162: Brown noise

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Speaker 5 From Answer in Progress, Taha Khan, welcome. Hello.

Speaker 4 How are you doing after the last last few months since you were on the show I'm doing great I still haven't uploaded a video

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Speaker 4 Well, also desperately not trying to stop you uploading videos. Melissa Fernandez, welcome back to the show.

Speaker 5 Hello.

Speaker 4 I've just realized I haven't asked you to explain what Answer in Progress is. So I'm going to throw to you to answer that question.
What's the channel? What are you you doing?

Speaker 2 Oh dear, oh dear.

Speaker 2 Answer in Progress is a YouTube channel where we learn stuff about the world.

Speaker 5 We've been doing this for five years, Miles.

Speaker 4 Also, joining us,

Speaker 4 the other third of Answer in Progress, which I didn't mean to sound as derogatory as it probably came out,

Speaker 5 Sabrina Cruz. Welcome back to the show.

Speaker 3 Hello, it's me, Sabrina Cruz, the other third.

Speaker 6 We're good at this, professionals as we are.

Speaker 4 Well, good luck to all three of you on the show today. We can't progress any answers unless we ask some questions of our own.
So here is question one. Thank you to Trevor Cashmore for this question.

Speaker 4 Brown Noise and Taco Bell have something in common with Main Street in San Francisco.

Speaker 5 What is it?

Speaker 4 I'll say that again. Brown Noise and Taco Bell have something in common with Main Street, San Francisco.
What is it?

Speaker 6 They were both invented there. Next Next question.

Speaker 4 Main Street was invented in. I mean, technically, Main Street San Francisco was invented in San Francisco.
Yes, I'll give you that. That is not quite what we're looking for.

Speaker 3 Oh man, it's really throwing me off saying Taco Bell.

Speaker 5 Saying what?

Speaker 3 The pronunciation of Taco Bell really threw me off for some reason.

Speaker 4 How did I mispronounce Taco Bell?

Speaker 5 Taco Bell. Taco.

Speaker 6 Every time we say it, I'm going to say Taco Bell.

Speaker 6 So, so Taco Bell.

Speaker 6 I mean, how do you want me to say it? Anyway, Taco Bell and I'm going to put a different vowel in there every time now.

Speaker 5 Yeah, yeah.

Speaker 4 So, Tico Ball.

Speaker 6 Tico Ball and Brown Noise don't have, they aren't related to each other in any way, but they're related to them. They're all related to Main Street.

Speaker 5 Oh,

Speaker 4 they are all related.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 3 Siblings. So it's like a challenger situation.

Speaker 6 I retract my siblings comment.

Speaker 5 Oh, my God.

Speaker 2 So, Brown noise. Let's describe it.
Yeah.

Speaker 3 Buzz.

Speaker 5 That was so off-surrent.

Speaker 2 That was not a brown noise sound.

Speaker 3 Wait, is brown noise like high-pitched?

Speaker 6 No, no, no, it's lower. It's deeper than white noise.

Speaker 3 I tried to go deep.

Speaker 5 Buzz.

Speaker 6 Yeah, but it's more like,

Speaker 5 you know?

Speaker 2 Yeah, it's more like fizzy sounding, but not like a high fizzy sounding. It's like a

Speaker 2 yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

Speaker 3 That was very good.

Speaker 6 Sorry for the mouth noises.

Speaker 4 What is What is a podcast but mouth noises?

Speaker 5 Yeah.

Speaker 2 They all kind of sound like they sizzle. I wonder if Main Street sizzles.

Speaker 6 Oh,

Speaker 6 the problem is: one is an audio, one is a company, and the other is a place.

Speaker 3 I feel like brown noise. Here's the thing, right? These noises, pink noise, brown noise, white noise.
When did they get names? They're just noises.

Speaker 2 Spotify.

Speaker 4 If you knew that, that would be a big clue to this question.

Speaker 6 So they got names

Speaker 5 because

Speaker 6 of Silicon Valley.

Speaker 6 And Main Street is in Silicon Valley.

Speaker 5 Oh.

Speaker 6 So we just need to connect Taco Bell to

Speaker 6 Silicon Valley.

Speaker 3 Steve Jobs.

Speaker 2 Love Taco Bell.

Speaker 3 AI.

Speaker 2 Wait, maybe you're onto something.

Speaker 6 Well, I think they're white noise, brown noise.

Speaker 6 These are noises

Speaker 6 that need to be clapped. Why would noises need to be named?

Speaker 3 Well, it feels like, you know, like the Zen Buddhism movement when it like really hit North America, it feels like it was just a marketing thing, you know?

Speaker 3 It was like some everybody wrote a bunch of books and they were trying to sell you something. They were trying to sell you on noise.

Speaker 3 Same marketing company named all three of them. It was all mad men.

Speaker 4 There is an element to what you're saying that's right. It's not some marketing company, but we we are talking about the names here.

Speaker 4 You picked that out quite quickly.

Speaker 6 Okay, let's think about this.

Speaker 6 Why is.

Speaker 6 Okay, Main Street is the Main Street.

Speaker 6 Taco Bell sells tacos.

Speaker 6 And Brown Noise

Speaker 6 is brown.

Speaker 5 Is it?

Speaker 5 It's noise.

Speaker 4 It's not brown.

Speaker 4 It's a noise. It doesn't have a colour.

Speaker 6 What about for synesthetics?

Speaker 5 No, this is a stretch.

Speaker 5 Yeah, why does it hold brown noise?

Speaker 4 If you can answer that, Sabrina, you'll have the question.

Speaker 3 Well, it's like Brownian motion. Where does brown appear in the world?

Speaker 4 Do you know those are connected, or was that just a name out of the blue?

Speaker 3 It's a name out of the blue.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 4 Okay, so brown noise is based on Brownian motion. It's based on that sort of random walk.
Okay. White noise is just every frequency randomly.

Speaker 6 Whitey and noise.

Speaker 4 Pink noise is certain frequencies. Brown noise is based on random motion and Brownian motion.

Speaker 2 What is it? You said it. What does that mean?

Speaker 3 He said it was a random walk.

Speaker 5 Trust.

Speaker 4 Yeah, it's the random movement of particles and things like that. It's Brownian motion.

Speaker 2 Well, you can walk on a street.

