Dark Side of the Earth

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Speaker 1 Hey, Lottiff Noster here.

Speaker 1 So, one of the things I've always loved about being at Radiolab is that we take a kind of obsessive pleasure in trying to get you closer than you've ever been to things that are

Speaker 9 an asteroid.

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Speaker 12 Right at the edge of the edge.

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Speaker 8 Because it's so profound.

Speaker 1 We always try to get the person at the heart of the story to be the one to tell it.

Speaker 17 Like, what if she died? Like, what would happen? Like, would we have a funeral?

Speaker 1 In their own voice.

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Speaker 17 And did she feel alone? And is she scared?

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Speaker 1 Also, even if you don't give, next week in this feed will be a short little holiday gift for you where, I mean, I can't even believe I got to do this interview.

Speaker 1 We will hear from a person in charge of a space mission that if you asked me last week, I would have said was impossible. Like you couldn't even write this into a movie.

Speaker 1 No one would believe you, but it actually is happening, and you're gonna hear about it here next week.

Speaker 1 As for right now, uh, while we're making that little extra-bitted radio for you, I want to offer you this story we did back in 2012, which takes you to a place that fewer than 300 people have ever been with a view of the universe that is,

Speaker 1 to say the least, striking.

Speaker 1 Here is Dark Side of the Earth.

Speaker 18 Wait, you're listening.

Speaker 18 Okay.

Speaker 13 You're listening

Speaker 13 to Radio Lab.

Speaker 4 Radio Lab. From

Speaker 10 WNYC.

Speaker 1 Rewind.

Speaker 10 Hey, I'm Jad Abum Raj.

Speaker 8 I'm Robert Quillwich.

Speaker 10 This is Radio Lab. The podcast.
And we've just finished our In the Dark tour, which is the thing we've been yammering on about for the last year.

Speaker 10 And we wanted to play for you in this podcast one of our favorite stories from that show.

Speaker 15 Now, this was designed for the eye as well as the ear, this particular performance, so you will not see the Palobolis Dance Theater, which means you will not see

Speaker 10 pretty amazing stuff happening on that stage. Yeah.

Speaker 16 Strangely beautiful shadow plays on a huge white canvas on a gigantic stage.

Speaker 10 You could go to the website and you can see pictures at radiolab.org.

Speaker 15 Yeah, these guys are really

Speaker 4 good as they do, yeah.

Speaker 10 We should also note that this story was scored live by the amazing Tao Win with Jason Slota on the drums, Jamie Riyoda on the bass, and it was recorded masterfully at UCLA's Royce Hall by Reverend John DeLore.

Speaker 7 So here it is.

Speaker 10 So for our final segment,

Speaker 10 we were thinking through this show. We thought, you know, who would have a really interesting perspective on darkness?

Speaker 15 Maybe somebody who works in a rich, dark environment, astronauts, for example.

Speaker 7 Yeah.

Speaker 10 So we called up NASA. We talked to an astronaut.
We connected our little studio in New York to their studio in DC to talk to an astronaut, but he was a little late. And here's the funny thing.

Speaker 10 When you are on hold with NASA, this is literally what you hear.

Speaker 10 This has a blast-off feel to it.

Speaker 7 Yeah, it does.

Speaker 10 This is amazing. This, by the way, is literally the case.

Speaker 15 You dial 1-800 NASA or whatever, and this is like go-to-the-moon music.

Speaker 7 Uh-oh.

Speaker 7 Hello?

Speaker 10 I hear someone breathing.

Speaker 7 It's probably, I'm breathing.

Speaker 4 That's an interesting way to meet.

Speaker 10 So this is our guy, Dave Wolf is his name. He's a NASA astronaut.

Speaker 7 Have been since 1990, over 20 years.

Speaker 10 He wasn't really sure why we had called him.

Speaker 7 What's our topic here?

Speaker 10 So we explained to him that, you know, we're doing this show called In the Dark. We're going to do it on stage in front of some very, very nice folks.
Do you have any stories that relate?

Speaker 10 And right off the bat, he says.

Speaker 7 You've triggered an interesting darkness story, I have.

Speaker 16 Well, that's why we're calling you up. Yeah.

Speaker 7 Okay, you're taping and you're ready. Yep, darkness is an interesting theme in space because there's nowhere

Speaker 7 where this contrast between light and dark is any more extreme.

Speaker 10 Dave has done dozens of spacewalks, and he says there have been times when he's just sort of out there floating in space next to the craft, and maybe the ship tilts a little bit, and the wing blocks light that's coming from the sun or the moon, and it creates a shadow.

Speaker 7 And he says the darkness of that shadow is blacker than any black you thought it could be out there in space. The shadow has no light in it.

Speaker 7 There's not reflected light from dust in the air, the earth around you, or clouds.

