Protests at COP30

26m

Thousands of indigenous people and activists demonstrate against global warming in the Amazonian city of Belém, where COP30 is taking place. It's the first time since 2021 that people have been allowed to protest outside the UN climate talks. Also: Palestinian families suffer, as heavy rains destroy camps in Gaza; Pakistan's Balochistan province bans child marriage; Mexican cities see protests over growing violence and insecurity; Ecuadorians are set to vote on allowing foreign military bases back into their country; and Pope Leo hosts some of Hollywood's biggest stars, describing them as "pilgrims of the imagination".

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Runtime: 26m

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Speaker 8 When you bake or cook with my commut flour, you're using one of the purest, most ancient grains on earth, filled with goodness your body can feel. Even your gluten-sensitive guests will thank you.

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Speaker 5 This is the global news podcast from the BBC World Service.

Speaker 5 I'm Charlotte Gallagher, and in the early hours of Sunday, the 16th of November, these are our main stories.

Speaker 5 Thousands march outside the COP summit in Brazil to demand stronger action on global warming.

Speaker 5 Mexican cities see protests over growing violence and insecurity, and how the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza is being made worse by heavy rain.

Speaker 5 Also, in this podcast, Pope Leo celebrates cinema as he hosts the Stars of Hollywood at the Vatican.

Speaker 6 Do not be afraid to confront the world's wounds. Violence, poverty, exile, loneliness, addiction, and forgotten wars are issues that need to be acknowledged and narrated.

Speaker 5 Let's start in Brazil.

Speaker 5 Thousands of protesters took to the streets of Bilém on Saturday, where the UN's climate conference COP30 is taking place.

Speaker 5 Activists converged on the Amazonian host city, urging delegates to take more decisive action in the fight against global warming as discussions reach the halfway stage.

Speaker 5 Some of the protesters included indigenous Brazilian communities, youth groups, and climate activists from around the world. Here's what two of them had to say.

Speaker 2 We keep fighting for life. Our struggle is for life, for the life of nature, for the life of the springs, the river sources, so we can have a good planet, a planet that's healthy for everyone.

Speaker 14 I wish world leaders would understand that there is no point in exploiting more oil, more mining, because the forests can no longer endure abuse. The climate is not negotiable.

Speaker 5 The demonstrations outside the conference hall were among the first major protests at a COP summit in four years. Our correspondent, Ionie Wells, was there.

Speaker 15 Thousands and thousands of protesters have turned out on the streets of Berlin. Some are indigenous groups from both here in Brazil but also around the world.

Speaker 15 Others are climate activists getting here to call for various things as we mark halfway through the COP30 climate summit.

Speaker 15 Some of the banners and posters here are calling for a more rapid phase-out of fossil fuels, some calling for reparations from richer nations or even from oil companies, energy companies towards areas that have been damaged by the impacts of climate change.

Speaker 15 This is actually something which we haven't really seen at COP summits over the last couple of years.

Speaker 15 The last ones in Azerbaijan, in Egypt, in the United Arab Emirates, protesters were afraid that they may face arrest, even detention, if they went out on the streets like this.

Speaker 15 Here though in Brazil, this kind of civil action has been something that has been encouraged somewhat by the Brazilian authorities. There have been some protests in and around the conference centre.

Speaker 15 There have been two indigenous protests at the conference centre itself, one of which did break through the security line.

Speaker 15 Here though, the main message from people going in to the final week of COP thirty summer negotiations will be how are they actually going to deliver on some of the promises that have been made at previous COPs.

Speaker 15 This includes things like how are richer nations going to finance poorer nations transition away from fossil fuels and how are some of those wealthier nations as well going to move away from fossil fuels in their energy systems?

Speaker 15 These are things that have been agreed in the past, but now this COP is really about how do they get implemented.

Speaker 5 Ioni Wells. Is Ecuador about to allow US troops on its soil again?

Speaker 5 Well, that question will be answered as the country votes on Sunday in a referendum to decide whether to change change the constitution and allow foreign military bases, which have been banned since 2009.

Speaker 5 President Daniel Naboa has said such bases are key to fighting organized crime, as Ecuador has become a major drug trafficking hub, and the US has launched a military campaign in the region.

Speaker 5 BBC Monitoring's Latin America expert Luis Vajardo told me more.

Speaker 11 President Daniel Navor of Ecuauar had campaigned basically on the issue of security.

Speaker 11 Ecuador has been suffering a great deal of drug-related violence in the last few years, even though it had traditionally been one of the more peaceful countries in the region.

