gaudí on the path to sainthood and... I think this experience has shown me you never know how much love is inside of you, like how much love you have to give and how loved you are until the day you launch.
The latest celebrity space tourists, including the American pop star Katy Perry, come back down to Earth. It was estimated that half a million people had been living in Zamzam, Sudan's largest camp for people trying to flee the civil war, which is two years old today.
According to the UN, hundreds of civilians are dead and 400,000 have fled the camp following an attack by paramilitary rapid support forces, which took control of Zamzam in Darfur. The RSF claimed it was being used as a base for fighters, aligned with the Sudanese army.
Our Africa correspondent, Mayani Jones, told me more about the camp. There was a famine declared there in August.
So the people in Zamzam camp were already living very difficult lives and these lives have become even more difficult this weekend. They've had to move once again.
10,000 of them have arrived in the town of Tawila. It's about 70 kilometres away from Zamzam.
That would usually take you six hours in a car. It certainly took them a lot longer to do that by foot.
And so at the moment, they are in need of absolutely everything. I mean, Medecins Saint-Fontier, who used to be based in Zamzam camp, but had to leave because they were constantly having staff getting caught up in the violence.
They said that, you know, people arrived in Tawila extremely dehydrated, traumatised, stressed. They've supplied what they could.
They've provided them with some food, some buckets, some just basic amenities. But the need is absolutely enormous.
And there are no facilities there in Tawila at all, I presume? Yeah, MSF are in Tooele. They don't have much of a presence there.
They say they've kind of given the internally displaced people the absolute basics. But no, there isn't much there for them.
And it's a new region, Darfur, Northern Darfur, which is in the control of the RSF, which is feared by many civilians. So they're still not safe.
They still haven't found safety. And why are the paramilitaries, the RSF, attacking a camp at all? So for the past year, the rapid support forces have been trying to breach Al-Fashur.
It's the capital of the state of North Darfur. It's the last state's capital in Darfur that they don't hold.
It's held by the Sudanese military, their rivals. And so recently, the Sudanese army gained some ground in the east of the country, in the capital, Khartoum.
Since then, the RSF have redoubled their efforts to try and recapture El Fashur so that they would control the entirety of Darfur, which is in the west of the country. And basically, what this means is that the country is essentially divided in two, with the east and the north controlled by the army and the west and some of the south controlled by the rapid support forces.
And there are concerns that if El Fasha falls into the hands of the RSF, that that could leave the civilian population there incredibly isolated, cut off from the rest of the world, finding it more difficult to get help. And there are also concerns, there have been, you know, accusations of summary execution of sexual violence carried out by the RSF.
And so there are concerns that if those civilians find themselves under them, they will suffer some grave human rights abuses. Because in recent months, it's been the Sudanese military who've been taking territory.
The RSF now very much pushing back, still posing a formidable threat. Absolutely.
They're not backing down. Despite the fact that they've lost that territory, they still hold pockets of Khartoum.
So the battle there isn't completely won. And they certainly want to make sure that they control a lot of Darfur.
Now, the way they put it is that they've liberated Zamzam. They're liberating these areas.
But many rights groups and many civilians say that far from liberating these places, they are exacting their own cruel and inhumane punishment and that they are carrying out extreme levels of violence against the civilian population. Africa correspondent Mayani Jones.
The Hungarian parliament has voted through a constitutional amendment to ban LGBT gatherings

and recognize only two sexes. It had already passed a law banning pride marches on the grounds

of protecting children. On Monday, protesters and some opposition MPs gathered outside parliament

