The Infinite Monkey’s Guide to... The Supernatural

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Speaker 7 BBC Sounds, Music, Radio, Podcasts.

Speaker 8 You're about to listen to an episode of the Infinite Monkeys Guide 2. Episodes will be released on Wednesdays, wherever you get your podcasts.

Speaker 8 But if you're in the UK, you can listen to new episodes a week early, first, on BBC Sounds.

Speaker 9 Hello, I'm Robin Ince.

Speaker 1 And I'm Brian Cox.

Speaker 1 Welcome to the Infinite Monkeys Guide 2, a new series in which we go through our extensive back catalogue of shows about event horizons, quantum superpositions, and obviously dead strawberries.

Speaker 1 This week, it's the Infinite Monkeys Guide to the Supernatural.

Speaker 8 I mean, there's no such thing, it's either natural or it doesn't exist. And we'll get to that.

Speaker 10 Are you sure?

Speaker 1 I thought there was an equation to prove the existence of ghosts. Is there not?

Speaker 9 No.

Speaker 1 If a dead cat is alive,

Speaker 9 you sure?

Speaker 8 We've been lucky enough to have people who've stood on the moon, won Nobel Prizes, stared back to the origin of the universe, and stopped Robin talking, which is extremely important, by using a magnetic pulse to his motor region.

Speaker 1 To be honest, even I enjoyed the silence. Anyway, we're going to offer you some handy guides to the known universe and perhaps a little bit of conjecture about the unknown universe.

Speaker 8 Now, today we're going to be looking at a subject that led to some of our highest numbers of complaints, rightly so in my view, in particular though, from the recently deceased.

Speaker 1 Our first foray into the supernatural was in an episode about ghosts and demons.

Speaker 8 Now, I've got to tell you, this led to one of our favourite complaints about lack of diversity on the panel, because this is true. We got a complaint that the panel was only made up of living people.

Speaker 8 The complaint was the dead are not represented.

Speaker 1 We replied to the complainant, there was a ghost on the panel. Didn't you hear them? And that's when they asked us to stop replying to the complaints ourselves and just leave it to the BBC.

Speaker 1 It's the human imagination and what it can populate the world with that, in many ways, most interests me.

Speaker 1 And Professor Richard Wiseman told us about how many people believe they've experienced something ghostly or uncanny.

Speaker 12 We did a survey survey recently and one in four people experienced, or said they'd experienced some ghost-like phenomena. And of those experiences, the most common one is what

Speaker 12 people refer to as the incubus, which is the little demonic figure that comes in the middle of the night and sits on your chest, pins you down, makes you sexually aroused and scares you.

Speaker 12 At least that's what he does to me. I don't know about

Speaker 12 I now realize that I could be overgeneralizing my own experiences and no one else.

Speaker 8 But for those of you listening on the the radio, he did that purely with the look on his face.

Speaker 16 But no, the look on your face did not suggest that you were the victim. The look on your face suggested a man who occasionally dons a sheet and thinks I'll go into that room.

Speaker 16 A man who's using psychology, possibly for evil, yet again.

Speaker 12 Anyway, so the

Speaker 12 incubus, which has been around a long time, basically

Speaker 12 takes very many different forms. And so if you're into alien abduction, you think it's an alien that's sitting on your chest.

Speaker 12 And if you're into ghosts, then it's a spirit rather than a demonic force like the incubus. So

Speaker 12 what's interesting about the experience is you find it in pretty much every different culture throughout time, and there's a very good psychological explanation for it. I don't know what it is, but

Speaker 12 no, I do.

Speaker 12 It's that when we dream, we become paralyzed, so we don't act out our dreams and injure ourselves.

Speaker 12 And as we drift from dream state into waking state, some of the bizarre imagery comes across, and so does the notion of being paralyzed.

Speaker 12 And you try and interpret that, you try and make sense of it, and you think, oh oh my goodness, I'm paralyzed. Must be somebody holding me down.
Now, oh my goodness, I see this evil spirit.

Speaker 12 That's what's happening there.

Speaker 12 And what's really interesting is that that experience that can be terrifying for people if you buy into the idea of demonic forces or ghosts or aliens, once you explain the psychology, is actually not at all scary.

Speaker 17 So some people have had this, people can actually kind of embrace the cure for it and will take on reason in this because obviously the battle of reason against superstition is a difficult one.

Speaker 12 Absolutely. Same with hearing voices.
I mean, if you hear voices, you think it's the voice of God God or the dead, that's scary.