Speaker 10 It's just pure, absolute dark.

Speaker 7 And you can reach into a shadow so deep, so black, that your arm can appear to disappear.

Speaker 7 Wow. Right in front of your face.
Your head is in the bright light,

Speaker 7 and your arm is in this depth of darkness.

Speaker 10 And it's just gone, like it's been cut off?

Speaker 8 Yeah.

Speaker 4 Wow.

Speaker 7 But I do want to tell you an experience I had in my first space walk, late 97. I had this experience.
Okay.

Speaker 7 It was from a Russian spacecraft. You might remember the Mir

Speaker 7 spacecraft.

Speaker 10 So Dave was up there. He was with two Russian cosmonauts.
And he and Anatoly Soloviev, they were suited up and getting ready to make their first walk into space, or his first walk.

Speaker 7 And we did all the preparations to get the suits ready. And we're in the airlock.

Speaker 7 And

Speaker 10 the door opened and they floated out.

Speaker 7 We flipped our tethers on outside

Speaker 10 and he and Anatoly gently float to the work site.

Speaker 7 And it was dark out and dark up in space means you're on the night side of the earth in the shadow of the earth and there were no external lights. on this spacecraft.
This was really, really dark.

Speaker 7 And we were over the ocean And at night, that basically means you don't see the earth.

Speaker 10 You don't see it at all?

Speaker 7 Not at all. When it's a moonless night, you don't see the earth.
In fact, all it might look like to you is the absence of stars.

Speaker 10 Now I want you to imagine this with me. He's up there in this darkness, and the earth, with all of us on it, is somewhere far, far below him, but he can't can't see it.

Speaker 10 And all the while, and this is really important for what happens next, he is shooting through space. He's rocketing across the dark shadow of the earth at five miles a second.

Speaker 10 That is 16 times the speed that we're all moving right now because we are on the earth. But he says at that moment he didn't feel any of that.

Speaker 10 It just felt like he was suspended in this cocoon of black.

Speaker 7 Floating gently. And he thought, all right, no problem.
This is kind of peaceful. Because it was just me and the spacecraft and blackness.

Speaker 7 And suddenly.

Speaker 7 This blazing light.

Speaker 10 Blasts him from below.

Speaker 4 What was it?

Speaker 10 It was the sunrise.

Speaker 10 You know, because he and the ship were moving so quickly that the sunrise, which normally happens here on Earth very, very slowly, calmly, at that speed up there, the sun comes screaming from the eastern edge of the Earth, straight across the Earth, lights up everything in seconds.

Speaker 7 And the earth lights up below me.

Speaker 7 Suddenly I can look down 200 miles and see that we're moving at five miles per second.

Speaker 10 Oceans, whoosh, clouds, whoosh, deserts, whoosh. And he was like, ta-da!

Speaker 7 And I clutched onto these handrails like there's no tomorrow, white-knuckled in my spacesuit gloves because I suddenly had this enormous sense of height and speed.

Speaker 10 He says it was sort of like if you were just standing comfortably on the ground and then someone just flips on the lights suddenly and you realize, actually, I'm not on the ground.

Speaker 10 I am on a 400,000-foot ladder.

Speaker 10 Crazier still, in that sunrise moment.

Speaker 7 The temperature also increases by upwards of 400 degrees.

Speaker 15 In the moment?

Speaker 7 In the moment.

Speaker 10 Really? This is the most extreme thing I've ever heard.

Speaker 15 Are you air-conditioned or whatever?

Speaker 7 You are. We are totally dependent on that spacesuit.

Speaker 7 But the colors,

Speaker 7 what you're seeing on that earth is so spectacular.

Speaker 7 The greens and blues and the delicate pastel-like colors, the contrasts and the brights are just

Speaker 7 aren't present in anything I've ever seen other than up in space.

Speaker 10 Dave and his Russian buddy Anatoly, they're out there for hours doing repairs on the ship. So they are, because of their speed, they're going in and out and in and out of these days and nights.

Speaker 7 So it's 90 minutes of a light-dark cycle. So you have 16 nights and 16 days for every Earth day.

Speaker 10 Which means, as they're working, this change is happening over and over and over. Every 45 minutes, they go from blazing light

Speaker 13 to

Speaker 7 quiet-dark.

Speaker 10 Blazing light

Speaker 10 to

Speaker 7 darkness. You can get lost.

Speaker 7 You get stories of people doing spacewalks that lose their orientation or feel like they're falling.

Speaker 10 So he says the only thing to do in that circumstance is just to focus on your job. Look straight ahead.
Only at the screw. Only at the screw.

Speaker 7 Don't look down is kind of the it's it's real in this business.

Speaker 10 So

Speaker 10 we would have been perfectly happy to end the story right here because Dave and Anatoly finish their repairs, job well done, they get ready to come back into the spacecraft.