in Budapest. Let's get more from our correspondent Nick Thorpe.
This was the 15th Amendment to the 2011 Constitution and one of the most controversial. By 140 votes to 21, the governing Fidesz Party majority made it possible for the police to ban the annual Pride March in June because it's judged to portray or promote homosexuality.
Protesters tried and failed to prevent MPs entering Parliament to take part in the vote, but a heavy police presence made sure they could get into the building. The mayor of Budapest, Gergely Karacsoň, later told protesters outside the building that this year's pride would go ahead anyway and would be bigger and freer than ever before.
Lúcia Dudyc is from the Hata Society, Hungary's oldest and largest LGBT rights organisation. She told us the new law won't stop them from marching.
LGBTQ people have always been part of society. We cannot be ignored, we cannot be erased and we are going to march for our freedoms and we know that a lot of people are going to march with us in solidarity to show to the government and to everybody else that we are a valuable part of our communities.
The actual attitude of Hungarian society have increased and they have accepted LGBTQI people more and more. At the same time, it is sadly a big mental pressure to hear your community being demonized like that in everyday discourse by the government.
Last month, the U.S. deported more than 200 Latin American migrants to El Salvador to be held in jail there.
The Trump administration has claimed the deportees are gang members and pose a threat to US national security. It's now known that one of them was sent in error.
The US Supreme Court has ordered he'd be brought back. But on Monday, during a meeting with Mr.
Trump in Washington, El Salvador's president, Naya Bukele, called the man a terrorist and said he wouldn't be returned to the US or freed from prison. How can I return him to the United States? Like I smuggle him into the United States? Of course, I'm not going to do it.
I mean, the question is preposterous. How can I smuggle a terrorist into the United States? I don't have the power to return him to the United States.
But you can release him inside of the United States. Yeah, but I'm not releasing, I mean, we're not very fond of releasing terrorists into our country.
I mean, we just turned the murder capital of the world to the safest country in the Western Hemisphere, and you want us to go back into the releasing criminals so we can go back to being the murder capital of the world. That's not going to happen.
Our North America correspondent, Nomia Iqbal, is in Washington. Kilmar Garcia, who's from Maryland, which is not far from here in DC, he did actually come to the US illegally when he was a teenager, but he did get a work permit in 2019 and a judge ruled that he couldn't be sent back to El Salvador due to persecutions by gangs.
However, the Trump administration has claimed that he is a member of MS-13, a gang in El Salvador, which the Trump administration has also designated a terrorist group. And so they have deported him along with many others.
The problem, Mr Garcia's lawyers say, is that there's no evidence. And even if there is evidence, which the administration says there is, he should get due process.
He should be in a court. He should have the right to challenge the evidence.
And so this is the background of this particular case. And that was a big issue for certainly reporters, given that Mr.
Bekele had his moment today in the Oval Office with Mr. Trump.
So it's one of those sort of fireside moments, as you say, with the two of them in the yellow seats in the Oval Office with reporters then invited to ask questions. And what we got was Donald Trump doubling down on the idea of sending more and more people to El Salvador.
Yes, and bear in mind the Supreme Court last week ruled that the Trump administration needs to facilitate Mr Garcia's return. But the administration is saying, well, it's not up to us.
The ball is in El Salvador's court. And sat next to Mr.
Trump is Mr. Bukele, who has called himself the world's coolest dictator.
He is very prolific on social media. Him and Donald Trump are ideologically aligned.
They both need each other. Mr.
Bukele wants to open up El Salvador to tourism. He has this mega prison, this controversial prison where lots of criminals and many people who have not been given due process are housed.
And that's what makes him hugely popular with people in El Salvador. And Mr.
Trump needs that for his hardline deportation policy. So both men need each other and they are ideologically aligned.
And when Mr. Bekele was asked about Mr.
Garcia, said what am I going to do smuggle him back into the US smuggle a terrorist so as far as he's concerned but he's not going to release Mr. Garcia and so it looks like Mr.
Garcia still is going to remain in that prison for the foreseeable future. Nami Ibar with me from Washington.
On Monday an all-female crew of six, including the pop star

