Brazil's Bolsonaro begins jail term

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Speaker 6 This is the global news podcast from the BBC World Service.

Speaker 6 I'm Janet Jalil, and in the early hours of Wednesday, the 26th of November, these are our main stories. Brazil's former president, Jaebolsonaro, begins a 27-year prison sentence for a coup attempt.

Speaker 6 Italy's parliament has unanimously voted to make femicide a stand-alone crime punishable by life imprisonment.

Speaker 6 Also in this podcast, a Popemobile belonging to Pope Francis is transformed to help children in Gaza and he certainly was a spy.

Speaker 7 He didn't like the word but he worked in British intelligence.

Speaker 6 We hear how the children's author Roald Dahl led a double life.

Speaker 6 We start this podcast in Brazil, where just days after the former president Jaya Bolsonaro was moved from house arrest to a police cell for an alleged attempt to remove his ankle monitor, he has now been ordered to begin serving a 27-year sentence by a Supreme Court judge.

Speaker 6 The 70-year-old far-right leader was convicted in September of plotting a coup after he failed to win re-election three years ago. Mr.

Speaker 6 Bolsonaro is serving his sentence at the same police headquarters in Brasilia, where he was taken into custody on Saturday after a judge deemed him a flight risk.

Speaker 6 He won't have contact with other prisoners, instead living in a small room with a private bathroom, a television, air conditioning and a mini fridge.

Speaker 6 A group of Bolsonaro supporters gathered outside the police headquarters.

Speaker 8 I'm absolutely outraged.

Speaker 10 The best president of our lives. What the judge and that whole gang of his are doing to Volsonaro is an injustice.
He's an upright, honest man, a family man.

Speaker 10 The left has turned everything upside down. This is political persecution.

Speaker 6 In stark contrast, a nearby group of Brazilians cheered and waved champagne bottles, saying they'd waited a long time for justice.

Speaker 12 Today is a day when we can finally breathe and say that we continue to stand in defence of democracy. A democracy that is so young, yet one we refuse to give up.

Speaker 6 Our reporter, Mimi Suebe, told me it was an ignominious end to a very colourful career.

Speaker 12 It is certainly a dramatic fall from Grace. This was a president who fired up Brazil's right wing and reshaped the kind of political landscape.

Speaker 12 Those against him will remember his four-year presidency as fuelling environmental devastation, being the cause for thousands of Brazilians dying due to his COVID denial, as well as hostility towards minorities.

Speaker 12 Whereas his supporters, who are outraged by the sentencing and the fact that he will serve time in prison or his form of prison, called it a witch hunt against him and referred to him as South America's Donald Trump.

Speaker 12 A very divisive career that came to an end with a plot which involved a plan to assassinate Lula de Silva, his rival.

Speaker 12 It failed after military chiefs refused to partake in it, and the court later convicted him, as well as his accomplices, of trying to annihilate Brazilian democracy and plunge the country back into dictatorship.

Speaker 6 And this comes despite his close ally, Donald Trump, imposing 50% tariffs on Brazilian imports in an attempt to keep Mr. Bolsonaro out of prison, an attempt that now seems to have failed.

Speaker 12 Yes, President Trump used his political and economic might to try and influence the trial of Jer Bolsonaro.

Speaker 12 He put sanctions on the top judges, as well as put really hefty 50% tariffs on Brazilian products. Those have now gone down to 40%, but still very, very significant.

Speaker 12 I'm sure the far right in Brazil and the right-wing more generally will be looking to President Trump to try and help his ally not serve as much jail time or serve it in his special room in the police HQ in Brasilia.

Speaker 6 But Mr. Bolsonaro had been under house arrest, but then it appears that there was some kind of attempt to escape, escape, although he denies this.
Tell us more about that.

Speaker 12 So, this is an incredible turn of events. He was under house arrest, had been since August, and on Saturday he was arrested.

Speaker 12 It came to light that he had tried to solder off his ankle monitor using a really hot iron.

