S23 Ep16: Money Will Take Over (FINALE)

Transcript

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Speaker 40 Offers are subject to change, and certain restrictions may apply.

Speaker 41 Something Was Wrong is intended for mature audiences. This season contains discussions of medical negligence, birth trauma, and infant loss, which may be upsetting for some listeners.

Speaker 41 For a full content warning, sources, and resources, please visit the episode notes.

Speaker 41 Opinions shared by the guests of the show are their own and do not necessarily represent the views of myself, broken psycho media, and wondery.

Speaker 41 The podcast and any linked materials should not be misconstrued as a substitution for legal or medical advice.

Speaker 41 Origins birth and wellness owners and midwives Caitlin Wages and Gina Thompson have not responded to our requests for comment.

Speaker 41 Additionally, midwives Jennifer Crawford and Elizabeth Fuell have also not returned our request for comment.

Speaker 41 This season is dedicated with love to Malik.

Speaker 41 Hey friends, thank you so much for your patience while the team and I prepared for this season's finale. And thank you to all who have reached out to share their perspectives with us this season.

Speaker 41 Mutual respect and open dialogue is always welcome here at Something Was Wrong.

Speaker 41 From the beginning of this season, survivors have continually expressed one of the reasons they sought midwifery care to begin with was because they had poor experiences in traditional medical settings or worried about poor outcomes in a hospital due to the United States maternal health care crisis.

Speaker 41 Therefore, I've felt since the beginning, it's also important to include the reasons why survivors had valid concerns about delivering in hospital settings due to this ongoing and well-documented maternal health care crisis.

Speaker 41 The survivors' fears are shared by many Americans. and backed by lots of data.

Speaker 41 As we've heard from experts this season, the United States has has significantly higher rates of maternal deaths when compared to other high-income countries.

Speaker 41 According to the CDC, in 2023, 669 maternal deaths were reported, equating to a rate of 18.6 deaths per 100,000 live births.

Speaker 41 And it's important to also note that in the United States, the vast majority of births occur in hospitals.

Speaker 41 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2022, there were approximately 3.67 million births nationwide.

Speaker 41 Of these, about 98% took place in hospitals, while around 2% occurred in out-of-hospital settings, such as homes or freestanding birth centers like Origins Birth and Wellness.

Speaker 41 Specifically in 2021, there were 51,642 reported home births, making a 13% increase from 2020.

Speaker 41 This rise followed a 19% increase from 2019, indicating a growing interest in home births during that period.

Speaker 41 And while hospital births remain predominant in the United States, there has been a gradual increase in out-of-hospital births, particularly home births over recent years.

Speaker 41 Given the maternal health care crisis in hospital settings, families are increasingly looking to freestanding birth centers as an alternative.

Speaker 41 March of Dimes reported in 2024 that over 35% of counties in the U.S. are maternity care deserts and are home to more than 2.3 million women of reproductive age.

Speaker 41 Survivors commonly shared another reason they sought midwifery care was because they desired a more personal approach where they felt seen.

Speaker 41 This is understandable given many of us can relate to trauma in healthcare settings prior to pregnancy and feeling like a number instead of a person in a system that prioritizes profit over quality care.

Speaker 41 Furthermore, due to the United States' lack of universal health care and these maternity deserts, citizens already face a lack of equitable health care across the country.

Speaker 41 Midwifery care is essential to helping serve maternity deserts as they have done for hundreds of years.

Speaker 41 It's important to note that most midwives are trained to manage low-risk pregnancies, meaning pregnancies without major complications or increased risks, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa, or multiple babies.

Speaker 41 According to the CDC Vital Signs Report in 2023, approximately one in five women reported experiencing mistreatment during maternity care.

Speaker 41 20% of women reported experiences of mistreatment during delivery care. Mistreatment of maternity care was higher amongst Black, Hispanic, and multicultural women.

Speaker 41 This report also revealed that women without insurance, approximately 28% of women, or women with public insurance, such as Medicaid at 26%,

Speaker 41 at the time of delivery experienced more mistreatment during maternity care than women with private insurance who reported feeling mistreated 16% of the time, indicating that low-income patients may experience less medical medical treatment and respect compared to those with higher incomes.

Speaker 41 The most common types of mistreatment reported by women were receiving no response to requests for help, being shouted at or scolded, not having their personal privacy protected, or being threatened with withholding treatment or made to accept unwanted treatment.

Speaker 41 The Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee and Department of State Health Services reported reported in 2024 that 80% of pregnancy-related deaths they examined that occurred in 2020 were preventable.

Speaker 41 These concerns, among others, have contributed to a notable increase in the need for freestanding birth centers in an effort to serve clients in maternity deserts or those seeking alternatives to hospitals.

Speaker 41 Survivors we spoke with directly also expressed concerns about being pressured into unnecessary interventions if they gave birth in a hospital setting.

Speaker 41 Many mentioned wanting to avoid pain medication, restricted movement, or unnecessary C-sections.

Speaker 41 This is mirrored throughout the country as reflected in a CDC report that pressure for unwanted treatment is a fear that makes families more hesitant to engage with traditional medical settings.

Speaker 41 According to the March of Dimes, in the United States in 2023, 32.3% of live births were cesarean deliveries, equating to over 1.1 million procedures annually.

Speaker 41 While many cesarean sections are medically necessary, as they can prevent injury or death for both baby or parent, they can also increase unexpected complications, such as infection, organ injury, or blood clots.

Speaker 41 OBGYNs face some of the highest rates of malpractice litigation in medicine. Around 85% will be sued at least once during their career.

Speaker 41 The fear of lawsuits has been argued by some as the reason why some OBGYNs may recommend cesarean sections out of fear of lawsuits. Another contributing factor of the U.S.

Speaker 41 maternal health care crisis is that healthcare and birth workers face significant professional challenges while treating patients.

Speaker 41 In addition to fear of malpractice lawsuits, they face high-stress environments, emotionally intense cases such as stillbirths or maternal death, which can contribute to chronic stress.

Speaker 41 As defined by the British Medical Association, vicarious trauma is a process of change resulting from empathetic engagement with trauma survivors.

Speaker 41 Anyone who engages empathetically with survivors of traumatic incidents, torture, and material relating to their trauma can be potentially affected, including doctors and other health professionals.

Speaker 41 Healthcare professionals' long shifts, high-stakes environments, and a lack of support can contribute to burnout. Studies show that burnout affects 60% of OBGYNs and midwives.

Speaker 41 Physicians, including OBGYNs, have among the highest suicide rates of any profession, according to the Emergency College of Emergency Physicians.

Speaker 41 Obstetric experts I spoke with shared that abortion bans have contributed greatly to America's crisis.

Speaker 41 And data supports that mothers in banned states are more likely to die during pregnancy, childbirth, or soon after giving birth.

Speaker 41 As of January 1st, 2025, roughly 62.7 million women and girls live under state abortion bans. And experts say these bans contribute to clients' fears to deliver in hospital settings.
The Dobbs v.

Speaker 41 Jackson Women's Health Organization decision handed down by the Supreme Court on June 24th, 2022, overturned the landmark ruling in Roe v.

Speaker 41 Wade, which had established a constitutional right to abortion.

Speaker 41 These fears of criminalization are valid, considering in the year following the Dobbs decision, over 210 women across 12 states faced criminal charges related to their pregnancies.

Speaker 41 The majority of these cases involved allegations of substance use during pregnancy, but some were linked to miscarriages, stillbirths, or self-managed abortions.

Speaker 41 In 2018, Patience Frazier, a mother of three, was arrested and convicted under a Nevada 1911 law for taking drugs to terminate pregnancy after experiencing a miscarriage.

Speaker 41 Her case was overturned in 2021.

Speaker 41 Amari March, a 22-year-old college student in South Carolina, suffered a miscarriage at home and was arrested on charges of homicide by child abuse, facing a potential 20-year sentence.

Speaker 41 Thankfully, in 2024, a grand jury declined to indict her.

Speaker 41 Women who live in states that ban abortion are significantly more likely to die during pregnancy, while giving birth, or soon after the birth of their child, compared to those who live in states where abortion care is legal and accessible.

Speaker 41 Driving fears of hospital settings further are stories in the news today, like the heartbreaking story of Adriana Smith in Georgia.

Speaker 41 Adriana, the 30-year-old nurse from Georgia, was tragically declared brain dead in February of 2025 when she was approximately eight weeks pregnant.

Speaker 41 Despite her family's pleas to discontinue life support, Emory University Hospital continues to maintain her bodily functions, citing Georgia's strict abortion laws, which recognize fetal personhood and ban abortions after six weeks gestation.

Speaker 41 As of May 21st, 2025, Adriana is now roughly 22 weeks into the pregnancy and has been on life support for more than 90 days.

Speaker 41 As we've highlighted throughout this season, Systemic racism is another reason marginalized communities seek alternatives to hospital settings.

Speaker 41 Black Black women experience a maternal mortality rate of 50.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023, which is more than three times higher than the rate for white women at 14.5 per 100,000 live births.

Speaker 41 The only difference in these patients is the color of their skin. Shameful.

Speaker 41 Within Texas specifically, Black women were 2.5 times as likely than white women to suffer maternal death in 2023.

Speaker 41 The history of midwifery and the challenges it's faced highlights a long pattern of systemic racism as well.

Speaker 41 Midwifery in the United States is deeply rooted in Black and Indigenous traditions, as midwives served as essential community healers, birth workers, and cultural stewards.

Speaker 41 Midwifery was brought to the Americas in part by enslaved African women.