Katy Perry, touched back down on Earth after reaching the edge of space on the Blue Origin rocket owned by Jeff Bezos. And here's the moment the women blasted off from the desert in Texas.
Five, four, command engine start, two, one, ignition. The flight, which lasted less than 11 minutes, carried the women to the Kármán line, the internationally recognised boundary of space, where they experienced three minutes of weightlessness before beginning their descent back to Earth.
And as they touched down, the crew could be heard screaming with excitement. Air cushion, they'll kick the dust it's a very soft soft landing despite the sporty uh perception there it is our science correspondent victoria gill told me more about the mission i think we need to make a distinction here that this is not really space exploration it's space tourism so in the spectre of the kind of commercial race to provide people with the transportation for space, if they just want to buy it as a trip, or if NASA now have private contractors with Elon Musk's SpaceX, this is, you know, part of that picture.
And it's still a really challenging and difficult thing. So in terms of the billionaire's space race to provide this as a commercial opportunity for whoever wants to pay and go, it's significant.
But, you know, I've spoken to a few space scientists and people from space agencies who are kind of a little frustrated, I suppose, by the fact that the celebrity element of this is possibly getting more attention than some of the people who are doing work for the good of humanity in space. You know, even that this crew are now being given the tag that they are now an astronaut.
The Global Treaty for Outer Space defines an astronaut as an envoy for humankind. This is a very brief trip, 10 minutes, 21 seconds to be exact.
Is it space exploration? I think that's up for debate. Right.
And obviously it might only ever be for massive music stars and people engaged to billionaires because even if this becomes more commonplace over time, it's still hugely expensive. This is something that, yes, is not available to us all.
Blue Origin states its aim as kind of opening up the availability of travelling to space for everyone. You can go on their website and you can click I want to go to space and book yourself a trip and they ask for a deposit, a fully refundable deposit of US$150,000.
So that sort of puts it into perspective as far as, you know, this being something that's available to us all. And you've talked a bit about some of the ethical concerns, the environmental concerns that people have about the whole idea of space tourism.
Every time you send a rocket up, you're burning fuel at incredibly high temperatures. That is producing chemical reactions that release pollutants into the environment.
One of the things that Blue Origin said about this trip was that because the fuel is hydrogen and oxygen, your only product is water vapour. Well, I don't think that's true.
I've spoken to a few chemists who would dispute that because when you're burning things at high temperatures in the atmosphere, you're going to get other pollutants from those atmospheric gases like nitrogen as well. But also water vapour is not supposed to be in the stratosphere.
So that does pollute all of those atmospheric layers.

Our science correspondent, Victoria Gill.

And still to come in this podcast.

We thought, yes, the penguin should be the catalyst

that sort of raises these bigger questions about whether you engage with society,

whether you care about the world around you,

or whether you retreat into a sort of a cocoon.

A new film inspired by Penguin in South America.

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Mark Zuckerberg, the owner of the American tech giant Meta and the world's third richest person, has been in court in Washington. Meta, which owns Facebook, is accused of abusing its market power when it bought Instagram and WhatsApp.
The case has been brought by the Federal Trade Commission, the US Competition and Consumer Watchdog. And if the FTC wins the case, Meta's owner, Mr Zuckerberg, could be forced to sell Instagram and WhatsApp.
Our North America technology correspondent, Lily Jamali, told me about the first day of the trial. From the Federal Trade Commission side, this of course is the competition and consumer watchdog here in the U.S.

They're saying that Meta, which owns Facebook and WhatsApp and Instagram, decided that competition was just too hard and that it would simply be easier to buy out their rivals than compete with them. So that's what we heard from the FTC lawyer, Daniel Matheson, today.
Meta, for their part, is saying that this whole lawsuit is misguided, that there is

plenty of competition out today. Meta, for their part, is saying that this whole lawsuit is misguided,

that there is plenty of competition out there against Meta in the social media space. You know,

CX, formerly Twitter, C YouTube, C Snapchat. And, you know, the FTC is kind of pulling out a grab

bag of legal theories to try to break them up. Right.
Are they suggesting it's politically

motivated in some way? I haven't seen any mention of the politics in court, but there is absolutely a political overtone to everything that is happening. This case was brought during the first Trump administration when Donald Trump had a much more contentious relationship with Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg.
He had recently been kicked off of Meta's platforms after the January 6th insurrection at the US Capitol. And he was upset.
And at this point, what we're seeing is, you know, a much more friendly relationship, Mark Zuckerberg and Trump getting off on a much better foot this time, apparently Zuckerberg lobbying Trump to have this case dropped. Lily Jamali reporting.
Now, can you guess who this person is describing? You can't help but be awed by its majesty, its size and its slight kookiness. It's got a futuristic feel in a 70s way.
It's like the first cathedral on Mars.