Speaker 12 As soon as you know that our brain produces internal dialogue for all sorts of reasons, actually, it's not so scary. So, in that sense, being rational can help you.

Speaker 12 Saying that, there are genuine demonic forces out there.

Speaker 16 Which I imagine your next book will probably deal with.

Speaker 12 My next book, Genuine Demonic Forces.

Speaker 17 See you in your room later. I'll be in the sheets.

Speaker 8 Now, physicists don't own the copyright on mysterious cats. Andy Andy Nyman told us about a psychic.

Speaker 9 You know, I mean, right,

Speaker 8 anyway, and a piano-playing cat.

Speaker 19 There used to be a hilarious psychic hour on a London radio station.

Speaker 19 And I was listening to it, and there was a woman on there who was a phone in, and she'd phoned into the psychic and said, This extraordinary thing happened.

Speaker 19 I don't know that you're going to be able to explain this. She said, I live at home with my cats.
And not making it up, but I felt like saying,

Speaker 19 so at home with my my cats, and I have a piano. And I'd gone to bed, and the piano was down,

Speaker 19 and I went to bed, and I suddenly heard four or five notes playing on the piano. And I came back down and had a look, and the thing was down, and it was, you know, couldn't have been the cats.

Speaker 19 So they had a sceptic on there as well.

Speaker 19 And the skeptic said to her, look, well, one of the interesting things is that pianos, because it's a string instrument, you know, fundamentally, in that they contract and expand in heat, and sometimes you'll find in changes of temperature that you will, it sounds like notes are playing.

Speaker 19 And she went, hmm.

Speaker 19 And then the psychic said, the other thing is that fairies play notes.

Speaker 21 And she went, yes, yes, I think that play.

Speaker 19 What's extraordinary is that the desire to believe it is so overwhelming that all logic flies out of the window to just grasp onto something magical.

Speaker 8 Neither of us would would argue that unidentified flying objects exist. They do exist because there are flying things that are not identified.

Speaker 8 But it is a big leap to go from that's unidentified, I don't know what it is, to I don't know what that is.

Speaker 8 So I think that an alien civilization evolved way in advance of us, travelled across thousands or even millions of light years, came down to the earth and then just landed and bothered a few cows and a farmer saw them and then they took off again.

Speaker 10 Yeah, it does seem to to be a bit of a leap, doesn't it?

Speaker 1 From, oh, I don't know what that is, to I don't know what that is. So the only thing it could be is an alien intelligence that's come to probe me.

Speaker 8 Yeah, the fact that it came to you to probe and the use of the word intelligence is, I agree.

Speaker 20 They don't fit.

Speaker 1 It can't go straight to a brain like yours, Brian. Your brain's so complex.
Mine is just a simple burst of urges.

Speaker 8 Well, maybe they were going into the right part of your anatomy.

Speaker 1 I didn't say where I was going to be probed, thank you very much. In the ear.
I just meant a nasal probe. What? Oh, this is disgusting.

Speaker 1 I still love, and you know this, Igor and Boris Strigatsky's book, Roadside Picnic, which actually postulates that rather than the aliens coming to either bother us or bother cows, they won't even notice any of us exist.

Speaker 1 They'll just use the Earth as a lay-by, have a picnic, chuck all their rubbish out, and leave again.

Speaker 8 Anyway, when we decided to talk about the possibility of E.T. having visited Earth, we went to an inhabitant of the city that has the UK's highest recorded number of UFO sightings.

Speaker 8 And that city is Hull. How do they say it? Hull.

Speaker 1 It's never dull in Hull. It is never dull in Hull.

Speaker 8 Here's comedian Lucy Beaumont.

Speaker 7 Well, the conversation went like this, isn't it, Brian? I said to you, do you believe in aliens? And you said, no.

Speaker 7 And I said, you're wrong.

Speaker 8 That was it. It was more.

Speaker 21 It wasn't really a chat.

Speaker 8 It was a disagreement.

Speaker 7 And then I said, in Hull, Brian, and you laughed at that, and that annoyed me, actually.

Speaker 7 And I explained to you that me and my mum saw an object that was sort of like, it was sort of like solid yet fluid, sort of iridescent, and it just sort of floated up past the window and disappeared.

Speaker 7 And I said to Brian, what could that have been? And you said, a balloon.

Speaker 16 To be honest, that's his aunt to normally everything.