Speaker 12 And he said it was medicine-induced, he was having hallucinations that were making him really paranoid, and he thought the ankle monitor was eavesdropping on his conversations.

Speaker 12 In court, he later said that he came to his senses very quickly and he had no intention to flee, although this was enough for the court to kind of dismiss an appeal attempt and deem him a flight risk and therefore put him in custody, awaiting the sentence that we've seen now.

Speaker 6 So is this the end of the road for Mr. Bolsonaro?

Speaker 12 According to the Supreme Court, yes, there is no longer any availability for appeals. There are no more changes.
This is final. However, Mr.

Speaker 12 Bolsonaro's lawyers say they definitely will appeal, despite the court refusing any further challenges. And it's expected that they're going to insist on trying to transfer him back to house arrest.

Speaker 12 They're going to cite his precarious health after being stabbed in 2018 as well as his

Speaker 6 failed assassination attempt.

Speaker 12 The failed assassination attempt as well as his age.

Speaker 12 And analysts quite widely on both sides of the political spectrum expect that Bolsonaro will serve some time in his prison cell, in his kind of special room in that headquarters, but perhaps not all of it.

Speaker 12 It's expected that he will at some point go to house arrest and serve out some remaining time, whatever that may look like, under house arrest, which that is what he is pushing for and sees as the most likely option.

Speaker 6 Mimi Srebe.

Speaker 6 In our previous edition, we covered the alarming scale of femicide globally, a murder where the motivation is gender-related.

Speaker 6 UN data reveals that 50,000 women and girls worldwide were killed by partners or family members in 2024. That's the equivalent of one woman or girl being killed every 10 minutes.

Speaker 6 Now, Italy's parliament has voted unanimously to approve a landmark bill that makes femicide a stand-alone crime punishable by life imprisonment.

Speaker 6 There are critics who say the legislation won't work and that Italy needs serious investment in education to reform a deeply patriarchal society.

Speaker 6 But it is one of few countries in Europe to introduce a femicide law. Sarah Rainsford reports from Rome.

Speaker 14 There's a colourful gathering of people here around the fountain in the centre of Piazza della Repubblica.

Speaker 14 You can see lots of women in pink scarves, people setting off flares, pink and purple puffs of smoke heading up into the sky.

Speaker 14 This is a march against violence against women, and particularly against femicide, the murder of women because of their gender.

Speaker 14 It's not that the numbers are so much higher in Italy, but this is a rare issue that gets broad political consensus. So the government came up with a law against femicide.

Speaker 14 Judge Paolo di Niccola is one of the authors.

Speaker 14 And this is now Italy's definition of femicide.

Speaker 14 The murder of a woman driven by hatred, discrimination, or the desire to control because she's a woman.

Speaker 9 Talking of such crimes as rooted in exasperated love or strong jealousy is a distortion.

Speaker 9 That uses romantic, culturally acceptable terms.

Speaker 9 This law means we will be the first in Europe to reveal the real motivation of the perpetrators, which are hierarchy and power.

Speaker 1 It's important to introduce the word femicide.

Speaker 14 Gino Checatin's daughter Julia was murdered two years ago by an ex-boyfriend. He wouldn't accept that their relationship was over.
Filippo lured Julia to a remote spot and then stabbed her repeatedly.

Speaker 14 He said he killed her so that no one else could have her.

Speaker 14 Julia's sister then made a speech in which Elena called him not a monster but a healthy son of a deeply patriarchal society.

Speaker 17 From that moment on, we started to talk a lot in Italy about this.

Speaker 14 Gino likes the new law, but his focus is elsewhere. There is no sex education in Italy, and Gino wants that and emotional education in all schools here.

Speaker 17 What happened to Filippo and Giulia is underlining what important is to manage emotion because if you feel everything black while your girlfriend has split it up, you are in serious trouble because you cannot handle this emotion.