Speaker 10 But we cannot not tell you what happens next.

Speaker 16 Yeah, because this starts with a very different kind of darkness.

Speaker 4 Yeah.

Speaker 1 And that darkness, we will get to right after this break.

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Speaker 11 It's 1972. A young British family is attempting to sail around the world when disaster strikes.
Their boat is hit by killer whales and it sinks in seconds.

Speaker 11 All they have left is a life raft and each other. This is the true story of the Robertson family and their fight to survive, hosted by me, Becky Milligan.

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Speaker 1 Hey, Lotev Radio Lab picking back up with our story of astronauts Dave Wolf and Anatoly Soloviev.

Speaker 10 So the two of them pull themselves by their tethers to come back into the airlock to go back in.

Speaker 7 But when it was time to come back in...

Speaker 10 They couldn't get back in.

Speaker 6 You were locked out of your spaceship?

Speaker 7 You could call it locked out. We were trapped outside, yes.

Speaker 10 Essentially, their airlock was busted. They couldn't repressurize it.
And if you can't get it at the right pressure, you can't re-enter.

Speaker 7 And we worked on it for four or five hours and ran out our resources.

Speaker 10 Wait a second. Ran out of

Speaker 4 oxygen or what?

Speaker 7 We have plenty of oxygen, it turns out. What you run out of first is your carbon dioxide scrubbing unit that takes the CO2 out of your suit.
And now the problem with this one is usually

Speaker 7 in a space accident, you figure it'll only hurt for a moment. But

Speaker 7 when you die of CO2 intoxication, that drags out.

Speaker 7 That's a miserable way to go.

Speaker 15 What does he mean? Did you ever kind of

Speaker 10 what happens is first you get a headache

Speaker 10 and then then your muscles start to twitch.

Speaker 10 Eventually your heartbeat starts to accelerate faster, faster, faster. You go into convulsions and then

Speaker 7 you die.

Speaker 7 Luckily, the life support system has an extra cartridge. That gave us an extra six or so hours.
We used all that.

Speaker 7 and trying to fix the hatch and we couldn't get it to hold air and

Speaker 7 we were done.

Speaker 10 Did you know you were done? I mean you were done.

Speaker 7 Yeah, yeah, pretty much.

Speaker 15 You mean done like in over?

Speaker 7 Yeah, yeah, no more ideas.

Speaker 10 Done like in dead.

Speaker 10 So

Speaker 10 they decide, okay, we gotta do something. Last ditch maneuver, if we can't get our usual airlock to work, maybe we can make a new one.

Speaker 10 Because see, on the Mir space station, it's this big cylinder with these rectangular modules that jut out, and one of those modules is the airlock.

Speaker 10 But there are these adjacent ones, which are normally just living quarters.

Speaker 10 They thought, well, if we can't get our usual airlock to pressurize at the right pressure, maybe we can go to the next one over and try and pressurize it.

Speaker 7 Essentially treating that next module in as a airlock. And we opened the hatch into that next module.
And in order, though, to go into it, we had to disconnect our umbilicals.

Speaker 7 Because you can't close a hatch over your umbilical, right? And the umbilical was providing our cooling to our suits.

Speaker 7 So as soon as we disconnected, well, that gives you maybe five, eight minutes at max.

Speaker 10 Before you what?

Speaker 7 I don't even want to talk about it. It's so bad.

Speaker 4 Did you look that up?

Speaker 10 Yeah, I looked this one up too.

Speaker 10 Essentially, what happens is you boil inside your spacesuit.

Speaker 7 In a very ugly way.

Speaker 10 So,

Speaker 10 Dave and Ed totally think, okay, we've got to get through this tiny hatch into this room, and they've got to do it fast. But they also know.

Speaker 7 If you struggle hard and go too fast, you won't get much time at all in that suit before that heat builds up on you.

Speaker 10 So he thinks, okay, hurry, hurry, but slowly, slowly.

Speaker 7 What I did not anticipate was as soon as we disconnected our umbilicals that the visor would fog up and you'd now be having to feel your way through.

Speaker 15 You're blind?

Speaker 7 Yeah.

Speaker 7 You could spit and kind of get a little area through the fog. So I'm in the airlock trying to make my way into the next section

Speaker 7 and I was crawling along the wall moving into the next section and

Speaker 7 I spit on my visor, you know, to make a little hole to look through and get a hint.

Speaker 7 And it was an area I had been sleeping in some weeks before and I had left picture of my family taped with Scotch tape on the wall and I spit on the visor and I my helmet light went there and there was this picture of my family

Speaker 7 right here in this moment

Speaker 7 as I was scooting across the wall in what was likely my last minutes

Speaker 7 So this is how it's going to end.