Speaker 15 He just loves balloons.

Speaker 8 As opposed to a spacecraft that had travelled across interstellar distances to hull.

Speaker 8 Then floated up to your window and then disappeared back to Alpha Centauri or from...

Speaker 7 So you've changed your mind now, have you?

Speaker 14 No, I think the balloon is the more likely explanation.

Speaker 1 We should preface the next clip with a spoiler alert. There may be some refutation of Father Christmas, but admittedly we made sure that that show didn't go out till Boxing Day 2011.

Speaker 1 Then it was safe to refute Santa because, of course, he'd already brought me all the presents. As far as I remember, Brian got a speed boat and I got a Satsuma.

Speaker 8 And some walnuts.

Speaker 1 Some walnut shells.

Speaker 8 So did he deliver walnuts to you and then eat the walnuts and just leave the shells there?

Speaker 1 Yeah, do you know what was even more annoying, right? I left out a little mince pie for him, but that wasn't enough. He went to the fridge and ate the whole of the turkey as well.

Speaker 16 Before it was cooked.

Speaker 1 Yeah. I've had enough of Santa.

Speaker 1 Anyway, Roger Heifel told Richard Dawkins some of the issues Father Christmas faces on his yearly mission and from that point onwards that is why Richard Dawkins really does believe Santa's real.

Speaker 11 Now Roger as Robin said you've written a book called Can Reindeer Fly in which you outline the difficulties Santa faces on Christmas Eve amongst other things and I thought I'd summarise the difficulties and then you can tell me how he gets around it.

Speaker 11 So he has to visit approximately 2 billion children.

Speaker 11 Assuming that there are 2.5 children per household, that's about 800 million stops on Christmas Eve and if we assume that they're equally spread across the land masses of the the planet, each house occupies about 0.069 square miles, which means the distance between each is on average about 0.26 miles.

Speaker 11 And given that he has 48 hours on Christmas Eve, if he journeys across the international date line in the direction of the Earth's rotation, one can calculate that he has two ten thousandths of a second per household.

Speaker 11 His sleigh must therefore travel at 1,279 miles per second, which is Mach 6,395.

Speaker 15 How does he do that? How does he do that?

Speaker 15 Well,

Speaker 13 of course, like anything in science, there are rival theories out there. Now,

Speaker 13 if you talk to Larry Silverberg of North Carolina State University, he's very into the warp-drive sleigh concept.

Speaker 13 And, you know, there's some beautiful work talking about how you can warp space-time and get up to extremely, maybe even near or beyond relative to some points,

Speaker 13 light-speed velocities. Then you've got people like Ian Stewart, who talks about warping space and and time with wormholes, so you can wriggle from one region in space-time to another.

Speaker 13 You can wriggle through all those chimneys as well, though. Yeah, well, that's right.
But this is where the other.

Speaker 13 Now, in fact, it sounds like you're a member of the third camp, Richard, which is quantum teleportation.

Speaker 13 So if you talk to Anton Zielinger and people of the University of Vienna and Charles Bennett of IBM, they're quite into quantum teleportation, but of course you've got to define the quantum state of Santa.

Speaker 13 That means an awful lot of information. I mean, if I diced up Brian down to the last millimeter, that would be about 10 gigabytes of info.

Speaker 13 But I think if I define the quantum state of Brian, that would be something like 10 to the 32 bits. There's a massive amount of information there.

Speaker 8 And of course,

Speaker 13 don't look so surprised. I mean, I don't know.

Speaker 15 Would you like another show?

Speaker 8 Now, in the summer of that year, we decided to prove that science was and still is, is, always was, the new rock and roll, but with tighter peer review on the drugs and things.

Speaker 8 We went to Glastonbury with Billy Bragg, Graham Coxon from Blur, Shafarat Korsandi, and Tony Ryan to ask: Is there room for mysticism in a rational world?

Speaker 1 Ladies and gentlemen, you are about to witness such a fantastic thing.

Speaker 10 Please, please, for the Infinite Monkey Cage, will you please welcome Brian Cox and Robin Eats with their guests, last week in the World!

Speaker 14 That's not.

Speaker 14 This isn't very radio 4, is it?

Speaker 9 To be honest.

Speaker 23 Who's here for particle physics?

Speaker 16 Yeah, this is the kind of thing that we need.

Speaker 22 Quantum chromodynamics!

Speaker 4 Oh, a lot more over that side.

Speaker 20 That's quite interesting.