Speaker 11 And the central piece for many people of this referendum is, as you mentioned,

Speaker 11 presenting to the people the option of allowing again U.S. bases in Ecuador.
They had been present for a few years, but a few years ago, a leftist government ordered the removal removal of U.S.

Speaker 11 bases there and a constitutional prohibition, which is now what is being considered for potentially repeal during this referendum.

Speaker 5 And why does the U.S. want bases in Ecuador?

Speaker 11 It is seen as a very important post to try to control drug trafficking. Of course, there has been a lot of recent attention to the U.S.

Speaker 11 military buildup in the Caribbean, in another coast of South America, as part of what the U.S. describes as a counter-narcotics effort there.

Speaker 11 But however, the fact is that most of the cocaine leaving the area lives from the Pacific coast. And Ecuador is a crucial point in this drug trafficking.

Speaker 11 It does not produce a lot of cocaine, but it is next door to Colombia. And a lot of Colombian cocaine uses the Ecuadorian coastline to leave towards markets in North America and eventually in Europe.

Speaker 11 So it is seen as a very important potential point for the U.S. to try to counter this flow of narcotics leaving South America.

Speaker 5 And something that certainly stood out to me, Luis, about this was where it could be built, this base, because there was talk about the Galapagos Islands.

Speaker 5 And obviously, of course, they're ecological treasures. What would that mean for the environment if they were built there?

Speaker 11 Certainly a lot of controversy over that specific point you're mentioning. Of course, Galapagos being a very environmentally sensitive area.

Speaker 11 It is true that during World War II, the United States actually had a military base there.

Speaker 11 At that time, the main issue was trying to exercise surveillance over the area near the Panama Canal, which was, of course, a very sensitive area.

Speaker 11 Now, of course, it is about drug trafficking, and there is a lot of opposition to any possibility of the bases being actually located there in Galapagos.

Speaker 11 There have been many other sites, apparently Manta, which is in the Pacific, in the coastline of Ecuador, and a place where the base, where the U.S.

Speaker 11 base used to be located until 2009, that is talked about as a possible site for the military installations, the U.S. military installations, if they are eventually authorized.

Speaker 11 So there's a lot of resistance. The Ecuador and Presque has also been saying that it is not clear that it would eventually be in Galapagos if the bases are finally allowed in Ecuador.

Speaker 5 And is it likely to pass this referendum?

Speaker 11 Polls say that it is a mixed picture. It is not clear at this point.

Speaker 5 That was Luis Fajardo. Representatives of the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group have signed a new framework for peace in Eastern Congo.

Speaker 5 The agreement was signed in Doha following mediation by Qatari officials with support from the US and African Union. David Bamford reports.

Speaker 17 The fighting caused by the M23's resurgence in eastern Congo has displaced millions. Speaking in Doha, the American Africa envoy Masad Bulos said the framework document covered eight protocols.

Speaker 17 These include a ceasefire, prisoner releases, and ways to ease disputes over resources and ethnic tensions. The agreement does not include any binding commitments.

Speaker 17 Kinshasa is demanding the withdrawal of Rwandan troops from Congolese territory. Kigali says this can happen once the ethnic Hutu FDLR militia that threatens Rwanda is disbanded.

Speaker 5 David Bamford. Protesters in Mexico City have been clashing with police in front of the government palace.

Speaker 5 The rally had been organized by young people angry with the increasing violence, insecurity, and corruption in the country.

Speaker 5 One protester told us the state is dying, while another said it's a country where you can be murdered and nothing happens. Terry Egan reports.

Speaker 16 With a series of high-profile killings, Mexicans say security is the country's most pressing issue.

Speaker 16 Protesters kicked and banged on fortified metal barriers surrounding the National Palace in Mexico City. Security forces have used tear gas to control the crowd.

Speaker 16 People also chanted slogans against President Scheinbaum's party. Marches are also being held in other cities.

Speaker 16 Mexico's government says the march is backed by a paid digital campaign from abroad and by opposition and business figures.

Speaker 16 While youth groups known as Generation Z have been spearheading the rallies, they've also attracted support from other organizations angry about high-profile killings, including the murder of the outspoken anti-crime mayor of Uruapan, Carlos Manso.

Speaker 16 The 40-year-old was gunned down during a public event earlier this month, shocking the entire nation.

Speaker 16 He had been demanding tough action against the armed cartel cartel members who terrorize the country.

Speaker 16 President Schoenbaum has been acting against cartels but resisting calls for another all-out war on drugs. Previous attempts by her predecessors have ended with bloody results.

Speaker 5 Terry Egan. Next.

Speaker 5 That's one of the most famous poems in Iceland put to music. It's from the 13th century.