Speaker 41 These midwives, often referred to as granny midwives or black grand midwives, provided care not only to other enslaved women, but later to both black and white women in rural southern communities.

Speaker 41 In the early to mid-1800s, the professionalization of medicine began to take shape as founding medical schools and state medical societies began to open.

Speaker 41 What was once a primarily woman-led effort quickly became more male-driven as male doctors began attending more births.

Speaker 41 The American Medical Association, or AMA, was founded in 1847, which further marginalized midwives.

Speaker 41 However, Black and Indigenous midwives persevered and continued to serve rural communities where care was scarce or inaccessible, especially for women of color.

Speaker 41 The Shepherd-Towner Act in 1921 funded state-led campaigns to educate and license midwives, but this also contributed to many black and indigenous midwives being pushed out of practice by white-dominated nursing and obstetric fields.

Speaker 41 This is another reason why diversity, equity, and inclusion is so important in education.

Speaker 41 It's clear how a birth center like Origins Birth and Wellness, where owners allegedly prioritized profits over proper care, acting in the same way that hospitals often do, not only impacts impacts the clients who now call themselves survivors, but the midwifery community by proxy.

Speaker 41 We are not here to demonize out-of-hospital births or in-hospital births.

Speaker 41 We can both celebrate and acknowledge the history and importance of midwives, nurses, doctors, freestanding birth centers, and hospitals, and acknowledge that our systems must change overall, or these issues will continue and likely increase in all all settings.

Speaker 41 In the same way that we know therapists, teachers, dentists, and other professionals are essential workers, we also know that there's a need for them to be licensed and regulated properly.

Speaker 41 Just as in hospital settings, there's a need for effective oversight and regulation in order to protect public health.

Speaker 41 Experts we heard from also expressed a need for more data overall in order to help improve outcomes to properly address the maternal health care crisis as a whole.

Speaker 41 Throughout the season, Origins survivors also shared concerns surrounding the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, or TDLR, and its practices.

Speaker 41 Our associate producer Lily Rowe reached out to TDLR with the following questions in an email, quote, Given that several of the midwives who practiced at Origins were and still are licensed through the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, we are reaching out to provide you with an opportunity to comment.

Speaker 41 We would appreciate a response from TDLR on the following points.

Speaker 41 One, whether the department has a response to the allegations and stories featured on the podcast, and two, whether TDLR has considered any regulatory reforms or changes to practices in light of the issues raised in our reporting.

Speaker 41 End quote. TDLR responded to our request Tuesday, May 20th, 2025, stating the following, quote, hi Lily, thank you for the opportunity to provide a statement.

Speaker 41 TDLR does not comment on pending enforcement cases. The Texas Legislature, which meets until June 2nd, 2025, is currently considering legislation affecting the midwifery program.

Speaker 41 As always, TDLR does not comment on pending legislation.

Speaker 41 Once the session has concluded, we will evaluate all legislation that is passed and becomes law, working to implement any changes required by that legislation.

Speaker 41 Please let me know if you need anything else. End quote.

Speaker 41 We look forward to seeing their future updates.

Speaker 41 During today's season finale, you'll hear from licensed Texas midwife Jamie Hinton regarding her own experience with Origins.

Speaker 41 Additionally, you'll hear from survivors recalling Rose and Marie, who shared their heartbreaking and shocking experiences with Origins.

Speaker 41 Later, you'll hear from survivor Grace, who shares her experience at a different Texas birth center in the area.

Speaker 41 And lastly, you'll hear from Lee, a former direct entry midwife and birth center owner who became a whistleblower after growing concern for her patients.

Speaker 41 Thank you to all of the survivors and experts who have spoken with us this season. As we seek answers to the maternal health care crisis in all settings, one thing is abundantly clear.

Speaker 41 We need to work together to solve it. I'm Tiffany Reese, and this is Something Was Wrong.

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Speaker 73 My name is Jamie Hitton. I am a licensed midwife in the state of Texas in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.
I was a CPM as well as LM. I am no longer a CPM.

Speaker 73 I came into this profession in a very natural way of my own pregnancy and birth of my first baby and then teaching childbirth classes, becoming a doula, and then moving on to becoming a licensed midwife.

Speaker 73 Gina and Caitlin and I were friends before any of us were midwives. Gina was a doula, I was a doula, and Caitlin eventually became a doula as well.
We did have a friendship and we worked together.

Speaker 73 I would teach childbirth classes and refer people to Caitlin as the doula, or Gina would refer people to my classes from her doula clients.

Speaker 73 Gina was the first of us to decide that she wanted to become a midwife and become licensed. I was the next, and then Caitlin was the third to start.

Speaker 73 Gina, when she was almost through her apprenticeship, knew that I was about to start an apprenticeship as well and that I was wanting to do an academic program.

Speaker 73 She said, let's go to Starbucks and talk. She laid out a plan for how to fast track the route to becoming a licensed midwife.

Speaker 73 She basically said, I know that you want to train with this particular midwife that you used as your own midwife, but that would be really difficult. If you

Speaker 73 come over to this location and work with these two midwives, it will be much faster. You can come in to births towards the end.
You catch a baby. It counts for your numbers.

Speaker 73 A lot less time, a lot less stress. If you want to just buy the first module for the academic program, you could do that, but you don't actually need to finish it or buy the rest of the modules.

Speaker 73 You can say that you're enrolled in the program without finishing it and no one will really know as long as you get your skills signed off on and put a past doula birth as your apprenticeship start date, then you can get done as fast as you can get your 50 births in.

Speaker 73 That was her outline of how to become a midwife quickly. The minimum requirement is supposed to be two years of an apprenticeship.
Some do longer than that.

Speaker 73 A three-year apprenticeship is pretty common if you're doing academics and a true apprenticeship. My view of that was

Speaker 73 we are not painting walls where I can go back if I used the wrong color and redo that or touch up the corners because I didn't do it well enough.

Speaker 73 These are people's lives, and this is a very serious thing. You're holding lives in your hands.
I have a bachelor's degree and I taught for several years before entering the birth world.

Speaker 73 And so education is very important to me. And I told her that and I said, I understand that this looks like a good plan.
But again, like these are people's lives.

Speaker 73 And so I don't have respect for you in doing this. And I'm not going to do that.
And, you know, she was Gina. She was very loving and friendly.

Speaker 73 And like, I just wanted to let you know that this was an option. I mean, it's going to be really hard if you work with the other midwife.

Speaker 73 We left with it feeling like we were on good terms, but I did not feel good about her and who she was anymore. Within the next day or two, I talked to Caitlin about it and said, I can't believe this.

Speaker 73 Why would you even want to do this? And she agreed with me. And then two weeks later, Caitlin was then following her track.
and going to births with Gina and Gina's preceptor.

Speaker 73 So it was a pretty natural separation. That was pretty much the end of a friendship with both of them.

Speaker 73 A

Speaker 73 view of watching Caitlin at that point go through an apprenticeship very quickly, use a start date on her student midwife forms of a doula birth that she went to with me to shadow me as a doula.

Speaker 73 That was the very first birth she'd ever attended, so I knew the date. And I called Narm and asked about that.
And they said, oh, that's no problem. She can put that date.

Speaker 73 I said, even if i know it was a doula birth and they said yes that's fine even if she gets done in nine months they said yes that's fine so i sat back and went through a three-year apprenticeship and finished academics and it was very difficult she went through that so quickly and is making all this money in the successful birth center That was difficult on a personal level for me, but also on the professional level of knowing there are going to be people who suffer from this.

Speaker 73 I just thought, how long will it take before

Speaker 73 this can be stopped? And that's really when I started figuring out there were not many places to go to or people to go to.

Speaker 73 So that was a really hard thing to go through, knowing I was becoming a part of that community.

Speaker 73 So essentially, because you chose to go with a longer three-year program with a different precept, or by the time you're getting licensed, they already own the birth center. I believe so.

Speaker 73 They were in business together. I'm curious what it was like for you having your unique experience of having this sort of inside information about ways that they were potentially cutting corners.
And

Speaker 73 then simultaneously, given the smallness of this community, seeing these negative outcomes over the years.

Speaker 73 I imagine as somebody who's passionate about this work and the importance of midwifery, it's especially hard to see. Yes, very, very hard to see.

Speaker 73 Became harder as time went on and their birth centers grew and their clientele grew because this seemingly perfect portrayal of births and the herbal baths and the pictures and the videos.

Speaker 73 Very hard knowing that underneath that, if you look behind the pretty, was

Speaker 73 just a whole undercurrent of not good for anyone.

Speaker 73 I do believe that part of Gina's philosophy, the shortcut method that she presented to me on here's how you could become a midwife so quickly, it just from the get-go was a lot of you can make a lot of money.

Speaker 73 While I appreciate that everyone has to make a living and I am my family's only income, you have to value people's lives over the money.

Speaker 73 I think that a lot of the argument that people have about hospitals being a business, the overwhelming drive for hospitals is to get people in and out, in and out, because that's more money.

Speaker 73 It can also apply to out-of-hospital birth with birth centers such as Origins.

Speaker 73 You have owners that now are wanting to not practice and just run a business, and you have multiple locations that you can't be at.

Speaker 73 But a huge part of midwifery care is the relationship that you have with the client. That's what makes it valuable to the client and to the midwife is you're investing a lot of time and care.

Speaker 73 The money becomes more important when you are removed from that.

Speaker 73 I think we see that in a lot of businesses, a lot of things in the world, that money will take over when you lose the personal connection.