Speaker 7 So this is it.

Speaker 7 And look, it's so strange. There they are.

Speaker 7 And I look back at that and I shudder.

Speaker 10 Now, of course, Dave and his partner made it back into the space station, barely.

Speaker 7 But it didn't strike me really till months later on earth

Speaker 7 how close that had been

Speaker 7 and what a strange situation.

Speaker 15 This Russian guy must be your best friend.

Speaker 4 He must be looking at you probably call each other and say,

Speaker 16 20 years later, you go,

Speaker 7 Well, not many people have been through anything like that together and are there to talk about it. And you just reminded me of something.

Speaker 10 So we're going to leave you with one last story from Dave. He was kind of a story machine.

Speaker 10 This is from that same stay in space, involves the same friend, Anatoly. They were out there doing some work on the ship, you know, floating in space again.

Speaker 10 And then mission control radios and tells them to pause for a while.

Speaker 7 We had a period where we had to wait through the night. to go on with our work.
So he says, look, David, it was all in Russian, of course. I wanted to show you something.

Speaker 7 And we hooked our tethers on, pushed ourselves about six feet away. we had about six feet of tether, so that our eyes couldn't see anything but out in space.

Speaker 7 And I turned my air conditioner down a little, you know, so it was kind of warm. And I was floating in this spacesuit, just looking out into

Speaker 7 the blackness of space.

Speaker 7 And

Speaker 7 I felt like I didn't have a spacesuit on. It was so comfortable.
The air temperature was just right.

Speaker 7 I felt like I was just out in the universe

Speaker 7 in the stars. I couldn't see anything but stars all around me, and I couldn't feel anything

Speaker 7 outside of spacecraft going five miles per second out in the universe.

Speaker 10 Was that what he wanted to show you?

Speaker 7 Yeah, I think so.

Speaker 15 This is his rocking chair on the front porch thing.

Speaker 7 Or a hammock almost. He didn't want to talk.
He said, let's just be quiet. Turn your helmet light off so you don't get any reflected light.
Just

Speaker 7 relax.

Speaker 7 Raslabavayat.

Speaker 7 Relax.

Speaker 7 Relax.

Speaker 7 Relax.

Speaker 7 Relax.

Speaker 7 Relax.

Speaker 15 Now had you been there in the theater, this is the moment where we gave everybody a little pinpoint of light, a little hand-carried star that they could put over their heads and wave together.

Speaker 10 Like 2,000 tiny little lights from the seats. It's like a canopy of stars.
We saw this happen again and again, like 18 times, I think we performed this, and every time it was just like breathtaking.

Speaker 15 Yeah.

Speaker 10 This whole show came together thanks to so many people on stage and off, and we want to make a couple of thank yous before we go.

Speaker 15 Very, very special thanks to Meg Bowles, who found our astronaut.

Speaker 13 She found Dave Wolf. Yes.

Speaker 8 Also to Palobolos, the dance company, and to the Palabola. Yes, starting with Itamar Kubovi, Lily Binns, Matt Kent, Renee Jaworski, Greg Laffey, and the dancers.

Speaker 8 Chris Whitney, Heather Favreto, Anthony Oliva, Christina Conger, Evan Adler, Anakashif, and the Olvera twins, Edwin and Roberto.

Speaker 10 We love you guys.

Speaker 10 Dimitri Martin, thank you so much for coming and, you know, creating this show with us. Tao Wynn and Jason Slota.

Speaker 8 Thank you so much to them and Mike Faba, Jake Fine, Serena Wong, John Delore, Alyssa Lacasse, Dave Foley, Nick Nusaforo, Caitlin Fitzwater, Rebecca Larry, and Roslyn Lutin.

Speaker 4 Lutz. Loots.

Speaker 15 Most of all, most, most, most of all, to Alan Horn, who loved doing this and made it so fun to do.

Speaker 12 Hey, I'm Lemon and I'm from Richmond, Indiana. And here are the staff credits.
Radio Lab was created by Jad Abhimrod and is edited by Soren Wheeler. Lulu Miller and Latz of Nasser are our co-hosts.

Speaker 12 Dylan Keefe is our director of sound design. Our staff includes Simon Adler, Jeremy Bloom, Becca Pressler, W.

Speaker 12 Harry Fortuna, David Gable, Maria Paz Gutierrez, Sindhun Yanan Sambandan, Matt Kielty, Rebecca Lacks, Annie McEwen, Alex Neeson, Sara Kari, Sarah Sandback, Anissa Vitza, Arianne Wack, Pat Walters, and Molly Webster.

Speaker 12 Our fact-checkers are Diane Kelly, Emily Krieger, and Natalie Middleton.

Speaker 21 Hi, my name is Teresa. I'm calling from Colchester in Essex, UK.

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Speaker 21 Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

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