Speaker 5 Yeah. Ooh.

Speaker 3 Can Brownian motion describe

Speaker 3 the foot traffic or the car traffic on Main Street.

Speaker 4 If you can link this to Taco Bell as well, I'll be really impressed.

Speaker 3 The frequency of your bowel movement.

Speaker 4 I can give you a fourth example, if you like, which is German chocolate cake.

Speaker 3 Black forest cake.

Speaker 5 Mm-hmm.

Speaker 6 That's a German chocolate cake. I actually don't know if that's true.

Speaker 4 I mean, it is a chocolate cake from Germany, but no, I said German chocolate cake.

Speaker 2 That's different. That is different.

Speaker 4 You've gone away from the names here. You really did drill down on the names early and then seem to have forgotten about it.

Speaker 6 I think all we need to do is figure out the... What is the bell in Taco Bell referring to? Maybe it's.

Speaker 3 It's the bell in the logo.

Speaker 6 Yeah, but why is there a bell? It's a sound.

Speaker 6 But then what about Main Street?

Speaker 3 Well, it seems like it would be the Main Street. They're like, they are named after a component of them, like a primary feature.
Because like a Main Street is usually

Speaker 3 the Main Street.

Speaker 4 And I don't know if you've been to San Francisco, but main street is not the main street.

Speaker 4 Market Street is the main street in San Francisco.

Speaker 3 How do you decide what the main street is?

Speaker 2 You know what? There is a main street in Toronto. Is it anywhere close to the part of downtown?

Speaker 3 Girl, you know it's not the main street because I didn't even know there was a main street in Toronto.

Speaker 5 Taco, okay, what?

Speaker 6 Okay, but we don't. Okay.

Speaker 4 You asked, where did the bell come from in Taco Bell? If you knew that, that would be a very easy answer to this question.

Speaker 7 Alexander Graham Bell.

Speaker 5 Bro invented the phone and tacos.

Speaker 6 The bell in Taco Bell.

Speaker 6 Is it the bell in the town square? I'm trying to just visualize the bell. Or is it a cowbell?

Speaker 3 They were all founded at Stanford.

Speaker 2 It's like a...

Speaker 5 It's like a...

Speaker 2 The bell is like, is round on... Looks like a bell that you would put on a tree.

Speaker 4 That is not where Taco Bell gets its name from. The bell? Not from a bell.
Well, sort of from a bell, just not from a bell.

Speaker 5 A physical bell.

Speaker 6 What about a human bell?

Speaker 5 Like a person called

Speaker 6 John Bell.

Speaker 4 Keep going, keep going, Taha. He was called Glenn Bell.

Speaker 6 Glenn Bell.

Speaker 6 Brownian motion was invented by Something Brown. Robert Brown.

Speaker 5 Something Brown. Robert Brown.

Speaker 6 Yeah, yeah. Mr.
Brown, Mr. Bell, and Mr.
Maine.

Speaker 4 Mr. Main.
Absolutely right. 19th century businessman, Charles Main,

Speaker 4 and German chocolate cake.

Speaker 3 And Mr. Chocolate Cake.

Speaker 6 Mr. German.

Speaker 4 Yes, American chocolate maker Samuel German.

Speaker 5 Oh my god. Shut up.

Speaker 6 That needs to be banned. Get out of here.
This is false advertising. Yes.

Speaker 4 Brown Noise, Taco Bell, Main Street, and German Chocolate Cake are all named after the surnames of their, not necessarily their inventor, but they're named after people.

Speaker 5 I'm genuinely outraged by this novel.

Speaker 4 Would you like something to be even more outraged by?

Speaker 4 The Outer Bridge crossing that leads to Staten Island in New York. It is named after Eugenius Outerbridge.

Speaker 5 Shut up, oh my gosh.

Speaker 5 Shout out.

Speaker 6 To be honest, he achieved his life mission.

Speaker 5 Wow, yeah.

Speaker 6 He was born on this world to create an outer bridge and he did it.

Speaker 5 Wow. That's ridiculous.

Speaker 3 Wow.

Speaker 4 Taha, your question whenever you're ready.

Speaker 5 All right.

Speaker 6 This question has been sent in by Alison.

Speaker 6 A teenager is carrying a whole head of broccoli on a tray. Two other volunteers are doing the same thing.

Speaker 6 Why?

Speaker 6 I'll say that again. A teenager is carrying a whole head of broccoli on a tray.

Speaker 6 Two other volunteers are doing the same thing.

Speaker 6 Why?

Speaker 3 The broccoli queen.

Speaker 5 The what?

Speaker 5 Wait, why is that right? Have you guys not had like a corn queen, you know, broccoli equivalent of that?

Speaker 3 Sorry, I said that with so much confidence.

Speaker 5 Right. I really thought someone would have.
I know what you're talking about.

Speaker 4 Dang. There is a vague memory in my head of like the Iowa State Fair having a butter queen or something like that.
Exactly.

Speaker 4 It's the local produce and they pick some local teenage girl to be the face of the product for that year.

Speaker 3 Perfect. Exactly.

Speaker 3 But not for broccoli, in my opinion.

Speaker 2 I don't think that's what's happening here, judging by...

Speaker 3 Unlocking it.

Speaker 5 There's disdain on his face.

Speaker 2 I think they are volunteers at a kids' camp. I think

Speaker 2 they are bringing broccoli to children for a game or to force them to eat more vegetables because there are so many children that are only eating popsicles and ice cream sandwiches.

Speaker 5 that they need a little broccoli.

Speaker 3 It's really targeted there at the end. Yeah.

Speaker 4 Forced, doing a lot of work in that sentence.

Speaker 4 My connection was simply teenagers and broccoli is the broccoli haircut that is currently popular.

Speaker 4 Well, I'm sorry, I'm the only one to get the reference that's mocking Gen Z's haircuts. Okay, fine.

Speaker 5 Yeah, so also

Speaker 4 frankly, a strong, a strong insult from someone who looks like this. So, you know what? I'll retract that.

Speaker 5 What I'm learning is that he's having his own battle in the corner.

Speaker 5 We didn't say anything. We just stared at him.
Yeah.

Speaker 6 Anyway,

Speaker 6 Tom is so traumatized of us making fun of his age that he, before we even start, he goes, fine, fine, I get it.