Speaker 73 I think that's a lot of what has happened here that has led to poor outcomes.

Speaker 73 Some of it not being the people directly involved with the care of those clients, but from the owners themselves and the way that they ran the business.

Speaker 73 Obviously, you can't speak specifically to the transfers that we've covered this season.

Speaker 73 But I'm wondering if in general, you could speak to why some of these birth centers that are not following proper protocol might be avoiding transfer.

Speaker 73 Some of that does come from the monetary aspect. With my practice, I don't bill insurance.
People pay a fee and that's it. And then I break it down if they need it prorated, etc.

Speaker 73 I think when you function, as it sounds like, origins functioned with billing insurance and needing clients to continue their growth with more midwives working there, more birth centers.

Speaker 73 It leads to we need to make clients happy. And if a client is unhappy because they transfer, then they're going to want a refund.

Speaker 73 And I have heard that Origins had a contract where they did not refund past 34 weeks.

Speaker 73 Most midwives at that time, back when Origins first started, were saying once you hit 36 or 37 weeks, no refund, because it's difficult at that point to replace on your calendar a due date that you've already been on call for and done work for.

Speaker 73 So they had theirs on the earlier side of 34 weeks. I think it may have originated from A, we're trying to keep people happy and so we don't want to do a lot of transfers.

Speaker 73 B, we're so busy that we need to use students to care for clients when licensed midwives aren't aren't around,

Speaker 73 students haven't yet seen a whole wide range of when you need to transfer a client out.

Speaker 73 And so I think there's a lack of knowledge there as well that led to a lot of the not transferring until it was a shit show.

Speaker 73 We've come to hear from many that it's alleged that origins by

Speaker 73 their protocol was essentially if you are a quote graduate midwife student, meaning you've done everything except pass your exams and gained a license, you could essentially practice without your preceptor in the room.

Speaker 73 I'm curious if you could speak to if you've heard about similar circumstances elsewhere.

Speaker 73 Yes.

Speaker 73 Back when all of this first started being an issue, there were discussions within the community of, well, what is a graduate midwife? Like, what qualifies as that?

Speaker 73 This is not a term that's used by NARM. This is not a term that's used by the state of Texas with licensed midwives.
But it overall is a large problem.

Speaker 73 I think it goes back to we don't have a standard for

Speaker 73 every CPM LM, we know that they do this educational route. And so we know that they know this information.

Speaker 73 Even if we did have a defined, here's what a graduate midwife is, or they've met all their numbers and completed everything. They're just waiting on their paperwork to be processed.

Speaker 73 We still don't have the assurance that they've completed these things on their educational route. You could have me in the office with you as a student where I haven't done any didactic work.

Speaker 73 I've just learned by situations that came into the office over the last three years.

Speaker 73 versus you could go to somebody else's office and have somebody that completed an outlined academic program with markers throughout of tests and skills reviews and that has been in their apprenticeship for two or three years.

Speaker 73 Their education level may be different than mine was.

Speaker 73 She may know how to run the labs, what labs to run to diagnose preeclampsia, versus if I never saw that come through the office in my apprenticeship and hadn't decided to pick up the right textbook to read to figure out that, then I may not know that.

Speaker 73 There's new information that comes out, new research, new standards.

Speaker 73 As someone who's taking care of moms, babies, families, you need to constantly be educating yourself, researching, finding out what the newest recommendations are from reputable evidence-based sources.

Speaker 73 There's some controversy surrounding what's called the PET process route to becoming a CPM. You would not have to complete an academic program if you're going through the PET process.

Speaker 73 If you are able to get your skills signed off on by preceptors saying that you are competent and you are skilled in those and you can be a competent test taker and you can pass NARM, then you will become a CPM.

Speaker 73 And in Texas, that means then you also become a licensed midwife and LM. So I think that that really needs revisited.

Speaker 73 There are not many professions where you don't have to complete some sort of coursework outline, especially when you're dealing with healthcare and people's lives.

Speaker 73 It seems like there are too many loopholes to being able to get through quickly, to being able to lie on paperwork. and too many loopholes for not actually having the skills that you say you have.

Speaker 73 I've gotten so many different opinions on this. What is the appropriate amount of time that someone can be pushing that is a safe amount of time before transport is needed?

Speaker 73 So there's actually some guidelines on that, and they differ whether it's a first-time mom or whether it's someone who's already had vaginal births before.

Speaker 73 The average time, like if you have someone who has had vaginal births before, if we're getting to two hours of pushing, that's pretty abnormal for someone who's called a MALTIP that's had these bursts before.

Speaker 73 For someone who is a primip,

Speaker 73 if we're getting to the three to four hour mark of not making progress with pushing, we're not having a baby here very soon.

Speaker 73 Using those guidelines, that would be an appropriate time to transport for sure.

Speaker 73 Some of the survivors we spoke with mentioned getting to a place in their labor where they are crawling and walking and having to like scoot on the ground to make it to the car to get to the emergency room.

Speaker 73 Is that typical?

Speaker 73 I would not say that's typical. Most out-of-hospital midwives don't want it to get to that point.

Speaker 73 When people plan out-of-hospital births or even just a natural birth without pain medication in a hospital, there is a difference between normal labor pain, normal labor progress, and suffering.

Speaker 73 Whether that suffering is from a problem during the labor with a malpositioned baby or exhaustion, or whether it's the mental part of labor.

Speaker 73 If we've turned our corner into this is not just normal, you're not able to cope with this anymore. Most of us want to transport for that,

Speaker 73 not get to the point where you're unable to walk and unable to communicate anymore. It goes back to we're not just birthing out of hospital to birth out of hospital.

Speaker 73 If this seems like you're going to have a more positive experience with an epidural, then that's what we're going to do. I don't want.
suffering to enter the equation.

Speaker 73 It would just be so helpful to hear for listeners, what what are the things that they should be asking any potential practitioners that they're considering for their care?

Speaker 73 I think that a really good place to start is asking them what their apprenticeship was like. What experiences did they have throughout that apprenticeship? How long was the apprenticeship?

Speaker 73 Did you complete an academic program or do self-study or do no didactic work?

Speaker 73 How many births have you attended and was your attendance at those births for most of the labor and birth or just towards the end?

Speaker 73 I think it's also good to ask any midwife, no matter how long she has been practicing, licensed, tell me the complications that you've seen. and how you managed those.

Speaker 73 Tell me about a time that you had an emergency transport. What was that for? How did that go?

Speaker 73 Do you have clients who have been in that situation that I can speak to so that I know their perspective on how your care was and how the transport was and how their postpartum was?

Speaker 73 Those are great questions to ask any provider. The normal questions that I get a lot when people are interviewing me to see if they want to hire me as their midwife is what's your transfer rate.

Speaker 73 A lot of midwives will say, well, it's 7%, but most of the time it's a first-time mom who's exhausted and she just needs an epidural.

Speaker 73 After we've tried everything there is to try at home, we go in, she gets an epidural, sometimes pitocin, and everything still goes great. But is that true?

Speaker 73 Because over the last nine years of being licensed, I can say that that's not my most common reason for transporting someone in.

Speaker 73 Digging further to get to the truth of some of those things of why people are transferred is important.

Speaker 73 Ask more than just what my transport rate is. Ask what I transport for, where I go, what relationships do you have at those places?

Speaker 73 Can I talk to anyone who's been through this, either someone that takes transports or transfers from you? or clients who have been through that. Those things all matter.
Thank you so much.

Speaker 73 I'd love to hear hear how midwifery can benefit clients.

Speaker 73 There are a lot of benefits to midwifery care.

Speaker 73 The relationship that you can develop with your provider and them hearing you and listening to you, providing care based on you as an individual instead of you as

Speaker 73 one of hundreds, can be life-changing. The entrance into motherhood, whether it's your first baby or your 10th baby, really changes you.

Speaker 73 Having a provider, whether it's your doctor or your midwife or your nurse who provides respectful, safe care, offers you options, explains things to you, and sometimes when there aren't any options, as in an emergent situation, still cares for you through that.

Speaker 73 can be life-changing and affect you as a mother and how you parent your baby. Thank you so much.
I appreciate greatly your

Speaker 73 and your time and willingness to speak with me, especially on the record and in support of the survivors. I think we need more bridges, and I think those bridges of communication are so essential.

Speaker 73 If we want to be fully inclusive, then we need to be collaborative as well.

Speaker 73 Yes, I a thousand percent agree, and I very much enjoyed speaking with you.

Speaker 42 Six friends.

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Speaker 41 As I mentioned at the top of today's finale, since our investigation into Origin's birth and wellness began 10 months ago, we've had other survivors come forward to share their experiences with us.

Speaker 41 Some who have delivered after the podcast began airing.

Speaker 41 Their stories, which we have fact-checked, like all of the other survivors' stories through medical records, testimony, and public record, are concerning and heartbreaking, and they underscore the issues highlighted this season.

Speaker 41 Like survivor Rose, who felt more comfortable having me read her statement about her experience.

Speaker 41 Rose became pregnant and first sought care at Origins Dallas in November of 2021 at a friend's recommendation.

Speaker 41 Rose reports that while under Jennifer Crawford's care during her time at Origins, Jennifer never told Rose that she was an unlicensed midwife who should be directly supervised by a preceptor.

Speaker 41 Rose also saw licensed midwife Elizabeth Flewell, who was licensed on July 2nd, 2021.

Speaker 41 Rose's impression was actually that Jennifer, quote, seemed to be fully in charge of the birth center because all the midwives and staff always consulted her, end quote.