It's a BBC journalist telling the story of the Sagrada Familia Church in Barcelona,

the visionary, unfinished work of the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí,

who died nearly a century ago.

At the time of his death, the Sagrada Familia had been under construction for 44 years

and was only a quarter completed. Asked about the protracted construction, the architect is reported to have said, my client is not in a hurry.
Now, the Vatican has announced that Gaudí has been declared venerable, the first stage on the path to sainthood. Andrea Gagliaducci is a Vatican analyst at the Catholic TV network EWTN.
My colleague Sean Lay asked him about Antoni Gaudí's significance for Roman Catholics. Well, he is the architect who started the construction of Sagrada Familia, that is the biggest temple in Barcelona, that was the last of the Gothic cathedral, or the first of the cathedral, of a new kind of Gothic cathedral.
So it was a huge war. And so the significance is all there because whenever you go to Barcelona and you look at Sagrada Familia, you see the life and the mystery and the devotion of one big architect and all the Catholics know about that.
Yeah, the mystery, of course, is why it took so long and why he died without his vision being completed. In fact, I think only a quarter completed at the time of his death in 1926.
And curiously, he almost acquired his faith. I mean, obviously, formerly, he had been baptised a Catholic by his family.
He was in a very Catholic country. But he almost found his faith in the Sacré-Helat Familiar, didn't he? Well, yeah, he actually lived in the Sacré-ia.
You know, when he started this huge project and he used to breathe and think with the temple. So the temple grew with his faith somehow.
It's 43 years of work. So whenever you go to Sagrada Familia, you see that it's a sort of church that moves around you.
And everything is a symbol. Everything symbolises something.
Every facade, every column, every altar, every movement, it's all there. But you know, the fun story is that Sagrada Familia not only was Gaudi's life, but converted people.
There was this Japanese architect, Tsuro Soto, that actually, when he started studying the Sagrada Familia in all the works of Gaudi, he was a Japanese non-believer. He converted to Catholicism and now is the

architect that is completing the Sagrada Familia. This first stage has taken 40 years to get to,

with the Pope placing Gaudi on the path to potential beatification and eventually a

declaration of sainthood. What still has to be established before that can take place?

You need that people pray for his intercession for a miracle and then every miracle is