Speaker 6 Okay, so this broccoli was not for consumption. You know, they aren't at a restaurant.
Oh.

Speaker 6 My favorite part about this question is in the sources section, it says personal anecdote from the person who sent in the question.

Speaker 6 Who is Allison? Okay.

Speaker 2 Allison, what did you do?

Speaker 4 Was Allison an observer of this, or was Alison one of the broccoli carriers?

Speaker 5 One of the broccoli carriers.

Speaker 5 So Allison was

Speaker 6 having a backstage tour

Speaker 6 of a place and noticed this happening.

Speaker 3 The broccoli was not meant to be eaten.

Speaker 3 The broccoli

Speaker 5 was there to be a placeholder.

Speaker 5 Oh!

Speaker 2 a placeholder.

Speaker 5 Oh, were they.

Speaker 2 Wait a second. Were they training to be butlers?

Speaker 6 They were definitely practicing for something.

Speaker 4 Okay, so what is the broccoli standing in for? This is a rehearsal for something.

Speaker 4 It's something expensive

Speaker 4 and irreplaceable and.

Speaker 4 But why are they using a head of broccoli instead? What looks like.

Speaker 3 It's like compact but weirdly dense, you know?

Speaker 6 So this was in preparation for an event. Alison, the question writer, was there also because they were participating in the event in some form.

Speaker 4 Awards ceremony. Is there like an award that looks like a head of broccoli? So it's the right, so it's right for the cameras and everything like that.

Speaker 4 Like they need to they need to frame up camera shots. They need to make sure people are handing off the award in the right way.
So it's not just like an arbitrary thing.

Speaker 4 It's like it's it's kind of got a handle. It's kind of got something on top.

Speaker 6 So

Speaker 6 I don't know. Like I personally can think of better things to use than a broccoli.
Okay.

Speaker 6 Like personally, there are better things to use.

Speaker 3 I would like it to be known that Taha was nodding a little bit as Tom's trip.

Speaker 3 I really thought that he was onto something. No, no, no.

Speaker 6 Tom is definitely onto something.

Speaker 2 Okay, so it's not an award, but maybe it's an actual crown. Maybe they were touring like a palace.

Speaker 5 I don't know.

Speaker 6 But why three?

Speaker 2 The king, the queen, the

Speaker 5 one child.

Speaker 5 So

Speaker 6 here's why Tom was he was cooking. It was definitely an award.
They have to practice it because there will be cameras.

Speaker 6 You've noticed that three is really important. There were three volunteers each carrying a whole head of broccoli on a tray.
I personally think the shape of a whole head of broccoli is

Speaker 6 not really that accurate,

Speaker 6 but it's the right size.

Speaker 3 So we're trying to find the name of the award at this point, but they were taking a tour of the location.

Speaker 4 Wait, there's three of them. This might not be an award ceremony like the Oscars.
It might be something like a podium where you've got first, second, and third.

Speaker 5 That's why you'd have three of them. Yes.

Speaker 6 And that is true.

Speaker 5 Now,

Speaker 6 if you were to nail where they were being toured, I think you would be able to get exactly what this is.

Speaker 2 The Olympic village.

Speaker 3 But the Olympics, they don't give a trophy or like an a, they give you a medal.

Speaker 6 It's the Olympics.

Speaker 6 Alison was a badminton line judge at the 2012 Olympics in London.

Speaker 6 And as she was having their backstage tour of the arena, she noticed a group of people holding trays of broccoli as they rehearsed carrying the medals to the podium.

Speaker 6 Now the trays of broccoli were not actually representing the medals,

Speaker 6 which was the

Speaker 6 red herring that I didn't want you guys to get

Speaker 5 stuck into. Did they bring flowers?

Speaker 6 Yes, they were representing small bouquets that would be given to the athletes on the day. So the three volunteers were for each medalist.

Speaker 4 They brought flowers to the medalists, and it's a hell of a lot cheaper to just buy some broccoli and it'll last longer.

Speaker 6 So yes, three teenagers were practicing carrying small bouquets to the winning athletes on the day for the Olympics

Speaker 6 by

Speaker 6 carrying a whole head of broccoli on a tray.

Speaker 5 That's so funny.

Speaker 6 Insane. And I love that we have an eyewitness testimony as the question writer.

Speaker 5 That's so good. So good.

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Speaker 4 Thank you to Danny for sending this next question in. One evening, Corina and Leo find a horse, then look for a large square to its left.

Speaker 4 Having counted to 12, they realize it's the perfect moment to retrieve some equipment. What is it? And what does a high number indicate? I'll say that again.

Speaker 4 One evening, Karina and Leo find a horse, then look for a large square to its left. Having counted to 12, realize it's the perfect moment to retrieve some equipment.

Speaker 4 What is it, and what does a high number indicate?

Speaker 6 Okay, so the horse's name was Friday.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 6 Does this help us?

Speaker 3 Okay, so I'm gonna. I'm assuming that they are looking at the horse, and then if they look left, there is a box, a square.

Speaker 5 Wait, square.

Speaker 6 What were the names of the people?

Speaker 4 Karina and Leo.

Speaker 5 Hmm.

Speaker 6 This is a rewrite.

Speaker 6 When I make my move.

Speaker 6 What? You'll be free to check the king.

Speaker 5 They check. They're making too many references to it.
It's Harry Potter. What?

Speaker 3 When I make my move.

Speaker 6 You're free to check the king.

Speaker 5 You never heard this meme? Ron, no!

Speaker 4 Ron, I know nothing about Harry Potter other than what I've picked up through osmosis.

Speaker 4 I never read it. I've not seen the movies.

Speaker 6 It's just a very simple memory.

Speaker 6 Yeah, it's just a meme. I don't like

Speaker 4 the algorithm has never served me Harry Potter stuff. That's damned.
I am fine.

Speaker 6 You've been blessed, to be honest.

Speaker 5 Yeah, yeah. Beautiful.

Speaker 3 So there's a horse.

Speaker 5 There's a horse, there's a box.

Speaker 5 I don't know what that reference was implying. I don't know if you're right or wrong, because I cannot explain the reference.
Okay.

Speaker 5 Ignore everything we've said. Okay.

Speaker 6 Okay. What I think it is, is I think this is some sort of chess-related game.

Speaker 4 Right.