Speaker 14 Because we're at Glastonbury, we have erected a great rational tent.

Speaker 14 A solitary place within which the light of reason can burn safely amongst the smouldering rubble of the Enlightenment strewn across the muddy fields outside.

Speaker 14 My only worry is what they're going to do with that giant wicker Einstein that they're building out the front.

Speaker 16 So where better to discover science than balancing on a ley line? For this reason, Brian is wearing an azurite crystal, traditionally the crystal worn to enhance rationalism.

Speaker 16 Billy, you've been here, I think you've done the most at Glastonbury Festivals of anyone on this panel.

Speaker 16 How How true do you think it is that Glastonbury deserves this reputation of kind of, you know, mysticism and irrationalism and kind of, you know, the idea of naked hippies dancing at the dawn?

Speaker 24 It's one of the few places you can still get away with that kind of stuff. But there is great science going on here.

Speaker 24 It's a well-known fact that there are so many people here at Glastonbury, their activities actually generate a condensing cloud over the site that rains continually.

Speaker 1 Brian, I mean, I've got to ask, how did that cheer compare to when you played played the dog and whistle with your band Dare in Oldham?

Speaker 8 It wasn't the dog and whistle, it was the Hurricane Snooker Club in 1987.

Speaker 8 Well, Glastonbury was a bigger cheer.

Speaker 1 And also, to be honest, you were drinking very different things then as well, weren't you? You know, before Glastonbury, it was fine wines. Before the Hurricane Snooker Club, what was it?

Speaker 8 I think it was Diamond White and Vodka. Anyway, back at Glastonbury, we got on to discussing whether believing in Odin, for example, is much the same as believing in dark energy.
It isn't.

Speaker 8 But we had that chat with Chaparat, Cosandy, and Billy Bragg.

Speaker 16 How do you feel, Chapar? You were saying before we went on air that you feel that you're kind of more mystic than rational.

Speaker 7 Oh, no, I didn't say more mystic than rational. I think I said something along the lines of whatever gets you through the night.

Speaker 16 Then you said imagine.

Speaker 10 Imagine.

Speaker 16 Then you said something about a shaved fish.

Speaker 7 What I find interesting about this, because

Speaker 7 I do sit between the two, but I find that it's it's extremely important to have a conversation with science, you know, but

Speaker 7 if you use the wrong word or the wrong phrase, then the rationalists all dance around you, pointing their finger in your face and laughing, and that is fanaticism.

Speaker 7 That's no different to religious fanaticism in my book, because it shuts down communication. And that's no good to anybody.

Speaker 24 That sounds exactly like the Socialist Workers' Party, actually, now you mentioned that. They do exactly the same to me whenever I step step off the path of righteousness.

Speaker 14 We're talking there about

Speaker 14 the perceived mismatch between science and other ways of looking at the world. And a lot of people said to me when you come into Glastonbury,

Speaker 14 you are actually going to get put in the Wicker Einstein.

Speaker 14 But is that a necessary thing?

Speaker 14 Is it inevitable that if you start to try and work out the way that the world works by looking at it, carrying out experiments using the scientific method, is there necessary conflict?

Speaker 24 Well, it is if you are an extremist. I don't have a problem at all with atheism but I do have a problem with the attitude of anybody who believes in something like a supreme being is stupid.

Speaker 24 I actually feel that you know religion you know if people get some comfort from it that's fine you know and also if you look at science particularly if you look at science in the absolute maximum you know you might be able to correct me if I'm wrong here but currently I understand that scientists believe that the universe is made up of 95% of dark stuff which we can't see sniff touch or feel but must be there according to your theories So you're asking us to believe in something intangible and massive.

Speaker 21 Right, if I could just talk to the panelists and myself,

Speaker 17 if we could just leave the stage and allow Billy and Brian to deal with this in their own method.

Speaker 14 No, I mean that I mean

Speaker 14 the statement that 95% of the universe or 96% is made of something else is an observational statement. I mean it's a baffling statement.

Speaker 14 It would have been far easier to understand the universe if that had not been the case, but it was observed to be true, so the universe doesn't behave in the way that our theories do.

Speaker 21 But you believe that, don't you?

Speaker 14 Well, you have to believe the evidence because that's what we've measured.

Speaker 24 You have faith in the fact that it's there.

Speaker 14 This is a good question, John. I should

Speaker 14 just talk amongst yourselves over that.

Speaker 14 But I would say that the absence of a belief system is not a belief system.