Speaker 17 And that comes to the worst decision you can do.

Speaker 14 I just stepped into an exhibition space here in Rome. The exhibits here shows a mother with the mop, man with bottles of beer on the table and the remote control.

Speaker 14 There's also a speaker playing out wolf whistles and cat calls.

Speaker 14 And there's a display in the corner which is about femicide.

Speaker 15 We are in the Museum of Patriarchy. This is Museum of the Future when equality between women and male are succeeded.
At this time

Speaker 15 also the violence is not a problem.

Speaker 14 So this is when all of these problems are in a museum because they're part of history.

Speaker 15 Yeah yeah yeah yeah. There are a lot of forms of violence, like a pyramid.
We have to start to deconstruct and destroy the base to destroy the worst problem, the feminist it.

Speaker 14 When you talk to women here about the femicide law, they all say that this is a phenomenon which comes from society and that it is society itself where there needs to be changes.

Speaker 14 And this museum, I guess, encapsulates many of the problems that people here see. Not unique to Italy, but certainly on many of the indices of gender equality, Italy is pretty low down the list.

Speaker 14 The final votes in Parliament came after hours of passionate speeches, but not a debate. They all agreed.
The yes vote was unanimous.

Speaker 14 From now on, those found guilty of killing women because they are women will face a life sentence, and every single femicide will be properly recorded and counted.

Speaker 6 Sarah Rainsford. A Pope Mobile that belonged to the late Pope Francis has been turned into a mobile medical clinic to be deployed to treat children in Gaza.
The Pope's final wish.

Speaker 6 Aid workers say the vehicle is capable of treating around 200 children per day, but it's unclear when it will be allowed to enter the territory.

Speaker 6 Our Middle East correspondent Yoland Nell went to Bethlehem in the occupied West Bank to see the newly converted vehicle.

Speaker 20 Back in 2014, Pope Francis was greeted by thousands of well-wishers as he was driven through the streets of Bethlehem in his customized Pope Mobile.

Speaker 20 He gave a huge open-air mass for Christians of the Holy Land in Manger Square.

Speaker 20 And then, for the past decade, the Pope Mobile stood as a memento of that day outside a nearby ice cream store. Until now,

Speaker 20 it was one of the dying wishes of the late Pope that his iconic vehicle should be turned into a mobile clinic for children in Gaza.

Speaker 20 It's been kitted out with medical supplies and even has a small fridge for storing medicines and an oxygen unit. Alastair Dutton is from the Catholic aid agency Caratas, which carried out the work.

Speaker 22 It's a serious medical facility to provide healthcare for children, but I think it's also symbolic in terms of offering a symbol of hope.

Speaker 20 The tiny Christian community of Gaza was close to the heart of Pope Francis. He telephoned displaced parishioners living at the Catholic Church there nearly every day during the war.

Speaker 20 He repeatedly called for a ceasefire, but didn't live to see the truce that's now taken hold. His idea was that his Pope Mobile would show how much he cared and would be part of his legacy.

Speaker 20 Church leaders say they're now working on getting the Pope Mobile to Gaza as soon as possible.

Speaker 6 Yolan Nell, to a story now which has gripped New Zealand.

Speaker 6 It all started when a couple successfully bid in an online auction for the contents of an abandoned storage facility in Auckland three years ago.

Speaker 6 What they didn't know was that those contents included a suitcase which contained a terrible secret, the remains of two young children murdered four years previously.

Speaker 6 Now the mother of those two children, Hak Young Lee, originally from South Korea, has been sentenced to life in prison for their murder after her plea of insanity was rejected.

Speaker 6 With more, here's Aziz Al-Safin, a reporter for our New Zealand partners, TBNZ, in Auckland.

Speaker 21 This has been really two years in the making.

Speaker 21 In a case that has really shocked the country, 45-year-old Lee was found guilty of murdering her two children earlier this year, seven-year-old Yuna and six-year-old Minu.