Thank you. What still has to be established before that can take place? You need that people pray for his intercession for a miracle.
And then every miracle is checked first into a medical commission because they must decide if the miracle is not scientifically explicable somehow. Then after that, it has to go to a commission of theologians and after that to the meeting of the members.
And only that it's brought to the Pope. So at some point you could become Saint Antony Gaudi.
How long do you think Catholics may have to wait for that moment? A minimum of seven years I would say because it's at least three years to make all the checks for every miracle so two miracles six years but then it can be forever. Now Britain's gambling regulator has charged 15 people who are accused of using confidential information to place bets on the timing of last year's general election.
The scandal added to a string of problems for Rishi Sunak's re-election bid, which was ultimately unsuccessful. Here's Ella Bicknell.
In some countries, political betting is prohibited, but in the United Kingdom, it's common practice. That's not limited just to who will win a general election.
You can take a punt on all sorts of things, from the colour of tie worn by the Prime Minister on polling day to the first animal to be used in a campaign stunt. And because Britain's parliamentary system gives the Prime Minister the power to call a snap general election, you can also bet on the date it is held.
Earlier today, I spoke with His Majesty the King to request the dissolution of Parliament. The King has granted this request, and we will have a general election on the 4th of July.
This information is kept strictly secret, known only to those in the Prime Minister's inner circle until its formal announcement. Britain's gambling regulator has now charged 15 people under suspicion of using that advanced knowledge of the election date to gain an unfair advantage in the betting markets.
They include former Conservative Member of Parliament Craig Williams, who was a close aide to the then Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. Did you have any inside information when you made the bet? I really made a huge error of judgment, that's for sure, and I apologise.
But did you have any inside information when you placed that bet? As I've said, I will not be expanding on that statement. A former police officer tasked with protecting government ministers has also been charged.
The allegations surfaced in the run-up to the election and caused a political firestorm. Mr Sunak was repeatedly questioned on the matter.
But you're happy for them to go into the election and represent you and the Conservative Party? Well Fiona, as you said, these investigations are ongoing. But what I can tell you is if anyone is found to have broken the rules, not only should they face the full consequences of the law, I will make sure that they are booted out of the Conservative Party.
The Gambling Commission's investigation is ongoing, with all 15 defendants scheduled to appear in court in June. The Conservative Party say current staff members allegedly involved have been suspended.
The party is under new management, and they believe anyone working in politics should act with integrity. Ella Bicknell reporting.
50 years ago, a British man called Tom Michelle was working as a teacher in South America when he rescued a penguin from an oil slick. He went on to write about that experience with Juan Salvador the Penguin and now the book's been turned into a film, The Penguin Lessons, starring the actor Steve Coogan.
Tom and Steve have been talking to my colleague Sarah Montagu. Tom first on how he found the penguin.
I was walking along a beach at the end of a holiday when I was in Uruguay and I saw thousands of dead penguins on the beach. And I suddenly saw a penguin move.
And I thought, that's extraordinary. Perhaps if I take it back to the flat where I'm staying, I can clean it and then put it back in the sea.
And I cleaned it. And then I decided I was going to put it back in the sea.
And it wouldn't go. And I tried and I tried.
And it kept coming out and following me. And this little voice was saying, if you wash seabirds in detergent, they lose their waterproofing and they can't cope in the water.
And I'm going back to Argentina tomorrow, so what can I do but take it back to Argentina with me? Which meant smuggling it through customs. And I was caught going through customs, and I explained very patiently that, look, penguins are migratory birds, and this is an Argentine penguin, and all I'm doing is repatriating while it recovers.
Stop, sir. What is in your bag? Show me now.
I rescued him from an oil slick, and now he thinks he's my friend, but he's not my friend. Now, Steve, Tom wrote the story.
You came across it, I think, in lockdown, is that right? Well, Geoff Pope came across it. Geoff Pope, the writer of the screenplay, who I've written with before, and he said, would you be interested in playing this part? My only problem was that the way Tom was portrayed in his own book, he comes across as quite a nice bloke.
And I thought, a nice man rescuing a penguin, I think what we need to do is just make him a little more recalcitrant and less inclined towards penguins, or indeed children. So if anyone thinks Tom is impatient or self-indulgent or narcissistic, that's pure artistic licence and no reflection on the man himself.
That's absolutely fine by me because in many ways the story's not about Tom Michel, the story's about the penguin. And all I was really interested in is that the penguin story is right.
And in fact the film does a very faithful reproduction, really, of the Penguin story. The Penguin sort of saves Tom Michel in the story.
Yeah, I mean, we... To some extent.
Yes, well, he does. The Tom, the way I play him, is that he's cynical and slightly disillusioned.
We thought, yes, the Penguin should be the catalyst for change in the Penguin, that sort of raises these bigger questions about whether you engage with society, whether you care about the world around you, or whether you retreat into a cocoon. Steve, for you, this is more on the whimsical side.
Ostensibly it is, but, you know, it's set against the backdrop of a fascist dictatorship. Again, because it seems, from lots of people's perspectives, incredibly bleakak that there's a temptation to withdraw from the world whereas really ultimately you have to engage with not only the people in front of you but with the world at large and i think that uh when things seem to be going in the direction where you feel like your voice is insignificant you can affect the immediate world around you And I think that's what I hope to take away from the film is.

The actor, Steve Coogan.

That's all from us for now.

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This edition was mixed by Mark Pickett. The producer was Alison Davies.
The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Andrew Peach.
Thanks for listening. And until next time, goodbye.
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