Speaker 24 There are areas of science, and this dark matter issue is an area where

Speaker 24 you don't know exactly what's happening, so you have a series of beliefs that explain that, which is what

Speaker 24 theories, well, that's what religious people do. They see the world in a particular way and they explain it by the existence of a supreme being.
Isn't there a similarity there?

Speaker 25 No, the search here, though, is our best theory says the universe should behave like this, and it doesn't behave like our best theory.

Speaker 25 And the bit that stops it behaving like our best theory is the missing mass. So we either search for a better theory, which is happening, or we search for the hidden mass, which is happening.

Speaker 25 It's not a belief system,

Speaker 15 it's a belief in looking for evidence.

Speaker 1 Our final words go to two people whose profession is to turn the rational into the irrational and vice versa. Award-winning comedians Josie Long and Paul Foote.

Speaker 1 This is always the problem when we're trying to be rational: who do we trust to be the rational people?

Speaker 26 Yeah, I do think it's hard, like, especially when it comes to things that I am never going to be an expert on, but I do care about.

Speaker 26 I do find, like, I'll try and have a pool of people that I consider to be reliable and I try to read their stuff as critically as possible.

Speaker 20 They've got that.

Speaker 8 They're called scientists.

Speaker 1 Some scientists.

Speaker 16 Paul, do you have someone who's your irrationality advisor, or have you left all of that behind now?

Speaker 27 No, I have

Speaker 27 a whole team of people who feed me irrational thoughts all day long.

Speaker 15 Irrational thoughts.

Speaker 27 Yeah, irrational. Well, I have to have their irrationality advisors.

Speaker 8 So you can't come up with your own irrational thoughts.

Speaker 27 Well, yes, I can, but

Speaker 27 obviously I can, but it's

Speaker 27 so the rational thing, therefore, would be not to employ a team of people to give me irrational advice.

Speaker 27 In fact, having a team of people to give me irrational advice was one of my first irrational thoughts.

Speaker 27 And in fact, I'm going to sack them next week, which is the only rational thing I've done in years.

Speaker 1 I hope our short show has made you feel a little safer when walking through the graveyard after dusk.

Speaker 8 Well, it does depend on which graveyard it is and where it is.

Speaker 1 Oh, you're right, because some graveyards have more ghosts in them, don't they? You did an equation on that as well, didn't you?

Speaker 8 It's the living I would be worried about.

Speaker 1 Yeah, you mean like Jim Morrison's grave, where it's just surrounded by people drinking wild turkey.

Speaker 9 That kind of thing.

Speaker 1 Brian, though, I mean, I think this is a question a lot of the listeners are thinking of. If you could be haunted by just one person, who would you like it to be?

Speaker 9 I think you. I think you are already.

Speaker 21 It's good, isn't it?

Speaker 1 I've been haunting you for years now.

Speaker 8 Now, the last show in this series will be dedicated to you, the listeners, and we'd like to hear from you about the things that have most surprised you on Monkey Cage since the programme started.

Speaker 8 So, you can email us at monkeycage at bbc.co.uk, or you can tweet us, and I'm going to still call it Twitter. Our Twitter handle is at the monkeycage.
And what I don't know what it is on X.

Speaker 1 Exorcist at the Exorcist.

Speaker 8 So, please get in touch. We've already had a lot of messages actually about trees and bees.
So, maybe something else.

Speaker 1 Next week, it's the Infinite Monkeys Guide to the Apocalypse, and we'll be hearing from Katie Mack, Brian Green, Stephen Fry, and Steve Martin. Or, as I know him, Dr.

Speaker 9 Hoffur.

Speaker 1 Yes, it's going to be that Steve Martin. Goodbye.
Goodbye.

Speaker 18 In the infinite monkey cage.

Speaker 18 In the infinite monkey cage.

Speaker 8 Till now, nice again.

Speaker 1 Oh, by the way, before you go, go, just point you in the direction of another podcast that you might enjoy.

Speaker 22 I hear sobbing, and I absolutely knew that nobody else was in the house.

Speaker 1 Uncanny is back. The on-duty flight lieutenant came in white as a sheet, and he said it's back.

Speaker 10 Season two.

Speaker 1 Featuring brand new stories of real-life encounters with the supernatural. I had never been so scared in my life.
I don't believe in ghosts, but I believe in what was in that house.

Speaker 9 Subscribe on BBC Sounds, if you dare.

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