Speaker 41 When starting her care, Rose shared shared with her Origins team that she struggled with anorexia.

Speaker 41 Doctors had previously told Rose that a higher than average weight gain was anticipated and desired with her pregnancy.

Speaker 41 Yet Rose states that while at Origins, they quote, continually commented on the amount of weight I was gaining, end quote.

Speaker 41 As her care with Jennifer and Elizabeth continued, Rose shared with her caregivers that she was a survivor of sexual assault and was worried about becoming triggered during her labor and delivery.

Speaker 41 Rose alleges her midwives assured her that they were well-versed in trauma-informed care.

Speaker 41 However, when Rose went into labor, she said she felt Origins offered very little comfort or direction aside from telling her to reach out to their on-call texting line.

Speaker 41 By the time she got to Origins Birth and Wellness in Dallas, Rose was already seven centimeters dilated and in transition.

Speaker 41 At the time of Rose's delivery, Elizabeth Flewwell Flewell was a certified professional midwife and licensed midwife, serving as the primary provider.

Speaker 41 Jennifer Crawford, unlicensed with the state of Texas at the time, acted as the assistant. Rose shared that there was also a student and licensed midwife there in an observational capacity.

Speaker 41 Rose shared that Elizabeth Flewell then took her blood pressure, which she recalled as reading 165 over 90.

Speaker 41 Rose alleges Elizabeth Elizabeth seemed concerned about the reading, but then left her alone in the room with her husband because they were busy with another mom.

Speaker 41 She shared that she felt disregarded and that this was very triggering and upsetting for her, as she felt her feelings and pain weren't being taken seriously.

Speaker 41 She also shared that she looked at her birth notes in maternity neighborhood after her labor and delivery and noticed her medical chart listed her blood pressure reading as 140 over 92, not 165 over 90, as she recalls it originally being read aloud.

Speaker 41 Eventually, once Rose began pushing, she stated that she would eventually face such high pain levels that she had to stop.

Speaker 41 She states that the midwives encouraged her to push through her pain despite her pleas that her pain levels were excruciating. After her child was delivered, Rose shared that she was bleeding heavily.

Speaker 41 and at that point, she felt like she had to urinate. She says the midwives directed her to to go to the bathroom.

Speaker 41 But because Rose couldn't walk, the midwives told her to urinate on her bed, which Rose felt was degrading. However, she found that she couldn't relieve herself at all.

Speaker 41 Rose alleges Jennifer Crawford then used an alcohol wipe to clean Rose's vagina, which caused her to scream in pain.

Speaker 41 And because Rose continued to bleed post-delivery, her care team called 911 to emergency transport Rose from Origins to a nearby hospital.

Speaker 41 Rose estimates that after about 30 minutes of waiting for the ambulance, paramedics were finally able to arrive.

Speaker 41 She said she was then placed on a stretcher and a robe was simply thrown over her naked body. She now describes this moment as humiliating.

Speaker 41 To make matters worse, Because Rose's birth suite was on the second story of Origins Dallas and there was no elevator, paramedics had trouble getting Rose down the stairs, which took additional time and discomfort.

Speaker 41 When finally arriving at the hospital, Rose was informed that she had experienced, quote, horrific labial tearing, end quote.

Speaker 41 According to Rose, the OB said her injuries were easily avoidable if she had been allowed to slow down during pushing, which she'd instinctively tried to do.

Speaker 41 But Rose claims Jennifer and Elizabeth shouted at her to push through the horrific pain and that she literally felt every second of her labia tearing into multiple pieces.

Speaker 41 As a result, Rose alleges she's since had to go through two subsequent surgeries to repair the damage, and she still deals with daily pain and scarring even two years later.

Speaker 41 Rose claims Jennifer and Elizabeth never apologized, never offered to talk to her about her birth, and she never got the notorious herbal bath they'd promised she'd get at a later date.

Speaker 41 Thank you, Rose, for sharing your experience with us. We wish you continued healing on your journey.

Speaker 41 Marie is another incredible survivor we've had the opportunity to connect with.

Speaker 41 Ironically, a medical provider at her hospital told her about this season of Something Was Wrong as she was checking out of the hospital March of 2025.

Speaker 41 After being a client of Jennifer Crawford and Elizabeth Flewwell at both Origins Dallas and DFW Community Birth and Wellness, Marie alleges she also experienced birth trauma that has had lasting physical and emotional effects.

Speaker 41 Early in her care, Marie states that she shared with Jennifer Crawford, who was a licensed midwife in the state of Texas by this time, about her intense fear of needles.

Speaker 41 According to Marie, She felt validated and supported by Jennifer's response.

Speaker 41 After this appointment with Jennifer, Marie felt seen and heard, which made her more confident in the decision to continue care with her.

Speaker 41 After Origins Dallas closed, she followed her midwives Crawford and Flewell to their new birth center and midwifery school, DFW Community Birth and Wellness.

Speaker 41 Marie saw no initial red flags, except for some minor kinks here and there, which she felt was natural for a new company to work through.

Speaker 41 Marie shared with us that Jennifer Crawford actually brought up to her negative reviews that led to the closure of Origin's Birth and Wellness Center, and that the allegations were false.

Speaker 41 Marie shared that Crawford rationalized the negative reviews by saying something along the lines of that there were people out there who had bad experiences and were out to get them.

Speaker 41 Marie recounted that Crawford had also told her that there was a mom that had falsely accused her of killing her baby, and that at the time, Crawford was so convincing she believed Jennifer Crawford when she said, all of these women were making stuff up as a witch hunt.

Speaker 41 After transferring to DFW, Marie reports that her urine samples were no longer collected at her visits leading up to her birth. Marie was diagnosed during her pregnancy with gestational diabetes.

Speaker 41 Because of this, Marie states that she went to see a doctor that had an ongoing relationship with the midwives to assess if she was still considered low risk and able to remain in her midwives' care.

Speaker 41 Marie shared that the OBGYN allowed her to continue in the midwife's care.

Speaker 41 But by mid-January 2025, Marie was nearing the end of her pregnancy and was becoming more concerned about the possibility of an in-hospital birth.

Speaker 41 Marie says her midwives assured her that she was still low risk and eligible to remain in their care.

Speaker 41 In the week leading up to her due date, Marie alleges that her licensed midwife, Jennifer Crawford, instructed her to insert castor oil-soaked tampons into her vagina.

Speaker 41 Marie provided a message sent by Jennifer Crawford via DFW Community Birth and Wellness online maternity neighborhood portal on February 3rd, 2025. It read, Recipe for castor oil tampon.

Speaker 41 Fresh castor oil tampon, Smell it, it goes rancid quickly. Unbleached applicator-free tampon.
The smaller size the better.

Speaker 41 Soak the tampon in oil for 10 minutes and then insert near cervix for 40 minutes daily. In communications provided to us by Marie, Elizabeth Flewell also sent a recipe for a castor oil burrito.

Speaker 41 and was instructed to eat the dish to help induce labor. The message from Elizabeth reads, quote, Hi Marie, here's the recipe.

Speaker 41 You can make the burrito or you can make it a bowl tonight and take it around 6 a.m., then try to go back to sleep. Contractions usually begin within a few hours.

Speaker 41 If you're not having consistent contractions, you'll take another dose in four hours. The recipe listed after the directions calls for four tablespoons of castor oil per burrito.

Speaker 41 While Marie did use the castor oil-soaked tampons throughout her 39th week of pregnancy, at Jennifer Crawford's direction, she didn't feel comfortable eating the castor oil burrito.

Speaker 41 Marie says during this week when she was instructed to use the castor oil-soaked tampons, she was simultaneously visiting the midwives to have her membrane stripped, which can increase the risk of infection.

Speaker 41 On February 10th, Marie says she visited DFW Community Birth and Wellness for the last time.

Speaker 41 She recalled her midwives noticing pitting edema on her right leg below her knee and on her left leg to ankle and on her abdomen below her belly button.

Speaker 41 Edema is caused by fluid buildup and can be a symptom of preeclampsia. Marie also received a high blood pressure reading of 139 over 87 that day.

Speaker 41 She had gone all 40 weeks receiving regular readings and assumed that the elevated reading on the 10th was because she was so stressed out about having to go to the hospital.

Speaker 41 Marie states that Jennifer Crawford then wrote on her chart that Marie was still appropriate for midwifery care at this time.

Speaker 41 And in that day's chart notes, Jennifer also wrote, quote, declined taking castor oil this AM,

Speaker 41 end quote. Due to her increasing concerns, Marie had promised herself that February 10th would be her personal cutoff if she didn't go into labor naturally by then.

Speaker 41 She would transfer to the hospital for care in hopes to be induced there. When she told her midwives this, she says they labeled her decision as an elective induction.

Speaker 41 According to Marie, she does not believe it was elective, especially considering what she would learn upon her arrival at the hospital.

Speaker 41 Marie then headed to Baylor Medical Center and was admitted later in the day, February 10th, 2025.

Speaker 41 Upon being admitted, Marie alleges alleges the hospital determined that she was diagnosed with preeclampsia with severe features.

Speaker 41 She says her white blood cell count was elevated and continued to rise despite intervention. Marie's water broke the following day, February 11th.
As it leaked, she says the smell was foul.

Speaker 41 Marie's OBGYN was worried about potential infections and meconium in her waters, so they recommended Marie have a cesarean delivery.

Speaker 41 Marie states that her child did not cry after delivery because they were born with meconium in their eyes, ears, and nose. Her baby was intubated and transferred to the NICU.