Speaker 6 Because they have a horse and squares, but they don't have any equipment.

Speaker 6 So maybe it's a board game.

Speaker 5 Ooh.

Speaker 6 Because big squares don't exist in the world.

Speaker 6 Like, they just don't, you know, you don't find horses next to big squares.

Speaker 4 That is an incredibly perceptive statement.

Speaker 4 And I kind of want, and I kind of don't want to tell you more than that, because if I do, it'll give the whole game away. But you're right.

Speaker 5 That's very perceptive.

Speaker 3 What? So is it about speed chess? Like a bigger number means you have more.

Speaker 4 Oh, no, the chess part isn't perceptive at all. Yeah.

Speaker 6 But the

Speaker 6 big squares don't exist naturally occurring.

Speaker 4 You said you don't find

Speaker 4 big horses and big squares. You don't find horses next to big squares in the world.
You're right.

Speaker 6 Yes, in the world.

Speaker 2 Is this in a video game? It's in a video game then.

Speaker 3 Oh, I was thinking like it's not a living horse.

Speaker 2 It's like a fake horse.

Speaker 3 It's a statue. There's There's plenty of horse statues.

Speaker 6 They look at the square

Speaker 6 and then they count to 12. So, is it 12 feet?

Speaker 6 Are they walking towards the square?

Speaker 4 The square is actually invisible. You're right, Taha.
This doesn't exist in the world.

Speaker 5 Hold on. Then, where are we? Hold on.
The square exists, but it doesn't.

Speaker 5 With every visit to lateral, things get more and more lateral.

Speaker 2 The square is not real.

Speaker 6 No, no, no. The square is real.

Speaker 5 It's just the square. It's not visible.

Speaker 4 And very, very large.

Speaker 3 But the square is not encompassing the horse. The horse is next to the large, large, invisible square.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 2 And there's equipment there somewhere.

Speaker 3 In the square. Is the equipment with the horse or in the square?

Speaker 4 No, they'll go and get the equipment after they can't get it.

Speaker 6 Naturally.

Speaker 5 That's the second half of the question. Oh, my apologies.

Speaker 6 Silly, silly me for thinking.

Speaker 5 Although that will become very easy.

Speaker 3 I need a pencil and paper now that we're doing lateral. There's so much going on.

Speaker 2 I keep thinking about the Hunger Games, like in the beginning of.

Speaker 2 Is there a horse in the Hunger Games? There's no horse, but there is in the second movie, there's that big clock, and there's like in the center, there's that cornucopia where all the equipment is.

Speaker 5 And

Speaker 2 they had to, they need to go there to get the survival stuff, but they can only get to the stuff in the middle after a certain amount of time because like things are

Speaker 5 diarrhea.

Speaker 5 No, the princess diaries.

Speaker 5 The hunger games.

Speaker 4 And I've just had Harry Potter quoted at me incessantly

Speaker 4 against my will. So, you know, it's one of those elements.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 3 Large horse, unknown if it's living or dead. Large square.

Speaker 4 Arguably neither, Sabrina, just to make that even more complicated.

Speaker 3 Why are you like this?

Speaker 4 Mythological would be a good word for it.

Speaker 5 Ooh.

Speaker 4 You know, I'll give you this question again, but include some things that you've revealed.

Speaker 4 One evening, Karina and and leo find a mythological horse then look for a large invisible square to its left having capture 12 they then retrieve some equipment are they real people yes they're real people encountering a mythological horse they in the mythology tom i was expecting you to say no encountering is not the right word there and taha earlier on you said you're right These things don't exist in the world.

Speaker 6 So they could exist in a different world.

Speaker 4 Depending on your definition of world, sure.

Speaker 3 Oh, wait, is this the stars?

Speaker 6 Oh, it's a big dipper.

Speaker 4 Keep going, Sabrina.

Speaker 5 Oh, my goodness.

Speaker 3 Okay, so yeah,

Speaker 3 it would be a very large invisible square because it's a connection of stars.

Speaker 4 Yes, the great square is a collection of stars in the night sky. Just to the left of anyone want to guess which constellation is the big horse?

Speaker 3 I'm so bad at stars. I'm so.

Speaker 3 Orion's a guy, right?

Speaker 4 Orion's a guy. Pegasus is the horse.

Speaker 5 Oh,

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 6 You know what's crazy is I spent about an hour and a half yesterday talking about star signs

Speaker 6 and

Speaker 6 I was like a civ the entire time just like not encoding any of the information not knowing that today I would need all of that information.

Speaker 4 So we can now shorten the question down. Karina and Leo find the Great Square telescope in the night sky.
Yes. They realize it's the perfect moment to retrieve a telescope.

Speaker 4 So what does that high number, what does 12 indicate?

Speaker 6 They see 12 stars that are not visible, and then they see a planet.

Speaker 4 Wait, how do you see 12 stars that are not visible? Because you're close with that, Taha. Air quality, cloud cover.
Sabrina,

Speaker 4 it's very close to that. There's a particular stargazing word there.
It's not cloud cover, it's not air quality, there's something else.

Speaker 6 Noise pollution, light pollution, light pollution.

Speaker 5 Yes,

Speaker 6 I'm still not there.

Speaker 5 What does 12 have to do with it? What does 12 have to do with it? Yeah.

Speaker 4 Well, remember, they're counting to 12.

Speaker 6 There are 12 stars in the square, or

Speaker 6 make up the shape of the square.

Speaker 4 Keep going.

Speaker 6 And so they see all 12 stars and they go, ah, we see all of the stars, which even are the least bright ones, which means that the light pollution is the lowest it's ever been. Yes.

Speaker 5 Spot on.

Speaker 4 Stargazers use the Great Square to check how bad the light pollution is.

Speaker 4 And you find it by looking for Pegasus and going left a bit. And if inside the Great Square, you only see three, four stars, light pollution is bad, you're not going to see much.

Speaker 4 If you can see 12 or more stars in the Great Square, conditions are excellent and you should get your telescope.

Speaker 5 That's delightful. I love that.

Speaker 3 I'm going to be honest. I've always lived in a city.
I've never even heard of the Great Square.

Speaker 4 Melissa, it is over to you.

Speaker 2 This question has been sent in by Luke V.