Speaker 21 The killings actually took place in 2018, but the bodies weren't discovered until 2022, four years later.

Speaker 21 That was because the contents of a storage unit, which had a suitcase containing the human remains of those children, were discovered by buyers who had bought those contents in an online auction.

Speaker 21 As you can imagine, one that shocked many people. And of course, this triggered an international investigation, by which point Lee had already fled New Zealand.

Speaker 21 She was living in South Korea at the time, but was later extradited to New Zealand to face trial. Now, much of the trial and sentencing, even today, Lee showed little to no emotion.

Speaker 21 Her head just bowed down as her sentence was read out: life imprisonment with a non-parole period of 17 years.

Speaker 6 New Zealand reporter Aziz Al-Safin.

Speaker 6 Still to come on the Global News podcast.

Speaker 18 Today's ruling doesn't introduce marriage equality in Poland, but it's the start of a new chapter in the ongoing struggle for equal rights.

Speaker 6 The EU's top court rules that same-sex marriages must be respected throughout the bloc.

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Speaker 6 The BBC has spoken to refugees from Mali who have shared shocking testimonies of alleged war crimes committed by Russia's Wagner Group.

Speaker 6 Eyewitness accounts allege that civilians were brutally tortured and executed in central Mali's military bases.

Speaker 6 Our reporter, Thomas Nardi, has spoken to survivors who are now seeking refuge in eastern Mauritania. And just to warn you, his report contains graphic descriptions.

Speaker 11 In the scorching heat of Mauritania's Embera refugee camp, Ahmed, a shopkeeper in his early 40s, finds solence in a simple ritual.

Speaker 11 Clad in a traditional all-black outfit and tuban, he prepares local tea under a makeshift shade.

Speaker 11 But behind his calm demeanor lies a harrowing story. He claims he was arrested alongside a student and allegedly tortured by Wagner mercenaries.

Speaker 27 They took us to a military base.

Speaker 27 The commander called Hamza came out and pointed at me.

Speaker 27 He turned to a Wagner soldier and signaled him to behead me.

Speaker 27 Pointed at the student and turned to another Wagner mercenary and signaled him to behead the student.

Speaker 27 They took us to a hangar.

Speaker 11 They had suspected his boss, the shop owner, of collaborating with jihadis.

Speaker 11 The Malian army base, situated near the village of Nampala in central Mali, where Ahmed was detained, is also home to Russian mercenaries.

Speaker 11 Many atrocities, including torture and executions, allegedly took place in the camp.

Speaker 27 Inside the hangar, they brought two men and beheaded them in my presence.

Speaker 27 One was holding the man, and the other, called Andre, pinned his head to the ground with his knee and brought out a knife and beheaded him.

Speaker 27 They brought the body closer to me to smell the fresh blood and said if you do not tell us the whereabouts of a shop owner, you will suffer a similar fate.

Speaker 11 The Mbera refugee camp is home to over 100,000 refugees from Mali, most of them women and children. I'm currently at the Mbera refugee camp in Mauritania.

Speaker 11 The camp is made up of mostly tent shelters and has a surprisingly serene atmosphere, considering the trauma many have endured.

Speaker 11 As someone who has ever lived in an IDP camp in northern Ghana due to conflict, this place brings back painful memories.

Speaker 11 But what's striking is that many refugees here are fleeing alleged atrocities committed by Russian mercenaries and jihadists.

Speaker 11 35-year-old Bintu, clad in a blue dress and wearing a hijab, seeks refuge and a new beginning in the camp.

Speaker 11 She lost her husband last year to alleged Russian mercenary brutality in central Mali.

Speaker 11 Now, as a single mother of five, she faces an uncertain future.

Speaker 28 Who is going to look after my children? Who is going to look after me?

Speaker 28 When I hear the name Wagner, I feel traumatized. I feel afraid.
I hate the word Wagner because they have brought sadness to me.