Speaker 5 And we're playing it because the former Prime Minister, Katrine Jakob Dottir, has told the BBC she's concerned her native language is under threat.

Speaker 5 She said the 350,000 people who speak Icelandic need to do more to fight for its future.

Speaker 18 We have seen radical changes in our society for the last decade or so, simply because of new technologies.

Speaker 18 The younger generation is really surrounded by all sorts of material, mainly in English, because English is of course the lingua franca in this part of the world.

Speaker 18 They're playing video games, they are watching TikTok videos, YouTube stuff, and of course all this is just one click away.

Speaker 18 So I can absolutely understand that it's fascinating and it's good that they learn to speak English.

Speaker 18 However, when we don't have the same amount of material in Icelandic, it's very difficult to compete to preserve the Icelandic language.

Speaker 18 That's really part of our history because Iceland used to be part of the Kingdom of Denmark, a Danish colony, if you like, and and then the Danish language was very influential in Icelandic. So

Speaker 18 there was quite a movement here in Iceland of those who wanted to preserve the Icelandic language and connected it with our fight for independence.

Speaker 18 It's important that we learn other languages too, and not least coming from a small island, we need to understand the rest of the world. But we also need to continue to write in Icelandic.

Speaker 18 You know, I find it more difficult, obviously, to speak English than Icelandic. We talk differently about weather and we talk a lot about weather.

Speaker 18 We use verbs a lot in our language, it's based on using verbs.

Speaker 18 We have a certain tradition of descriptions of people, so there are all sorts of differences between languages, which makes it so beautiful to study them.

Speaker 5 Katrine Jakobs.

Speaker 5 Still to come on this podcast.

Speaker 19 We started setting some particularly awkward questions and very difficult songs on the music round and stuff, and then they were still getting them right.

Speaker 5 How to catch a cheat at a pub quiz.

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Speaker 8 Hi, friends, it's Lizzy the Food Nanny. The holidays are about gathering, loving, and feeding the people who mean the most.

Speaker 8 When you baker cook with my commut flour, you're using one of the purest, most ancient grains on earth, filled with goodness your body can feel. Even your gluten-sensitive guests will thank you.

Speaker 8 This year, cook with confidence and love every bite. Visit thefoodnanny.com and keep cooking.
Your family is worth it.

Speaker 5 Pakistan has one of the highest number of child brides in the world, more than 19 million. But could that change?

Speaker 5 The country's province of Balochistan has passed a new law making child marriages illegal with immediate effect.

Speaker 5 But opposition politicians tore up copies of the bill as it was tabled, claiming it violates Islamic law. Our global affairs correspondent, Anbarasan Atarajan, has been covering the story.

Speaker 5 And he spoke to my colleague, Alex Ritson.

Speaker 12 Now, this comes after years of campaign by civil society activists, government officials, and also various UN agencies.

Speaker 12 And it is being described as a landmark decision because Balochistan itself is a very conservative province where there have been a number of reported cases of child marriages, those who get married at the age of 14, 15.

Speaker 12 This creates huge complications, and we are talking about

Speaker 12 millions of people involved in this. And the UNICEF says it's one of the highest figures in the world.
Now, the local government has passed this bill.

Speaker 12 Now, according to this new law, anyone found to be involved in child marriage, marrying any women below the age of 18, they can be imprisoned up to three years.

Speaker 16 One.

Speaker 12 Number two, it is also applicable to anyone who is arranging the marriage from the family, anyone who facilitates, or even the government officials who register these weddings, they will also face imprisonment as well as fine.

Speaker 12 And the government officials have been instructed to check the identity cards of both males and females before they can register and solemnize the weddings.

Speaker 12 So these are the various rules and they are imposing now and also making it illegal with immediate effect because this is causing a huge problem within the society.

Speaker 12 But it is not without any resistance because opposition parties as well as Islamist parties they were saying saying this was against Islamic law, so that is why there was a lot of opposition.

Speaker 16 This is a prevalent practice. What do ordinary people think of this?

Speaker 12 They see this as a first step towards stopping this practice because you need a legal framework, at least you have the law. This previous law was 1929 during the British colonial era.

Speaker 12 Now both male and female should be 18 years of age. Now, even though the Pakistani government is centrally banned, then each province can have their own laws.

Speaker 12 Sindh province, for example, passed this about 10 years ago on Islamabad earlier this year.

Speaker 12 So it takes time even for a conservative country like Pakistan so that the rules are imposed step by step in various provinces.

Speaker 12 For ordinary people, especially for young girls, this means they can have access to education, they can have access to better health, they can continue to schools and universities.

Speaker 12 And many experts point out what kind of psychological and even physical impacts a child marriage is having, especially in early pregnancies and then complications related to pregnancies.