Speaker 2 Every three years, an Australian has to sit down, wear a blindfold, and put their hand in a barrel several times. This is necessary because of an effect caused by lazy donkeys.

Speaker 3 What is the problem?

Speaker 2 I will say it one more time for your confused faces.

Speaker 5 Why is this the hardest episode? Why is this the hardest episode?

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 5 Kaya, you ready? No!

Speaker 2 It'll make sense, I think.

Speaker 2 Every three years, an Australian has to sit down, wear a blindfold, and put their hand in a barrel several times. This is necessary because of an effect caused by lazy donkeys.
What is the problem?

Speaker 6 I have an answer.

Speaker 5 I have an answer.

Speaker 5 Great.

Speaker 5 So,

Speaker 6 I'm going to take you back to the Great Emu War.

Speaker 5 Yes. Okay.

Speaker 6 lines, but they were too lazy. And when the Australians lost the Great Emu War, in order to create a peace treaty with the Emus,

Speaker 6 they gave one Australian up to the Emus

Speaker 6 to do this, yes, to do this ritual every three years in order to maintain the peace.

Speaker 4 Ah, now,

Speaker 4 you may think that, but consider that the donkeys in question are nodding donkeys, which are the oil oil wells that dip their heads back and forth.

Speaker 5 And that

Speaker 4 they are lazy because they have slowed down and are not pulling high enough quality oil, barrels of oil, out of the ground.

Speaker 4 So every three years, an Australian sits down to do a blind test of the oil by sticking his hand in the barrel.

Speaker 3 That sounded so legitimate. Yeah.

Speaker 2 That sounds so legitimate. Sabrina, what's your guess?

Speaker 5 I said I didn't.

Speaker 4 Steven. You can't get sound back, can you? You really can't.

Speaker 6 You're like, oh, well, thank you for contributing.

Speaker 6 And anyone else?

Speaker 6 Did any of that

Speaker 3 enthusiasm of you saying barrel?

Speaker 4 I really

Speaker 4 think it's a really nice word to say.

Speaker 3 You had me. You had me.
I was like, yes, it's for sure this.

Speaker 3 Is Is a nodding donkey actually a term for an oil donkey?

Speaker 4 Yeah, that's actually the ones that just put the head like where it looks like one of those little drinking bird desk toys just on a massive scale. That is referred to as a nodding donkey.

Speaker 3 You know, that makes more sense than like a Jerry.

Speaker 6 Okay, so is there anything to do with the Great Emu War?

Speaker 5 No, nothing.

Speaker 4 Is there anything to do with oil?

Speaker 2 No. And

Speaker 2 I have to say that they're not literal donkeys.

Speaker 2 Okay. Donkeys is being used disparagingly.

Speaker 3 Okay, I think

Speaker 5 that

Speaker 3 this

Speaker 3 is, I'm guessing each, I'm like a, I'm a large language model here, just guessing what each one is going to be next.

Speaker 6 Okay. Um,

Speaker 3 blindfold.

Speaker 6 Why would you have to be blindfolded?

Speaker 3 You're not supposed to see what's inside, I assume.

Speaker 6 Yeah, but they have to do this.

Speaker 2 Yeah, every three years.

Speaker 3 They have to. This makes me think it's like a voting thing.
Like it's a, it's, it's pulling the order of something.

Speaker 2 Wait, you say that's again, Sabrina?

Speaker 3 It's like, you know, how like they have to pull the order for like when you're competing in a competition or something, where they're like, oh, I don't see it. Oh, bingo, I've pulled number 55.

Speaker 3 I've changed the metaphor three times while speaking.

Speaker 4 Yeah, but donkeys is a political thing as well. That's, that's, that's American politics, not Australian.

Speaker 6 But

Speaker 4 that might be a term

Speaker 4 where, oh, that sparked something in my head. that has it's gonna I'm gonna claim later oh I knew this all along but like there's I think you might be right with politics Sabrina.

Speaker 4 I think this might be because like every three years is an election cycle is is that true that feels pretty soon for an election.

Speaker 3 I don't know. It's a different democracy.

Speaker 2 You're getting super warm with it. It is about politics.

Speaker 2 Sabrina, it is about blindfolding to not see something. You know, you're getting really warm with

Speaker 2 picking

Speaker 2 something out, picking a number out.

Speaker 3 Picking a thing out.

Speaker 2 What are we doing there? But why would you need to do that every three years? Every three years? Also.

Speaker 3 It's like Groundhog Day.

Speaker 5 I'm back out and I'm back out and I'm cold again. I'm cold again.
Wait, I've got something.

Speaker 6 Okay. So I don't know if is three years too soon for an Australian election?

Speaker 3 It feels so. Well, she said it was an election thing, right?

Speaker 2 It is about an election.

Speaker 6 Okay, so what I would be thinking is in order to keep the debates fair, they pick a random order in terms of who goes first, second and third.

Speaker 6 Because having the closing statement is probably good because it's the last thing people will hear. Having the opening is good because you can frame the conversation.

Speaker 6 I don't really know what the advantage of being third is second is, but is it that?

Speaker 2 It is about

Speaker 2 the order that...

Speaker 6 On the ballot.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 5 Oh, okay. Okay.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 4 So the tradition is now that someone sits down and picks it out of a barrel because Australian tradition, right?

Speaker 6 Because of lazy donkeys.

Speaker 6 So maybe historical in some way?

Speaker 4 Is that just the nickname for people who just tick the top box on every ballot?

Speaker 2 Yeah.

Speaker 2 Wow.

Speaker 3 That's amazing.

Speaker 5 Do people vote like that?

Speaker 3 That's upsetting.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 4 Yes, because voting in Australia is compulsory.

Speaker 2 You have to vote in federal elections.

Speaker 2 So because voting in Australia is compulsory, you have to vote.

Speaker 2 Some people will just pick the top name on the ballot because they have to do it. And so to make it more fair,

Speaker 2 to make the whole voting process more fair, the person who is choosing who is on the ballot first, they are the person who has the blindfold on.

Speaker 2 put their hand in the box, they draw the name, and then the order that they draw the names out is the order that the people, um

Speaker 6 the people's names go on the ballot you know what i would do and you know i'm not how would you fix the matter i have no qualifications let's do it i would put i would put the first one as i am disengaged with the democratic process

Speaker 6 and then the rest of them oh because the thing is yeah you don't technically have to vote under australian law you only have to turn up to the polling booth and get your name ticked off yeah oh so so then it's like i'm here already, and maybe you just tick it off, but maybe once you go in and go, ah, I might as well come here.