Speaker 11 Wagner mercenaries were deployed to Mali in 2021 to support the gentle-fight jihadists and separatist rebels.

Speaker 11 But Human Rights Watch has accused them of rights violations because of their brutal tactics.

Speaker 11 Hussein was tending to his flock and says he was suddenly seized by Wagner mercenaries and taken to a military base in Liri in central Mali.

Speaker 11 He recounts being locked in a metal shipping container with no ventilation alongside his friends.

Speaker 5 They dragged us into an office and beat us until we fainted. When I woke up, my hands were tied to my friend's hands.

Speaker 5 They brought a motorbike close to my face, ref the engine, and blew exhaust in my nose. To wake me up fully, they did the same to my friend, but he didn't respond.

Speaker 5 That's when they realized he was dead.

Speaker 11 Thousands of Malian refugees continue to cross the border into neighboring Mauritania. Malian army and Russian mercenary bases are just a few kilometers across the border.

Speaker 11 And as the violence escalates, thousands are fleeing for their lives. The UNACR says it has recorded atrocities committed by various armed groups in Mali, including the Wagner group.

Speaker 11 Kaya Sukru, the UNACR representative in Mauritania, says they are providing them with psychological and legal assistance as many want justice.

Speaker 23 Many of them come with that horrific violence that they have endured, either at the checkpoints on the road at their homes.

Speaker 23 Some of them are directly targeted, some of them simply in a place where the villages and other places where the fighting is very close.

Speaker 11 Wagner ended its mission in Mali in June this year, but many of the soldiers are still part of the newly formed African Corps, now under the control of Russia's Ministry of Defence.

Speaker 11 The BBC has approached Russia's and Mali's defence ministries for comment, but they have not yet responded.

Speaker 6 That report was by Thomas Nadi.

Speaker 6 The European Union's top court has ruled that same-sex marriages must be respected throughout the EU after a high-profile case in Poland.

Speaker 6 LGBT campaigners have welcomed it as a step forward in the fight for equality. Our reporter, Anna Aslam, has the details.

Speaker 8 The case in Poland centers around two men who tied the knot in Germany in 2018. And when they moved back home, they requested their marriage certificate to be registered there.

Speaker 8 But the request was refused on the ground that Polish law does not allow marriage between persons of the same sex. Pavel Knut is the couple's lawyer.

Speaker 18 The complainants have known each other for nearly 20 years. They met in Poland and moved to Germany due to professional commitments where they got married.
They've been wed for almost 10 years.

Speaker 18 They've now returned to Poland and and want to continue their family life.

Speaker 8 On Tuesday, the European Court of Justice ruled in the couple's favor.

Speaker 8 The judge said all EU citizens have the right to live anywhere in the block and lead a normal family life.

Speaker 8 And so, Poland's refusal to recognize the marriage infringes not only the freedom to move and reside, but also the fundamental right to respect for private and family life.

Speaker 8 The court noted this ruling did not require member states to allow marriage between between people of the same sex in their national laws, but they're not allowed to discriminate when recognizing foreign marriages.

Speaker 8 The case now returns to Poland, where the men are expecting to receive their long-awaited marriage certificate with the Polish eagle emblem. Pavel Knut said it's a historic day.

Speaker 18 Today's ruling doesn't introduce marriage equality in Poland, we need to be clear about that, but it does require recognition of these foreign marriages so that spouses can claim the rights and obligations that, under various rulings of international courts, already belong to them.

Speaker 18 It's the start of a new chapter in the ongoing struggle for equal rights.

Speaker 8 LGBT campaigners in Poland have welcomed the ruling. It's expected to lead to a surge in other couples bringing their cases to City Hall.

Speaker 8 Prime Minister Donald Tusk's government has been working on a bill to regulate civil partnerships, including same-sex unions, but his coalition has been held back by resistance from conservative partners.

Speaker 8 Several officials blasted the ECJ's ruling as an assault on Polish sovereignty.