Speaker 41 Marie was unable to hold her for days, which was heartbreaking for her as a new mother.

Speaker 41 Recovery would prove to be difficult for them both because by February 20th, Marie's OBGYN believed there was a hematoma caused by her cesarean section forming near Marie's incision site.

Speaker 41 A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside of the blood vessels. It occurs when a blood vessel is damaged, causing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues.

Speaker 41 It was decided that Marie would have to have a second surgery to open her back up to determine if any further damage needed to be addressed.

Speaker 41 Marie shared that during her second surgery, it was discovered that she didn't have a hematoma, but that she had necrotizing fasciitis in her uterus, which is a life-threatening bacterial infection that devours the soft tissue beneath the skin.

Speaker 41 She says it was eating her from the inside out.

Speaker 41 Making matters worse, the infection had caused Marie to become septic and she began experiencing respiratory failure.

Speaker 41 Because Marie was under general anesthesia, Marie's husband was called by surgeons who had to ask for his approval to save his wife by allowing her care team to remove her uterus, tubes, and cervix in an effort to save her life.

Speaker 41 She says she was strapped to a hospital bed and intubated. Marie says later her primary surgeon had told her that had they not removed her uterus swiftly, she likely would have died.

Speaker 41 She also later found out that she had been suffering from E. coli and STREP B infections.

Speaker 41 Marie shared that after her second surgery, she she then needed to have three further surgeries to repair what she describes as damage and disfigurement.

Speaker 41 She remained in the hospital for weeks and was finally discharged on March 7th, 2025.

Speaker 41 The same day, a member of her care team told her there was a podcast out called Something Was Wrong and that it was about her midwives.

Speaker 41 Marie reports that because of her birthing experience and subsequent surgeries, that she is disfigured.

Speaker 41 She says her scar goes from hip to hip, up past her belly button and up past her waist on the left side of her body. Her thigh muscles are still atrophied.

Speaker 41 She says she experiences lower back pain and also reports experiencing difficulty mentally and emotionally as a result of these traumas.

Speaker 41 The first time I spoke with Marie, she tried logging into her maternity neighborhood portal while we were on the phone, and she then realized that her access had been cut off, similar to accounts we heard from other survivors this season.

Speaker 41 Thankfully, Marie had previously captured her maternity neighborhood information and notes prior to her access being shut off.

Speaker 41 Marie shared with us that she reported her concerns about her care to the Texas Department of License and Regulation, whom she hopes will continue to investigate problematic midwives.

Speaker 41 Thank you for sharing your experience with us, Marie. We wish you all the best in your healing.

Speaker 41 Next, a survivor whom we're calling Grace shares her experiences at a different birth center in Texas. Grace is a health actuary.

Speaker 41 Her job is to analyze claims and forecast risks in the healthcare industry.

Speaker 41 She sought a freestanding birth center in 2018 for her second birth after having an emergency C-section with her first child.

Speaker 41 Grace wanted to attempt what is often referred to as a V-BAC or vaginal birth after cesarean.

Speaker 41 She was drawn to the birth center she ultimately selected because it was covered by her insurance policy.

Speaker 41 According to her birth center charts, her care team included midwives with varying licenses as well as a birth assistant.

Speaker 41 Grace shared that her team did consult with her about potential risks of having a vaginal birth after C-section, but they also assured her she would be about five minutes away from the hospital in the event of an emergency.

Speaker 41 She says she decided to continue on with care and didn't see any major red flags before her labor began. Here's Grace.

Speaker 74 They had given me wormwood to try to encourage labor because I had been about a week past my due date.

Speaker 74 I learned after the fact that if you had a prior C section, that can increase the chances of your uterus tearing.

Speaker 74 The night I started going into labor, my contractions were very strong and getting close together. I had called the midwife a few times.

Speaker 74 She was trying to convince me not to come in and I told her I don't feel comfortable not coming in. My contractions are too strong and too close together.

Speaker 74 And she told me, I can't come in because I'm not falling on the floor and not able to talk due to the pain. I went in and she was annoyed that I came in.
She was...

Speaker 74 Saying some pretty rude things to me. She was trying to convince me to go home.
She would say things like, well, when you're in my house, you're going to follow my rules.

Speaker 74 You do not want someone talking like that to you while you're giving birth. She was also attending another birth, which is not okay when you have a feedback going on.
You need continuous monitoring.

Speaker 74 She would pop in every once in a while and I was starting to have some pretty horrible warning signs. I was bleeding.
I was puking.

Speaker 74 I was experiencing excruciating pain in between contractions, not just during contractions. Those are all uterine rupture warning signs.

Speaker 74 At some point, I'm on the floor, kneeling, and I feel this distinct, large, and painful movement in my uterus.

Speaker 74 Nothing that a baby could do, then just excruciatingly painful, more painful than the contractions. She was like, oh, your baby's just turning around.
I'm like, no, a baby can't move that way.

Speaker 74 And it was all very downhill from there. It turns out that was the pop of my previous scar starting to open.

Speaker 74 She She said, oh, don't worry, this is all part of rapid labor. And she was telling that to my husband.
At that point, not too soon after, I couldn't speak. I couldn't hold up my own body weight.

Speaker 74 My baby's heart rate kept dropping. It was dropping to the 60s, which is very, very low for a baby, very dangerous.
I guess she didn't know because she didn't have much medical training.

Speaker 74 And when you're doing a VBAC, they're supposed to have continuous electronic monitoring.

Speaker 74 Every once in a while, she she would take the baby's heart rate with a handheld Doppler and it was not very frequent. When she did take it, the baby's heart rate was low.

Speaker 74 She noticed that the heart rate was not quite as low if I was on my hands and knees. But I just can't because my organ's tearing apart.

Speaker 74 She wasn't calling the ambulance and I was afraid that if I went into another position, like if I laid down or on my side or anything, I don't know, I just had this feeling my baby would die.

Speaker 74 I was doing everything I could to avoid that. It took superhuman strength.
And to this day, I don't know how I did it.

Speaker 74 I think my husband was just in mental shock, thinking maybe you're watching your wife and baby be in danger and you trust whoever's attending the birth to do what they need to do.

Speaker 74 At some point in the morning, maybe an hour later, the nurse midwife came in, saw the low heart rate.

Speaker 74 freaked out and she told me after the fact that's never something you want to see when you get to work. She called the ambulance.
She gave me terbutylene to try to stop the contractions.

Speaker 74 She put an oxygen mask on me. And then the ambulance takes a while to get somewhere.
They had to load me in the ambulance. That was a very painful process.
And I'm going to the hospital.

Speaker 74 The midwives did not come to the hospital with me or give my medical records to the hospital. The midwife didn't know I was having a urine rupture.

Speaker 74 The nurse midwife didn't come in until an hour after my rupture started. The tear is getting larger and larger as time goes on.
And it was two hours until I got the C-section in the operating room.

Speaker 74 They gave me the epidural. Then they lost my baby's heart rate completely.
So they couldn't wait for the epidural to kick in.

Speaker 74 They gave me ketamine and I had a cross C-section which was a very unpleasant experience. I wouldn't recommend high-dose ketamine.
or a cross-C-section if you can avoid it.

Speaker 74 But the surgeon was amazing. When When he opened me up, my baby's head and hand were in my abdomen, not my uterus.
So his entire head and hand had gone through the opening of my uterus.

Speaker 74 So pretty large tear. It's called a catastrophic uterine rupture.
His head and hands were blue. And the surgeon, he told me afterwards, he took out all my organs, checked them, put them back in.

Speaker 74 And he was just so quick. I mean, he really, really saved our lives.
Ketamine takes effect very quickly. And an epidural takes a few minutes to kick in ketamine.

Speaker 74 It's a very strong hallucinogen, so it's not the mindset you want to have when you're welcoming your baby into the world. I had a very bad trip.

Speaker 74 I had bad hallucinations and I remember after those bad hallucinations, hearing my baby cry for the first time, you know, they cry, that's a healthy sound. And it was just like nightmarish.

Speaker 74 because of the ketamine.

Speaker 74 I'm in this little recovery room just wondering what the heck happened. Freaked out, holding my baby as tight as I can.
And he was just so perfect. Like he actually did recover.

Speaker 74 And it's really a miracle. I've talked to so many OBGYNs and midwives after the fact and done research on that topic.
Babies can die or have brain damage.

Speaker 74 And somehow it was two hours and me and my baby both survived. A lot of the times when a mother has a uterine rupture outside of the hospital, she's at great risk of bleeding out.

Speaker 74 And neither of those things happened. So I think somehow my baby was positioned in just the right way.

Speaker 74 Only the OBG-WN who delivered me and my medical records can attest to it. But I'm here, I'm alive, and I want to do something about it because not everyone had that same outcome.

Speaker 74 But I proactively reached out to them.

Speaker 74 to try to educate and convince them that what they're doing is not safe.

Speaker 74 It's not medically sound, it's very dangerous, they can kill someone, that VBACs are not safe outside of the hospital, that they need to hire people who have more training, they would not listen at all.

Speaker 74 The medical director said that they are doing everything according to standard midwifery practices, and that's true, sadly.

Speaker 74 The week after the birth, I was in a very dark place. I was having flashbacks.
I had my one-week follow-up with the OBGYN.

Speaker 74 He explained to me that I could have died, my baby could have died, we got really lucky. And he explained to me that what I experienced was medical negligence from the birthing center and the midwife.