Speaker 12 And then, once you get married, all your lifetime opportunities come to an end. So, this means a lot for the millions of young girls in Pakistan.

Speaker 5 As if the people of Gaza have not faced enough over the last couple of years, they're now having to cope with heavy rain.

Speaker 5 Over the last 24 hours, the water has got into tents housing displaced Palestinian families, leaving them with soaked bedding and belongings.

Speaker 5 The United Nations spokesperson, Stefan Dajarik, says that Israeli restrictions on getting supplies into Gaza are hampering their ability to help.

Speaker 23 Proper flood prevention requires equipment that is not available in Gaza, including tools to drain waterways from tents and also to clear solid waste and rubble.

Speaker 23 Millions of urgently needed shelter items remain stuck in Jordan, in Egypt and Israel as well, awaiting approval to enter Gaza.

Speaker 23 Since the ceasefire began on October 10th, Israeli authorities have rejected 23 requests from nine of our partners to bring in nearly 4,000 pallets of critical supplies, including tents, sealing and framing kits, bedding, kitchen sets, and blankets.

Speaker 5 Yusra Abu Shirak is the Gaza Coordinator for the International Network for Aid, Relief and Assistance.

Speaker 24 We are in the winter season officially in Gaza, but the intensity of rain was not expected to be like this.

Speaker 24 During the first few minutes of raining, the streets flooded, not only with water, but also with sewage, with the clay, with garbage as well, because the infrastructure of Gaza Strip is destroyed after two years of bombardment and operations.

Speaker 24 It's very bad. People live in tents and makeshifts.
They don't have anything to protect them. They didn't receive tents or tarpaulins to prepare for such a season and such floods.

Speaker 24 And what makes it very difficult is that the situation of people in Gaza is fragile and they are not prepared, not only with tents or the housing, but also with the clothes.

Speaker 24 The children and elderlies and everyone don't have warm or heavy clothes to protect them from the weather conditions.

Speaker 5 Yusra Abu Shirek.

Speaker 5 In an escalation in Colombia, more than 200 dissidents from the FARC rebel group have used gunfire, drones, and explosives to attack a police station.

Speaker 5 Several officers were wounded and dozens of homes and buildings destroyed in the fighting. Our reporter Mimi Swaby told Alex Ritson more.

Speaker 9 This is a massive attack and one which has shocked the country due to the number of militants.

Speaker 9 Fighters from a breakaway faction of a mostly disbanded rebel group stormed the town of Mondomo in Cauca, that's near to Cali, and parts of the Pan American highway are temporarily shut.

Speaker 9 And that is because militants supposedly blocked the highway using trucks, and they also blocked ambulances from trying to respond to the attack by puncturing tyres.

Speaker 9 Police really quickly called for reinforcement. and we understand that some officers have barricaded themselves in the police station.

Speaker 9 So a very scary scene and an eruption of violence, which is not uncommon in the Kauka region.

Speaker 9 This is a kind of traditionally a stronghold for Marxist insurgents and other illegal armed groups, and a hotspot for drug cultivation as well, sparking and fueling that violence.

Speaker 9 But on this scale, really is something we haven't seen in a while.

Speaker 16 These sound almost like military tactics, but FARC was supposed to have been disbanded. What's going on?

Speaker 9 So, the FARC was disbanded under a peace plan after decades-long armed conflict. However, we've seen numerous distant groups come from the FARC.

Speaker 9 So, these smaller groups have splintered off and created their own kind of ideology and policies and fighting techniques and all of that under kind of former FARC ideology and come training as well.

Speaker 9 And they have branched off into multiple areas of the country.

Speaker 9 So, like I said, in Cauca, that really is a stronghold for some groups, but also in the Amazon region and further south, there are many areas across the country.

Speaker 9 And the left-wing president, Gustavo Pedro, a former guerrilla fighter himself, has really been criticised for not doing enough to tackle this violence, which is seemingly on the rise.

Speaker 3 Is this about politics, or is it more about the drugs trade?

Speaker 9 Gustavo Pedro has recently stepped up military action to try and really squash and contain this violence, including airstrikes.

Speaker 9 But these airstrikes have also been condemned for sometimes killing innocent civilians.

Speaker 9 We saw this week alone that six children who are said to be victims of forced recruitment were killed in an anti-guerrilla strike in the southern Amazon region.

Speaker 9 But it's also part of pressure Colombia is facing from the US to crack down on drug trade.

Speaker 9 So, yes, it is politics trying to kind of stop violence as it is terrorizing many communities, just like in Mondomo that we saw this attack on the police station.