Speaker 3 You're voting out of protest.

Speaker 6 Yeah.

Speaker 4 Thank you to Triskell Islington for this question. An iPhone accessory released in 2014 prompted an urgent redesign of some card terminals.

Speaker 4 This wouldn't have been necessary if they'd been designed by pit vipers.

Speaker 5 Why?

Speaker 5 I'll say that again.

Speaker 4 An iPhone accessory released in 2014 prompted an urgent redesign of some card terminals. This wouldn't have been necessary if they'd been designed by pit vipers.
Why?

Speaker 6 That was the year that they stopped letting pit vipers design.

Speaker 2 Guys, what's a pit viper?

Speaker 5 I can't Google it right now.

Speaker 6 It's just a viper in a pit, right?

Speaker 5 What does that mean?

Speaker 5 It's a snake. Yes.
It's a snake. It's a snake.

Speaker 4 You didn't need to sound quite so pleading on that, but it's a snake.

Speaker 3 2014.

Speaker 5 Yeah.

Speaker 3 That's iPhone

Speaker 5 6.

Speaker 2 No. Eight.

Speaker 6 You know, lucky for everyone here, I have every single iPhone that I've ever bought from my hook

Speaker 5 right here. Wow, you can actually literally say literally next to you.

Speaker 4 I thought that was going to be a much longer bit.

Speaker 6 No, no. So we can look at the back of these and maybe they'll tell us when they're published.

Speaker 4 That wouldn't make much difference.

Speaker 4 It's the accessory you're interested in.

Speaker 3 I'm thinking

Speaker 5 cards,

Speaker 3 MagSafe,

Speaker 3 demagnetized cards.

Speaker 6 Yes.

Speaker 6 And pit vipers

Speaker 6 have credit cards.

Speaker 5 I think, hmm.

Speaker 6 I think MagSafe makes sense.

Speaker 2 MagSafe didn't come out until.

Speaker 3 Wireless charging? But wireless charge.

Speaker 3 I literally cannot remember 2014. Whatever, middle of high school?

Speaker 4 This is an accessory, remember, not a key part of the iPhone.

Speaker 2 The wallet. I can only think of the Apple wallet on the brick.

Speaker 6 Well, they had the brick. They had the like charging brick.

Speaker 4 I think a good way into this. Sabrina, you said magnets, magnetism, and pit vipers can was somehow magnetic.
No, not that, but

Speaker 4 you are right going. This is something that the iPhone accessory did, that also this particular type of snake could do.

Speaker 3 The iPhone accessory does the same thing as a snake.

Speaker 3 Poison.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 6 So, so the iPhone accessory

Speaker 5 like,

Speaker 6 is it like one of those things, those suction cups? Maybe there was like a car-related suction cup accessory. Oh.

Speaker 5 I don't know. Or like a.

Speaker 3 I'm trying to just imagine iPhone accessories now. There was also like the grippy thing, like, you know how like it just kind of hugs your phone.

Speaker 5 Wait, just like.

Speaker 6 Is this the year that they got rid of the aux cord?

Speaker 4 It's not, but this is something that would plug in through the lightning connector.

Speaker 6 Card terminals. I'm really.

Speaker 4 Yeah, why would we?

Speaker 4 Okay, so why would you have to redesign a card terminal?

Speaker 3 Are we talking about like the point of sales system? Yes.

Speaker 3 Where it's like a little brick that they give you, and then they used to have a swipey thing, a chip inserty thing, or a tappy thing as a little screen.

Speaker 4 It is that. Okay.
But you've missed one other thing that card terminal had.

Speaker 5 Buttons.

Speaker 4 Buttons, Taha.

Speaker 3 Terminals still have buttons.

Speaker 6 They do. Is it because

Speaker 6 now I'm pulling this like weird fact that it might be from a dream.

Speaker 6 Pause, Sabrina. I'm on it.

Speaker 4 For those not watching in video, that was a full hand to the camera there.

Speaker 5 Pause, Sabrina.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 6 I think at some point there was some design conflict between the iPhone and other types of ways to lay out the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0.

Speaker 6 Because some people went like from left to right, 1, 2, 3, and then 4 would be in the second row,

Speaker 6 the first number on the left.

Speaker 6 And some people went like a T T 9 instead.

Speaker 4 No, it's not.

Speaker 4 No.

Speaker 4 But you're right that it's a redesign of the buttons.

Speaker 3 I was thinking more, so, like, the.

Speaker 3 Did the buttons used to have colours? Am I tripping here?

Speaker 4 The buttons used to have something, or they used to be different.

Speaker 3 Did they used to have braille?

Speaker 4 I'll plug you in that it's a type of camera as an accessory.

Speaker 6 Type of

Speaker 6 Apple made an accessory. Apple didn't.

Speaker 5 Someone did.

Speaker 5 Someone did. But why would card?

Speaker 6 Why? Oh.

Speaker 2 Like a scanning thing?

Speaker 6 It's scam-related. That's the only reason you would redesign

Speaker 6 card access, like all the card card machines if it was concerning for scanning reason.

Speaker 6 So Apple Pay gets invented,

Speaker 6 potentially. Nope.

Speaker 4 Nope, this is just about the camera.

Speaker 3 I was thinking more so the like if it's a camera thing,

Speaker 3 payment terminals, you probably don't want people seeing you punch in the code. Yep.

Speaker 6 They had the they bought they constructed the Heidi thing for the for the card numbers for the first time.

Speaker 4 Oh, that was already in place.

Speaker 4 Because any long lens camera could do that. And you're meant to cover your pin number.

Speaker 5 Right.

Speaker 6 Well, it depends on how much you like sharing.

Speaker 4 But you've clued in. Yes.
This is people being able to read someone else's PIN number.

Speaker 5 Okay. Infrared.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 4 Keep going to that.

Speaker 6 That came out of my brain.

Speaker 6 Okay, so infrared cameras were a thing in the past, but they were big and bulky. And then there was an iPhone accessory that you could do infrared cameras with.
So you can see heat.

Speaker 6 Like you can see where the number is. Yeah.