Speaker 74 He encouraged me to report them to the state of Texas. He told me he was going to report them, but it really helps if the patient reports them too.
So he kind of told me how to do that.

Speaker 41 What's confusing to me is if insurance is covering both, shouldn't they be held to the same standard?

Speaker 74 Yeah, that was my million-dollar question. Why is insurance covering this? In fact, insurance companies these days, it seems like they want to deny even the care you need.

Speaker 74 I knew that insurance companies would not be covering this if they knew it was happening. So I did a few things.

Speaker 74 I did a deep dive claims analysis since I had access to a massive amount of claims data.

Speaker 74 So I could see the results of hospital births versus birthing center births, including the diagnostic codes that the birthing centers were using. This is claims data throughout the entire country.

Speaker 74 Since I'm a health actuary, I had access to that data. I'm lucky that I can actually look into things like this through my line of work.

Speaker 74 And we did find that costs can be a lot higher at the birthing center.

Speaker 74 It looks like it can be a lower cost, but if you have to transfer from a birthing center to a hospital, you're paying for the birthing center.

Speaker 74 you're paying for the ambulance, you're paying for all the costs that happen due to delayed emergency care. you're paying a lot more than if you would have just started birth in the hospital.

Speaker 74 If nothing happens and you're lucky, then the birthing center is less expensive. So we looked at the costs and we looked at the health outcomes and what we found was really startling.

Speaker 74 For example, we have these diagnostic codes. You are only supposed to take a patient at a birthing center if they're low risk.

Speaker 74 But we kept seeing this pattern of the midwife or the birthing center coding the patient as low risk when they're clearly high risk.

Speaker 74 For example, a mom is having their prenatal care at the birthing center. They might also see another provider outside of the birthing center for whatever reason.

Speaker 74 And the urgent care or the ER or the other provider codes them as a high risk pregnancy and the birthing center keeps coding them as a low risk pregnancy. So that's concerning.

Speaker 74 It either highlights lack of training, don't know what the heck you're doing if you can't even identify a high risk pregnancy, or a level of deception.

Speaker 74 And I can't speak to why people do what they do, but it's possible that both could be happening in different situations.

Speaker 74 What I found through looking into it a lot is insurance companies don't know that they're covering this. So the volume of people at birthing centers is still very low compared to at hospitals.

Speaker 74 And insurance companies are going to focus their time on the highest volume things, the things they know about. You don't know what you don't know.

Speaker 74 I started advocating for insurance companies to look at their coverage policies.

Speaker 74 Most providers go through a rigorous credentialing process in order to be covered by insurance, but the midwives don't because only the birthing center is going through this credentialing process.

Speaker 74 So that responsibility does fall under them. But as I started highlighting what was happening, I got a lot of different reactions.

Speaker 74 A lot of people didn't believe me that it was happening because they figured if this was happening, someone would be fixing it.

Speaker 74 Trust me, I did not want to share my personal story with a lot of older men who were much higher up in the company than I was, but I kind of had to to at least get something done.

Speaker 74 You know, I didn't do it for me. I did it to try to help other families not go through what I went through.

Speaker 74 So I kept pressing until eventually I ended up presenting to a chief medical officer at a large insurance company. He thanked me for bringing the issue to his attention.

Speaker 74 He directed me to the right person at the company who can make sure they're not paying for high-risk births outside of the hospital.

Speaker 74 And I've tried to highlight this issue to a few insurance companies since then. I will always remember what that chief medical officer told me.
He said, keep doing what you're doing.

Speaker 74 If you get pushback, keep doing it. I didn't tell him what an uphill battle it had been to get this issue addressed or to get time on his calendar to present to him.

Speaker 74 But when someone says something to you like that, they know how hard it is to fight for patient safety because they've seen it before.

Speaker 74 And that's just one of the sad aspects of healthcare in the United States. But what I did, it's probably the most important thing I've ever done in my career and that I ever will do.

Speaker 74 And I won't get a thank you for it because you can't thank the person who avoided something happening to you.

Speaker 74 I just feel really compassionate towards people who've been through this or who are considering a birthing center.

Speaker 41 Thank you so, so much.

Speaker 43 Six friends, one dinner, and then the bill.

Speaker 45 Suddenly, it's giving SAT math section.

Speaker 48 Now the check looks like rent in Manhattan.

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Speaker 41 Next, Lee Franzen, a former midwife, shares the troubling realities behind questionable and dangerous practices she says she witnessed during her time as a student and midwife.

Speaker 41 Lee shared that during the early 2000s, she received her midwifery education through the now-closed International School of Midwifery in Miami, Florida.

Speaker 41 Lee alleges that as her studies progressed, so did her concerns. Here's Lee.

Speaker 76 I learned very early on that

Speaker 76 We were doing things we were not supposed to be doing. We were using the vacuum, for example, to assist deliveries, and we did not write it down.

Speaker 76 It did not go in the chart and we didn't talk about it openly. So if you wanted to tell another student what happened, you might say something like, well, she had to eat some fruit.

Speaker 76 Some people have heard me talk about this and have said, well, why didn't you get out of there?

Speaker 76 All I can say is that it felt like we were doing something good.

Speaker 76 It felt like we were breaking the law for all the right reasons.

Speaker 76 I learned how to make placenta pills. Placenta pills are where you take a woman's placenta and you cut pieces off of it, put it into a dehydrator, and then you grind it up into a powder.

Speaker 76 And then you take that powder, you put it into capsules, and you give them these capsules and tell them to swallow them. We made placenta pills for everybody who wanted them.
It was extremely popular.

Speaker 76 This was in the early to mid-2000s. Probably 80%

Speaker 76 or more of our clients took their placenta pills. There was actually a bust where they came in and they took all of the placenta pill-making equipment.

Speaker 76 And when I say they, I don't remember exactly which government agency it was, but it was a government agency that showed up and took all the placenta pill-making stuff.

Speaker 41 Reports from WCTV and the Miami Herald about this incident have have since been removed.

Speaker 41 But in January of 2009, other online reports shared details from the now removed articles published by the aforementioned sources, which read, On Christmas Eve, a joint investigation by government agencies led to a search warrant at the Miami Maternity Center.

Speaker 41 Staff was accused of commingling placentas while dehydrating and encapsulating them.

Speaker 41 Midwife Sherry Daniels denies the claims, suggesting the raid was fueled by anger from local obstetricians who charge more for deliveries.

Speaker 76 It came to light at that point that the hygiene practices at this birth center were pretty abysmal.

Speaker 76 The fact that we used to have multiple different women's placentas drying in the same dehydrator at the same time.

Speaker 76 The fact that sometimes you would mix up whose placenta was whose.

Speaker 76 I remember that one time I was cleaning out the grinder and I was really trying to get it clean because I was going from one person's placenta to the next person's placenta.

Speaker 76 And the senior student saw me and she was like, what are you doing? And I said, well, I'm cleaning out the grinder between placentas.

Speaker 76 And she kind of laughed and rolled her eyes and she was like, we don't do that. You go straight from one placenta to the next.
It was one of those things. I was just part of the culture.

Speaker 76 I thought to myself, well, what's the point of me being so fastidious if no one else is?

Speaker 76 I found out that was not the only thing that was happening at that birth center that was not legal.

Speaker 76 We were allowed to start IVs, but there were things going into those IVs that shouldn't have been going in there according to the law.

Speaker 76 Sometimes we would give someone an herbal supplement, and I'm putting herbal supplements in quotes because it wasn't actually an herbal supplement it was cytotech which is a medication that's used to induce labor but she was not being informed that she was given cytotech.

Speaker 41 Misoprostol, often marketed under the brand name cytotech, is a drug primarily used to prevent and treat stomach ulcers.

Speaker 41 However, in obstetrics and gynecology, it can be used for various purposes, including medical management of miscarriage, induction of labor, and cervical ripening before surgical procedures and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage.

Speaker 76 There were women that were being told that evening primrose oil was being inserted vaginally when, in fact, the midwife was inserting cytotech.

Speaker 76 So midwives would crush up cytotech and put it in their tea and say, I'm giving you some herbal tea. to help you get some more energy.
I don't know how often it happened, but it happened.

Speaker 76 I witnessed it a few times myself, and I know it's happened other times as well. I wasn't happy about that.

Speaker 76 I remember I had to get myself to calm down and tell myself, you're so close to graduating, you're almost done here.

Speaker 76 Just put your head down, keep doing what you need to do to graduate, and when you leave here, you can do things better. You can make sure that people have informed consent.

Speaker 76 I just kind of hung on to that and I did what I had to do to graduate and get out of there. I was in the school for three years.
In that time, I managed 50 births and I attended 75 more.

Speaker 76 When I say managed, I had caught 50 babies, as we say.

Speaker 76 And it felt like an impressive number. Everyone I told seemed to think, oh, wow, that's a lot.
So I felt pretty well prepared to get out there and start being a midwife.

Speaker 41 After leaving the now closed International School of Midwifery, Lee went on to open a birth center in South Carolina alongside two direct entry midwives and a nurse who was in the middle of seeking her midwifery licensure.

Speaker 41 Lee reported the birth center was highly successful within its first year of operation and that they began making a lot of money.

Speaker 41 Their birth center was conveniently close to the border of North Carolina, which she stated helped residents of North Carolina who didn't want to receive care from a more expensive state-mandated certified nurse midwife.

Speaker 41 Their clients could cross state lines to access their birth center instead, which she says helped build their client base quickly.

Speaker 76 Insurance was paying us well, people were paying us a lot of cash. There was never an issue.