Speaker 8 Traditionally Catholic, Poland has yet to undertake the social and secular reforms implemented since the early 2000s in the rest of the region.

Speaker 8 It's one of the last remaining European countries still to legalise marriage or civil unions for same-sex couples.

Speaker 6 Anna Aslam. Now, if I mentioned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda or the BFG, one of the world's best-known children's authors, Roald Dahl, will probably spring to mind.

Speaker 6 But did you know he also wrote the screenplay for a James Bond film after forming a close friendship with Bond author Ian Fleming during the Second World War when they were both spies?

Speaker 6 A new exhibition here in the UK is exploring Dahl's lesser-known Bond career, displaying a rare first-draft manuscript of You Only Live Twice, the 1967 movie starring Sean Connery.

Speaker 6 Sophie Law went to meet the Roald Dahl Museum's head of collections, Will Phillips, to find out more.

Speaker 7 Roald knew Ian Fleming. He was good friends with him.
They met during the war when they both worked in British intelligence.

Speaker 7 After the war, when Rold developed his career as a writer, he did work in screenwriting, so that's really where Roald's wonderful imagination came in.

Speaker 7 You know, and he was given free reign, apart from keeping the title of the book, Blofeld as the villain, Bond as the character, and a few other minor points. He was told he could do anything with it.

Speaker 7 And so he brought a lot of, you know, this is the space age era, so you get that focus in the film.

Speaker 7 That space age storyline, the kind of technological advancements, but also the anxieties of the 1960s are coming through quite strongly in Dahl's storyline.

Speaker 19 And I wonder what he drew from his own experience. We know that he maybe had a bit of

Speaker 19 spying or certainly something secret going on during his own war experience.

Speaker 7 I mean, he certainly did. The details of his career during the war in British intelligence is shrouded in mystery, of course, but he certainly was a spy.

Speaker 7 He didn't like the word, but he worked in British intelligence. But before that, he was a fighter pilot, you know, in the RAF.
He had experience in aerial combat.

Speaker 7 So the iconic scene of Bond flying little Nelly and being attacked in the air is like something out of Dahl's own life. He must have drawn on his experience during the war.

Speaker 7 The description he gives in his autobiography, Going Solo, of coming under attack during the war, is quite exhilarating to read.

Speaker 7 And I think he must have been channelling some of that energy into the script when he wrote that scene. When I read the first draft, the description of Tanaka, the head of the Japanese Secret Service,

Speaker 7 there's a whiff of Willy Wonka.

Speaker 7 Charlie the Chocolate Factory was published in 1964, so just a couple of years before, and it's just the sense you get of Tanaka in this first draft where he's kind of described as flamboyant and he's sort of obsessed with tricks and gadgets and there's a slight kind of mischievous danger to him.

Speaker 7 Okay, mind the step. Thank you.

Speaker 19 So for fans of Dahl's work, it looks... just like what you'd expect to see from him the yellow paper, the pencil scribble.

Speaker 19 You know, how important a piece is this in the jigsaw of understanding him?

Speaker 7 I'd say it's very important because most people tend to think of Roald Dahl as a children's writer. So it's really nice for us to throw a light on some of his other writing work that is lesser known.

Speaker 7 And a brand like the Bond franchise is so enormous. There are so many fans out there.
You know, we're here based in the tiny English village where Roald Dahl lived and worked his whole career.

Speaker 7 And so it's nice for us to connect with the global audience that is James Bond fandom.

Speaker 6 The Roald Dahl Museum's head of collections, Will Phillips, speaking to Sophie Law about the multi-talented author.

Speaker 6 And that's all from us for now, but there will be a new edition of the Global News podcast later. If you want to comment on this podcast, you can send us an email.

Speaker 6 The address is globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk. This edition was mixed by Rosenwyn Dorel.
The producers were Chantal Hartle and Stephanie Zachwissen. The editor is Karen Martin.
I'm Janet Jalil.

Speaker 6 Until next time, goodbye.

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