Speaker 6 Where you're pointing. Yep.
So in order to solve that.

Speaker 4 This is the FLOR-1 camera.

Speaker 6 So in order to solve that, depending on how people were using the infrared camera, I guess you could do two things. One is you could make the Heidi thing

Speaker 6 like infrared proof.

Speaker 5 Or you could just make the buttons heated.

Speaker 6 Yes, or you could make the buttons so that there isn't any residual heat on the buttons.

Speaker 4 So the next person can just take a photo with the infrared camera that's exactly what they did taha you're right this was the flur one camera it was the first easy to use thermal camera it plugged into an iphone and the old rubberized keys that card terminals used to have would hold enough heat that you could get the pin number out of them um also

Speaker 4 we were talking about pit vipers there

Speaker 4 What was the connection in that question?

Speaker 3 They see an infrared.

Speaker 4 They see an infrared.

Speaker 5 Simple as that. Wow.

Speaker 3 I still encounter the rubber buttons.

Speaker 4 Yes, and if you have a thermal camera with you, you can probably see the previous person's pin number.

Speaker 3 Well, I guess I'm just going to hover my warm hand above it all.

Speaker 4 You could even tell which order the buttons were pushed in by which one was the hottest and which one was the coldest. Which is why my pin number is always 1111.

Speaker 5 Ah, yes.

Speaker 5 And Tom loves sharing, and that's why he's told us that.

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Speaker 4 Sabrina, your question.

Speaker 3 Yes. All right.
This question has been sent in by Katie Wayning.

Speaker 3 A scientist brings a piping bag and a film canister to her laboratory. For what two related purposes will these items be used? I'm going to ask it again.

Speaker 3 A scientist brings a piping bag and a film canister to her laboratory.

Speaker 3 For what two related purposes will these items be used?

Speaker 4 You know how he was saying this is a tough episode.

Speaker 5 Yeah.

Speaker 4 I regret to say I think I know this one, and it's thanks to the TikTok algorithm.

Speaker 5 Oh,

Speaker 5 finally.

Speaker 4 I'm sorry to dip out, but Taha Melissa, this one's on you. Or I'm going to be embarrassingly wrong.

Speaker 5 Very soon.

Speaker 3 I would love to call my shop like that every time. Just be like, I think I'm going to sit this one out.

Speaker 5 I already know the answer.

Speaker 6 All right, Melissa.

Speaker 3 This is the answer in progress special.

Speaker 7 Just to show you Miss Tom isn't here.

Speaker 2 Not baking a cake, and she didn't take

Speaker 2 the roll out of the film canister already to take a photo of the cake that she wanted to make. That's not what's happening there.

Speaker 3 You had so many assumptions in there. I'm going to need you to separate them out.

Speaker 2 So the piping bag.

Speaker 2 You use that to decorate cakes

Speaker 2 if you want to make a cake. So she brought it because she wanted to bake a cake.
But also she was like, hey, I want to take a photo of my cake. This is such a unique experience to me.

Speaker 3 You know what, Melissa? I bet you in your home right now, there is a piping bag and a film canister.

Speaker 5 I remember both.

Speaker 3 This scientist is not you.

Speaker 2 So

Speaker 2 they're not doing that.

Speaker 6 So we've established that the scientist is a loser who has no friends to bake cake for.

Speaker 6 Okay, this is good information.

Speaker 4 Now, the other thing we need to- I'm sorry, we have an intervention from producer David here, who has just popped up in my screen with the words, you only know half of it.

Speaker 5 Ooh, scary.

Speaker 5 Okay. Wow.
Fine.

Speaker 4 Then I I will clue the first half for you, which is that I saw a TikTok of someone weighing tiny birds.

Speaker 5 Birds?

Speaker 2 Why is there a piping bag?

Speaker 6 Thank you, Tom, for your unhelpful contribution. I am no closer to knowing anything.

Speaker 4 Okay. I saw a TikTok.

Speaker 5 You do only know half of it, Tom.

Speaker 4 I do only know half it.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 4 The film canister.

Speaker 4 is used to this this is a tiny bird this is like a blue tit or something like that and they place the bird upside down in here.

Speaker 6 Ah, I've seen that.

Speaker 4 And then put it on a scale, and they know how heavy the bird is. And I assumed that the piping bag was also some sort of bird weighing device, but I have now been told that I'm wrong.

Speaker 3 It is not a bird-weighing device. Right.

Speaker 2 So you're putting a bird in the film canister to hold the bird.

Speaker 6 Because then it traps their wings and they can't flap.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 4 It looks incredibly undignified. The bird just looks ridiculous through the whole process.

Speaker 3 But now this scientist is also bringing a piping bag.

Speaker 5 Huh.

Speaker 3 It's a different but related purpose.

Speaker 6 Different but related purpose. What else could you want to measure from a bird?

Speaker 3 Perhaps not that related.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 3 It's not to do with measuring.

Speaker 2 We're back to case. Does it have anything to do with birds, though?

Speaker 5 Yes. No.
Surely. Wait, does it have anything to do with birds?

Speaker 4 It's related to weighing birds, but it's nothing to do with measuring and it's nothing to do with birds.

Speaker 5 Correct. But it's a piping.

Speaker 3 But listen, when you discover this, you will think, yeah, you know what? That is related.

Speaker 6 I mean, I feel like storing birds in a bag with a hole in it is a bad idea.

Speaker 2 Wait, it's nothing to do with birds.

Speaker 3 Exactly, Melissa.

Speaker 6 Okay, what sort of scientist?

Speaker 6 What sort of sham scientist is doing an experiment where they weigh the birds and then do something unrelated?

Speaker 6 Are you not supposed to have a dependent variable?

Speaker 3 I think that it is more

Speaker 3 related, not in the sense that it's the same experiment, but in more so the sense of handling fairly small things.

Speaker 6 Okay.

Speaker 3 Think of animals that are.

Speaker 3 I spoiled it. Think of animals that are piping bag shaped.

Speaker 5 Think of animals.

Speaker 4 Piping bag shaped.

Speaker 2 Flying squirrel with its wings extended.

Speaker 5 Not that far off. That's crazy.

Speaker 5 A mouse.

Speaker 4 A bat, some sort of tiny thing that.

Speaker 2 Oh, a mouse.