Speaker 41 Were you required to carry malpractice insurance?

Speaker 76 There was no requirement for malpractice insurance for a licensed midwife. As a birth center, we were required to have what was called professional liability insurance.

Speaker 76 I remember that we were concerned that this would be really expensive. It was not very expensive.
It was definitely not cost prohibitive.

Speaker 41 What do you recall your transport rates being like where your clients are needing to go to the hospital due to whatever complication they're experiencing during birth?

Speaker 76 I don't know the exact transport rate for our facility.

Speaker 76 And honestly, I don't even know the transport rate for the other midwives. What I can tell you is that my transport rate for first-time moms was about 25%.

Speaker 76 And at the time,

Speaker 76 I thought that that was way too high.

Speaker 76 I thought that

Speaker 76 it was a sign that I was doing something wrong.

Speaker 76 Now,

Speaker 76 when I look back and I think about how I transported 25% of my first-time moms, I'm actually so glad that I did because

Speaker 76 when you're being compassionate and taking someone to the hospital for pain relief because they're having a long, difficult labor, that should not be seen as a flaw.

Speaker 76 In Florida, our transport rate was like 5%.

Speaker 76 It was very low. You would expect it to be higher, but we were kind of cheating.

Speaker 76 We were using Pitocin and we were using Kiwi vacuums and we were getting those babies out one way or the other instead of transporting. I mean, there's no real accountability.

Speaker 76 Nobody is checking to see if the rate I'm advertising or telling people is accurate. So you're completely taking my word for it.

Speaker 76 I remember this one birth. It was another midwife's client.
And this young woman had been in labor for a very, very long time and she was really suffering.

Speaker 76 I was in the break room and I could hear her just crying and begging to go to the hospital.

Speaker 76 I could overhear the midwives talking her out of it saying, if you go to the hospital, they're not even going to do anything for you.

Speaker 76 It's going to be hours of just waiting, telling her all the reasons she doesn't want to go to the hospital and what a bad experience she'll have if she goes to the hospital.

Speaker 76 And I'm overhearing this thinking, they're lying to her. And it made me so angry.

Speaker 76 I remember when the other midwives midwives came into the break room, I snapped at them like, she's begging to go. Why aren't you taking her?

Speaker 76 And

Speaker 76 they were shocked that I would speak to them this way. And one of them says to me, why are you even here?

Speaker 76 Meaning like, why was I at the birth center? Why was I a midwife at all?

Speaker 76 And I remember just saying, I'm here.

Speaker 76 because

Speaker 76 it's the woman's choice to be here and to do this. And she's telling you this isn't her choice anymore.
I think that was the beginning of the end for me.

Speaker 76 I did not get along well with the other midwives. And we had a lot of disagreements.
Some of them were about issues of safety. And we butted had enough time.

Speaker 76 And at some point, they decided to get rid of me. And so the three of them voted me out.

Speaker 76 I felt like I should be upset about being voted out, and yet I mostly felt relief. The only part that I hated

Speaker 76 was that I had numerous clients that were due to give birth at the birth center.

Speaker 76 When

Speaker 76 I

Speaker 76 was forced out of the birth center that I had founded with three partners,

Speaker 76 the first thing I did was was figure out how to go finish my bachelor's degree.

Speaker 76 I had attended a couple years of community college and then I had gone to midwifery school and gotten my associates in midwifery.

Speaker 76 I went back to school and once I was out of that world, I was able to be a little bit more honest with myself about how I felt and thought about my experiences. The more I

Speaker 76 thought about it, the more I was just really, really glad that I was out of there and doing something else. So I stopped attending births right away and never really looked back.

Speaker 41 I'd love to hear what led you to start your blog, The Honest Midwife, and share the devastating realities behind some of what you saw in Midwifery.

Speaker 76 When I graduated from midwifery school, I knew that I wanted to open my own birth center. I was researching and trying to put together a solid plan.

Speaker 76 I ran across a blog on the internet that was critical of home birth midwifery. It talked a lot about the dangers of giving birth at home.
And I had never seen this kind of information before.

Speaker 76 I had just graduated. I had big plans.

Speaker 76 And yet this information was not something that I felt I could ignore. So I started reading it and I decided that I was going to use it to make me a safer practitioner.

Speaker 76 I do think it made me a safer practitioner, but it wasn't enough to make make me want to quit. It was enough to make me want to be better.

Speaker 76 When I was forced out, I already had a lot of knowledge about what was going on.

Speaker 76 In school, I decided to do a deeper dive. I was studying psychology.
And I was very interested in how people evaluate evidence and make decisions for themselves in their health care.

Speaker 76 So

Speaker 76 I used that as inspiration for my honors thesis. I wrote what basically amounted to a short book about my experiences and about

Speaker 76 my developing understanding of why people choose to have their babies at home with midwives. and why midwives do what they do.

Speaker 76 Once I had written all of that, I tried to connect with other like-minded people

Speaker 76 and I was able to find people online that were supportive and were able to guide me and suggested that I turn that project into a blog. When I left the birth center in 2013,

Speaker 76 Within several months of my leaving, there were three babies that died at that birth center.

Speaker 76 And I did find out after the fact that there was at least one more death associated with that birth center, but it had occurred at a home birth where the woman had received her prenatal care at the birth center.

Speaker 76 That was not really shared and didn't make the news.

Speaker 76 So there was actually a minimum of four babies whose deaths are associated with that birth center.

Speaker 76 This had a big impact on me because even though I wasn't there, I knew that I had had a huge hand in starting that birth center.

Speaker 76 And that was

Speaker 76 really

Speaker 76 disturbing and heavy for me.

Speaker 76 I knew at that point that I had an obligation to share what I knew about what had most likely led to the deaths of those babies, which was that we were offering substandard care.

Speaker 41 Do you know if they faced any sort of legal or civil action because of those deaths?

Speaker 76 I don't know of any civil repercussions, and I know there was never

Speaker 76 any criminal repercussions. One of the births where the baby died led to a coroner's inquest, which I attended.
The coroner's inquest was 2015.

Speaker 76 The finding from that coroner's inquest would determine whether the death was natural, accidental, or homicide.

Speaker 76 And it was ruled a homicide.

Speaker 76 So yes, the death was a homicide, but no, the midwife was not prosecuted in any way. And as far as I know, continues to practice with no repercussion.

Speaker 76 I was not required to be there. I attended because it happened at the birth center that I started.

Speaker 76 And I wanted to be able to document what had happened. I did post a three-part series on my blog.
about that coroner's inquest. It goes into great detail as to what occurred at that birth.

Speaker 76 And I put my commentary along the way that talks about what was testified and then gives my reaction to it. The sad thing is that everything that happened at that birth sounded so familiar to me and

Speaker 76 there were several major missteps that were made that I've seen made over and over and over again. They just don't usually result in the death of a baby.

Speaker 76 Usually with birth, everything works out despite mistakes, despite carelessness. But in this case, it all caught up with them.

Speaker 41 As reported by the Charlotte Observer in June 2015, a York County South Carolina jury ruled the death of a newborn at Carolina Community Maternity Center in Fort Mill as a homicide.

Speaker 41 The baby who died from meconium aspiration shortly after birth on January 20th, 2015, showed no signs of trauma.

Speaker 41 Despite the inquest's verdict, investigators found no evidence of criminal negligence and no charges were filed.

Speaker 41 The Freestanding Birth Center, Carolina Community Maternity Center, closed around February 2015 and returned its license to the state.

Speaker 41 Here's Amanda.

Speaker 78 When you listen to podcasts or you have influencers on Instagram or what have you, keep in mind that those people are in different states and regulations in different states are different.

Speaker 78 There's different types of midwives who have different types of education. And I didn't know that going in.
Even all the research I did,

Speaker 78 I thought all midwives were nurses. And that is not the case.

Speaker 78 I'm not saying that all CPMs are bad and I'm not saying that all CNMs are good, but I think that that should definitely be taken into consideration when somebody is looking into using a midwife.

Speaker 78 And you can look up how long someone has been a midwife through the TDLR website or CNMs through the Board of Nursing website. I didn't know that you could do that.

Speaker 78 It never crossed my mind because I've never gone into a doctor's office or a hospital and asked for anybody's licensing and how long they've been licensed.

Speaker 78 You go into a place for healthcare, expecting those people to be trustworthy and knowledgeable. And sometimes that's just not the case.
So I would say do your research,

Speaker 78 search for those midwives' names or those birth center names and see what people have said about those midwives and those birth centers. That's where you're going to get the most accurate information.

Speaker 78 There's a lot of misinformation out there. and I wish I had known what I know now then,

Speaker 78 because I don't think that I would have chosen origins.

Speaker 78 When I had that conversation with Caitlin one week postpartum, I told her that I was going to be the voice for the moms that didn't feel like they could stand up for themselves.

Speaker 78 When me and Kristen and Marquita started talking about all of this, we just wanted to save one mom and one baby.

Speaker 78 And I think we've we've saved tons of moms and tons of babies already we're not against midwifery we all chose that route we want midwives to hold themselves to a higher standard so that everybody can have these options i don't know anybody who would be against that

Speaker 41 i think that it's very inspiring what you've all accomplished collectively community coming together can feel rare in these times.

Speaker 41 And when people come together to help one another and to make their communities safer, I think that's very inspiring and very just encouraging.

Speaker 78 We appreciate you for letting us tell our stories. I think a lot of us felt alone in all of this.
We don't want anyone to feel alone in this.