Speaker 9 But it does all come down to drug trafficking, drug trading, and groups fighting over control and against the government.

Speaker 5 Mimi Swabi, Pope Leo has hosted some of Hollywood's biggest stars at the Vatican, describing them as pilgrims of the imagination.

Speaker 5 The Pope said films make a valuable contribution in reflecting humanity and inspiring hope, and that his favourites are the sound of music, nuns, of course, and it's a wonderful life.

Speaker 5 Our correspondent Sarah Rainsford sent this report.

Speaker 25 This was a first for the Vatican. A Pope hosting a celebrity crowd from the world of cinema.

Speaker 25 Beneath the stunning frescoes of the Clementine Hall, film stars and directors from Italy itself and from Hollywood. Kate Blanchett, Spike Lee, Monica Bellucci.

Speaker 25 Just some of the names from a long cast list here to meet the first American Pope.

Speaker 25 Leo XIV told his guests that cinema had great power to bring hope and to entertain, but he urged them not to shy away from what he called the world's wounds.

Speaker 3 Good cinema does not exploit pain, it recognises and explores it.

Speaker 3 This is what all the great directors have done. Giving voice to the complex, contradictory, and sometimes dark feelings that dwell in the human heart is an act of love.

Speaker 25 There was a round of applause as he warned against cinemas closing around the world, calling them the beating heart of communities.

Speaker 25 Then came the individual greetings and the gifts.

Speaker 23 I gave the Pope a New York Nick jersey.

Speaker 10 He's the 14th Pope, so it was number 14. This is the first time probably the Hope has ever talked about cinema.
So it was very uplifting.

Speaker 26 It was a bracelet that I wear in solidarity with people who are displaced. His Holiness's words today were a real charge not to shy away from difficult, painful stories.

Speaker 26 And he was talking about tears that often people are unable to shed in their everyday life, as well as laughter. You know, that often happens in the cinema.

Speaker 25 Leo XIV is still stamping his mark on the papacy, but six months in, he is clearly keen to engage. And today, from Hollywood, this was a sprinkling of stardust.

Speaker 5 Sarah Rainsford. Finally, no one likes a cheat, especially when it might cost you money or drinks at the bar.

Speaker 5 Now, one pub in the north of England has banned a team from taking part in their weekly quiz after catching them not playing fair. And the story has spread around the world.

Speaker 5 The newsroom's pub regular, David Lewis, has this report.

Speaker 1 Don't know the capital of Cambodia? Avoid looking it up on your phone. Unsure how many actors have played James Bond? Do not ring your roommate to find out.

Speaker 1 Now one public house, the barking dog in Manchester, has had enough after the same team kept winning and claiming a £30 bar tab. That's about $40.

Speaker 1 Awkward questions were asked. Who were these brainiacs? How did they do it? Was something afoot? And it was impacting, too.
Some regulars gave up and turned it down, costing cash at the bar.

Speaker 1 And then, a clue. Bosses at the Boozer received a tip-off.
An anonymous source told the team what to look for. Then, boom, staff spotted contestants on one table mumbling into their smartwatches.

Speaker 1 Answers sought, illicit info received. Mark Rackham, who owns the pub, told BBC Manchester how the trap was set.

Speaker 19 We started setting some particularly awkward questions and very difficult songs on the music round and stuff and then they were still getting them right.

Speaker 6 What were they like when you actually said, listen, I don't think you're allowed here anymore because we think you're cheating.

Speaker 19 Bang to rights is the phrase that springs to mind. We caught them so solidly, well, and they couldn't do anything other than accept it and take themselves off into hiding, I think.

Speaker 1 Now, the story of the eggheads poached has spread. Reporters from as far as Australia, New Zealand, and Canada have been in touch and covered the story.
But the show must go on.

Speaker 1 A journalist from the BBC popped into the pub for this week's quiz. 17 teams took part, but the scandal looms large.
One returning quiz goer, Jack, was taking extra precautions.

Speaker 1 I didn't wear my smartwatch because I didn't want to be done, he said. Teammate Grace admitted she felt blindsided by the alleged cheats.

Speaker 1 We just thought at first they were incredibly intelligent, she said.

Speaker 5 That was David Lewis.

Speaker 5 And that's all from us for now, but there will be a new edition of the Global News podcast later. If you want to comment on this podcast or the topics covered in it, you can send us an email.

Speaker 5 The address is globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk. You can also find us on X at BBC World Service use the hashtag globalnewspod.
This edition was mixed by Rebecca Miller. The editor is Karen Martin.

Speaker 5 I'm Charlotte Gallagher. Until next time, goodbye.

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