Speaker 5 A rat.

Speaker 2 A bat.

Speaker 5 A bat. No, no, no.
A rat.

Speaker 3 There we go. Wow, Dr.

Speaker 5 Seuss in the house. Let's go.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 3 Now, why would you want to put a rat in a piping bag?

Speaker 2 Okay, you either want to study its nose.

Speaker 2 It's nose. That's so sweet.

Speaker 6 Or its tail.

Speaker 4 You've just got a rat in a piping bag with the tail sticking out the piping end.

Speaker 2 Or its tail.

Speaker 5 Okay.

Speaker 5 I.

Speaker 4 Is that how you measure the length of a rat's tail?

Speaker 4 You have a piping piping bag, you drop the rat in the piping bag, the tail comes out the bottom end, and you go, that's easy, that's just put a ruler on that.

Speaker 6 But we're not measuring anything.

Speaker 2 You could collect a sample.

Speaker 3 It is to hold a rat steady.

Speaker 4 So the

Speaker 3 film canister is used to restrain a bird humanely, while the piping bag is to restrain a rodent.

Speaker 3 Now, a scientist, vet, or other animal researcher might do this to weigh an animal or take a blood sample. So the the film canister is used to place birds into as the darkness stops it from panicking.

Speaker 3 It isn't just to humiliate the bird.

Speaker 5 That's just a happy accident. Exactly.

Speaker 3 I do have this beautiful image of a bird in the film canister. It is it's ridiculous.

Speaker 3 But the conical shape of the piping bag is ideal to hold rodents still for a few minutes.

Speaker 3 This is the thing that delights me, which is the little hole at the end helps them breathe. So you aren't suffocating the rat in a bag.

Speaker 5 And yeah,

Speaker 2 I don't like that.

Speaker 5 I don't like that.

Speaker 3 As a baker, I don't like that.

Speaker 2 You want to keep rats out of your kitchen.

Speaker 4 Which leaves us with just the question from the start of the show, which honestly is one of my favorites I think that we've done in a long while.

Speaker 4 In 2021, in what way did Lady Gaga, Zendaya, and Prince Harry help to cheer up a dugong? Does anyone want to take a shot at that before we go?

Speaker 2 Sabrina, was it the hippo?

Speaker 3 Mudang was not alive yet, certainly. Mudang was like a thing in 2024.

Speaker 3 Notably young.

Speaker 4 But you're along the right lines there, because a dugong is a marine mammal.

Speaker 3 Sang it happy birthday.

Speaker 5 You think Prince the silence for Tom after my little dance after was brutal.

Speaker 4 I mean, I was hoping someone else was going to yes and it so I didn't have to just come in in and go, no.

Speaker 6 But

Speaker 6 so, no, no, no.

Speaker 4 But this is a dugong in the Sydney Aquarium.

Speaker 3 Just such a weird batch of people.

Speaker 4 It is, isn't it? It's a really weird batch of people.

Speaker 3 This is also 2021, so it's like people are really desperate.

Speaker 3 This is when all the celebrities were singing.

Speaker 4 Sabrina, you're right. This is 2021.

Speaker 6 COVID.

Speaker 4 This is COVID times.

Speaker 3 They dressed up as a

Speaker 6 dugong hasn't had anyone visit them.

Speaker 6 So

Speaker 4 Sydney has been in lockdown for a while. No one has been in this.

Speaker 3 Tell me that the celebrities didn't go visit the marine animal.

Speaker 5 Well,

Speaker 4 not quite. Did they Zoom call

Speaker 5 the marine animal? Okay.

Speaker 5 That would be wild.

Speaker 4 The aquarium got some help from another attraction that was nearby.

Speaker 6 Don't tell me that they brought an animal to the Sidri Opera House and sing it as as soon as.

Speaker 4 Oh, no, quite the opposite.

Speaker 6 They brought the Sydney Opera House to the animal.

Speaker 5 Hmm.

Speaker 6 Is that the right attraction?

Speaker 4 It's not the right attraction.

Speaker 3 Madame Tussauds.

Speaker 5 Yes.

Speaker 5 No,

Speaker 5 no.

Speaker 5 Where

Speaker 4 did that come from, Sabrina?

Speaker 6 They brought the Dugong. They were awful

Speaker 6 to the Madame Tussaux.

Speaker 3 No, they brought little wax figures to the Dugong.

Speaker 5 Yeah, you're right, Sabrina.

Speaker 6 They did did not move the Dugong.

Speaker 4 They moved the waxworks.

Speaker 2 So they wouldn't be lonely.

Speaker 5 So they wouldn't be lonely. Absolutely right.

Speaker 6 Can I tell you what this is? This is someone who was like, there's nothing going on, and I don't have a job if I don't have work.

Speaker 6 So they decided to make work for themselves so then they could continue having their job.

Speaker 4 Well, I would also think it's probably PR and cross-promotion because Madame to Swords group also owns sea life centers. They are all merlin traction, at least in the UK.

Speaker 4 If that's also true in Australia, I would assume that they're going to be next to each other.

Speaker 6 But why are you promoting something during a pandemic? No one can go.

Speaker 3 Hey, retweets still count. Retweets are just as good as people.

Speaker 4 Thank you to our players for running through a very difficult set of questions.

Speaker 5 So difficult, I can feel my left eye twitching as I read this bit script out.

Speaker 4 Where can people find you? What are you working on? We will start with Sabrina Cruz.

Speaker 3 Hello, you can find us at youtube.com forward slash answering progress.

Speaker 4 Taha, what sort of things do you do there?

Speaker 6 We answer questions that you might have wondered, but thought are too

Speaker 6 inconsequential to be interesting, but they are interesting.

Speaker 4 And Melissa, what sort of questions?

Speaker 2 Why is Matcha everywhere?

Speaker 5 Everywhere.

Speaker 4 And if you want to know more about this show, you can do that at lateralcast.com where you can also send in your own ideas for questions.

Speaker 4 We are at lateralcast basically everywhere, and there are weekly video, full episodes on Spotify. Thank you very much to Melissa Fernandez.

Speaker 5 Hello, bye. Tarkan.

Speaker 5 Yay.

Speaker 5 And Sabrina Cruz.

Speaker 4 Everywhere.

Speaker 4 I've been Tom Scott, and that's been Lateral.