Speaker 41 Here's Marquita.

Speaker 79 It's supposed to be one of your most beautiful experiences, but for me, it's one of the most traumatic ones that I've ever experienced.

Speaker 79 It has

Speaker 79 completely altered my mindfame around me personally giving birth with a midwife and at a birthing center outside of a hospital. I don't think that I will ever be able to bring myself to do that again.

Speaker 79 My next pregnancy will be in hospital. It just changed my perspective on the holistic aspect of labor and delivery.

Speaker 79 Now, I think that it's still possible for some mothers, but I do highly suggest that you be very diligent whenever you're searching for a birth center or a midwife and to always have maybe a secondary provider.

Speaker 79 For the medical professionals, whenever we receive our license, we are to follow the Nurses Practice Act, I believe is what it's called.

Speaker 79 We're supposed to provide unbiased, professional, competent, compassionate care.

Speaker 79 And that applies to everyone, regardless of skin, regardless of financial status.

Speaker 79 I just think that we have to really make sure that as health care providers, that we are providing the best competent care for everyone.

Speaker 79 And think about if it was your mother, your sister, your daughter or wife, how would you want them to be treated by their health care professional?

Speaker 79 If we are going to go the route of out of hospital first, these midwives definitely need to have a standard of care and they need to be upheld to that standard of care and they need to be held accountable just as other medical providers would be held accountable.

Speaker 41 What do you hope that listeners consider when hearing all of your stories this season and taking in this information?

Speaker 79 I hope that whenever they are looking into whatever care that they decide to go with, that they just really, really do their due diligence and they really research who they're going to allow be in such a precious moment.

Speaker 79 If you are a religious person, pray that you have the discernment to make the right decisions whenever you're choosing a provider.

Speaker 79 If you're listening and something tragic like this has happened to you, sorry doesn't even cover it. I love you.
I'm praying for you, whoever has experienced this. Time

Speaker 79 helps heal the pain. I don't think it will ever go away, but it gets just a little bit easier as time goes on.
And don't lose hope on your dream birth because it still can happen.

Speaker 79 For us to come together and help other mothers who have experienced this or prevent mothers from experiencing this or help mothers have amazing experiences.

Speaker 79 It's just been really great to be there for one another because it's not easy.

Speaker 41 Thank you so much for your willingness to be so vulnerable and to share with all of us. It's truly an honor to be able to hold space for Malik.
You're incredibly inspiring.

Speaker 41 I too will be praying for you and holding all of you and your loved ones in my heart as well.

Speaker 79 Thank you so much. I appreciate y'all for taking the time to allow our voices to be heard and allowing us to to hopefully help other mothers.

Speaker 41 Here's Kristen's husband, Thomas.

Speaker 80 This still affects me to this day.

Speaker 50 I'm not a normal dad.

Speaker 80 I know the tendency are some parents to be helicopter parents and hover over their kid and be concerned for their safety, but I really live a good part of my life now feeling like doom is just right around the corner.

Speaker 80 Tomorrow something is going to happen. It'd just all be ripped away.
The biggest thing that I want to say is that that is the product of this.

Speaker 80 Luckily, we have a beautiful baby boy and he is as healthy as can be. I don't know how long I can enjoy it as fully as I can without being scared that something's going to take that away.

Speaker 80 Jennifer, quote unquote, midwife to take care of us, wasn't licensed at the time that she was seeing us. You know, her license started May of 2022.
Our son was born in February of 2022.

Speaker 80 Jennifer recently admitted that she was unlicensed at the time. She comes right out and says it.

Speaker 80 Regardless of what your bosses or employers are telling you, if you know that you're not licensed and you are treating people, seeing people on your own, you're part of that negligence.

Speaker 80 I don't drive a car without a license. I don't need somebody to tell me it's okay or not.

Speaker 80 It is concerning that that is allowed to go on in the heart of a major city across from one of the biggest hospitals in the state.

Speaker 80 If this is happening here, like imagine what's happening in rural communities throughout Texas.

Speaker 80 The sickening thing is, is these people are using that movement of women empowerment and women discovering their autonomy and they're using that to make money.

Speaker 80 These owners prey upon someone's desire to take their autonomy and their body back from this patriarchal system that we live in and then use that against them.

Speaker 80 Where are we going to stand up for women in this way? I would love to see. the laws and the regulation around midwifery and women's care in general change.

Speaker 80 I would also love to see birth trauma be taken seriously and sharing my story with people, whether on social media or in real life, I've had so many people, especially women, tell me about their own birth trauma.

Speaker 80 I've even had men tell me about their partner's birth trauma. You don't hear people talking about birth trauma survivors.
I would love for that to change.

Speaker 80 I would love that to be something that as a society we talk about and really validate and support survivors. And of course, I would like some justice for this.

Speaker 80 I don't want a lawsuit and things like that. I would much rather see licenses be taken away and people being criminally punished for this.

Speaker 41 Thank you so much for taking the time and for everything you shared.

Speaker 80 Absolutely. And I just want to say too, this was my idea.
I hope you notice. I'm actually a big fan of the show.
I said, you should hit up. Something was wrong.
So here we are.

Speaker 41 It's all because of you, Thomas. All of my male listeners impress me so much.
Shout out to them. More rare, but we love you guys all the same.

Speaker 41 Here's Kristen.

Speaker 75 This has never been about getting rid of midwifery or abolishing midwifery or insert X thing that people like to say about us and our organization.

Speaker 75 We see on Instagram and on social media these perfect, beautiful births that are happening in out-of-hospital settings. But we don't talk about what happens when things go wrong.

Speaker 75 I've had someone say this to me before, I can never do what you're doing. You absolutely can.
Let me tell you, before all this, I definitely was not like a confrontational person.

Speaker 75 I kept mostly to myself. I wasn't a leader of a movement.
I didn't feel like I had that in me. But when the only other option is to do it yourself and your reason why

Speaker 75 is meaningful enough, important enough, you will do the damn thing regardless of how scared you are, regardless of how confident or not confident you are. When I started this, I had no confidence.

Speaker 75 I was like, I have no idea what I'm doing. And everyone's going to be able to see it the moment I walk into a room.
Even now, sometimes I feel that way. I have imposter syndrome.

Speaker 75 I'm no expert in what I'm doing, but I know that if I do it right, that this could potentially save lives. That propels me to figure it out.
And that's what all of us are doing.

Speaker 75 Anybody who has ever started a movement or a nonprofit or became a lobbyist or whatever, they started from ground zero, which meant I know nothing about this, but I have a reason.

Speaker 75 And so I'm going to figure it out. And that is how you do things like this.
I would like to think that most people could take up arms and do this. I'm extremely grateful.

Speaker 75 It was not by my own fruition that has gotten us this far. It is by everyone who's entrusted me with a story, everyone who has reached out to me to give me information to help me along my way.

Speaker 75 Anybody who's reached out with the power to help, with the ability to help, that is what's helped us get this far. And I'm so grateful to all of those individuals.

Speaker 75 In Frozen 2, Anna sings the song, The Next Right Thing, even though internally she's feeling awful. She's in despair.

Speaker 75 and she chooses to do the next right thing and that led her to all the things that led to the solution and the happy ending that you see in frozen the quote from that song the next right thing repeats in my head often just keep walking keep moving doing the next right thing and i think i'll eventually get to where i want to go

Speaker 41 thank you so much it's truly an honor and shout out to dallas texas one of something was wrong's largest listenership cities since the beginning We're not only able to make that direct impact and reach people who live there who need to know about this information, but also hopefully educate other people who are considering childbirth and give people a more educated understanding of like the things to look out for, the red flags to look out for, the ways that we need to understand how we can advocate for ourselves in medical situations.

Speaker 41 So I just appreciate y'all so, so much.

Speaker 75 I just appreciate what you do so much. I truly do.
I admired your podcast before, and I'm so honored to be here, to be able to tell my story.

Speaker 75 If this changes one person's mind or makes one person ask questions about safe practices in their state, we've made the dream come true.

Speaker 75 So thank you so much for giving us the opportunity to speak here. I really appreciate you, Tiffany.

Speaker 41 Thank you again to everyone who contributed this season.

Speaker 41 Our hope is that in the future, regardless of where people plan to seek care, we can all work together to help solve the maternal health care crisis.

Speaker 41 Something Was Wrong is a broken cycle media production, created and produced by executive producer Tiffany Reese, associate producers Amy B.

Speaker 41 Chesler, and Lily Rowe, with audio editing and music design by Becca High.

Speaker 41 Thank you to our extended team, Lauren Barkman, our social media marketing manager, and Sarah Stewart, our graphic artist.

Speaker 41 Thank you to Marissa, Travis, and our team at WME, Wondry, Jason and Jennifer, our cybersecurity team, Dark Box Security, and my lawyer, Alan.

Speaker 41 Thank you endlessly to every survivor who has ever trusted us with their stories. And thank you, each and every listener, for making our show possible with your support and listenership.

Speaker 41 Special shout out to Emily Wolf for covering Gladrag's original song, You Think You for Us This Season. For more music by Emily Wolf, check out the episode notes or your favorite music streaming app.

Speaker 41 Speaking of episode notes, there, every week you'll find episode-specific content warnings, sources, and resources. Until next time, stay safe, friends.

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Speaker 61 Physical card only includes with a paid Klarna membership plan.

Speaker 70 It's why Guardian is America's favorite kids' bike, and the New York Times and Wirecutters top pick three years in a row.

S23 Ep16: Money Will Take Over (FINALE)

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