Trump's First 100 Days: Project 2025 & Its Influence

This message comes from the Nature Conservancy, working together to create a future with a livable climate, healthy communities, and thriving nature. Explore ways to act during Earth Month and every month at nature.org slash NPR.
Hey there, it's the NPR Politics Podcast. I'm Tamara Keith.
I cover the White House. And this week on the pod, we're doing something a little different,

taking a look at some of the policies and decisions President Trump has made. I'm Tamara Keith.
I cover the White House. And this week on The Pod, we're doing something a little different,

taking a look at some of the policies and decisions President Trump has made in the first 100 days of his second term.

And to understand some of what he's done so far, we're going to start by going back

to something that got a lot of attention in the 2024 presidential campaign.

A think tank called the Heritage Foundation made a wide range of policy recommendations in what they call Project 2025. Project 2025, a 922-page book filled with ideas, policy prescriptions, and blueprints for a future Republican administration.
And even though Donald Trump often said Project 2025 wasn't part of his campaign. Like on Project 2025, I have no idea about it.
It had nothing to do with me. Project 2025, I've said a hundred times, I know nothing about it.
I had nothing to do. Talks about Project 2025, which I have absolutely nothing to do with.
She says, I know that because of Project. Well, we've denied that.
I have no idea what Project 2025 is. I've never read it, and I never will.
The goals it mentioned often aligned with Trump's own campaign messaging. Things like freezing foreign aid.
You let them know that effective immediately, they're no longer getting any foreign aid. They're no longer getting any.
Tightening immigration laws. On day one, I will terminate every open borders policy of the Biden administration, and we will begin the largest domestic deportation operation in American history.
And drastically reducing the size of the federal government. We will fight for America like no one has ever fought before.
With you at my side, we will demolish the deep state. We will drive out the globalists.
We will cast out the communists. Now that Trump is in office again, a number of the people behind Project 2025 are with him.
People like Russ Vogt, who wrote sections related to expanding the power of the presidency and now runs the Office of Management and Budget. Or Brendan Carr, who wrote about reigning in tech companies and is now chairman of the FCC.
Or Caroline Levitt, who was part of the group's effort to train new young conservative leaders and is now White House press secretary. So today, let's talk about Project 2025.
And let's talk about it with White House correspondent Franco Ordonez and senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro. Hello.
Hello. Hey there.
So Franco, as we look back at the first 100 days of the Trump administration, how closely does Project 2025 match up with the policies President Trump enacted right out of the gate?

It's not like a carbon copy of the Trump agenda. But that said, there is a bunch of stuff from Project 2025 that is now in the Trump administration.
And you kind of named the big overlap, which is people. You mentioned Russ Vogt.
There was also Peter Navarro, Trump's trade advisor, who has long, long championed increased tariffs. In terms of policies, there are so much policy overlap, including consolidating power in the executive branch, stripping job protections for federal workers, taking on diversity and equity programs, and as again, launching mass deportation operation.
I get the sense that it's not just the what, but also the how. Yeah, I mean, for sure.
I mean, let's go a little even deeper. I mean, Elon Musk, the billionaire head of Tesla, who has been an advisor for Trump, you know, he obviously emerged late in the campaign.
The playbook was already written before Elon Musk came on the scene. But many of the actions that Musk took, that his Doge group took, were foreshadowed in Project 2025.
Project 2025 called for a rehauling of USAID and an ending of the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau. Project 2025 also outlined how to empower the little-known office of personnel and management to basically overhaul the federal workforce.
People will remember OPM because that is the office where the famous kind of fork-in-the-road email came from, as well as the what are the five things that you accomplished this week email? Domenico, I do want to ask you, does it matter or why does it matter that there is this overlap between Project 2025 and how President Trump has run his White House? You know, it's a long term project of the hardest right in society, matching up with MAGA and Trump, really written for him in many ways. And I think it's also important because you heard how many times Trump disavowed it during the campaign, but he certainly hired on a lot of the people who were instrumental in writing it and who are influential with him right now.
Franco, how has the government changed as a result? I mean, it's only been 100 days, but what is the change that this has brought? I mean, it's brought so much change. We talked about USAID.
There's also the Department of Education. Project 2025 called for basically the immediate end of the Department of Education, which is another thing Trump is trying to get rid of.
I mean, now I will say

allies of Trump and allies of Project 2025 say a lot of this stuff is kind of standard Republican fare, but it really is quite a lot of the same things. Again, as Domenico just said, for someone who said he knew nothing about it.
And Domenico, the Heritage Foundation insisted that they wrote Project 2025 for any Republican who would win, who would become president. Of course, Donald Trump is the one who won and became president.
And in so many ways, it seems like it was written for him. It was written in his form.
And he was certainly the front runner for the nomination if he wanted to get into the race and then did get into the race and he was running for a long time. Remember, he got into the race a week after the 2022 midterm election.

So the Heritage Foundation knew that the person most likely to win the Republican nomination was Donald Trump.

And we have to realize that the Heritage Foundation underwent a big transformation of its own from being this sort of, you conservative, traditional establishment conservative group to one that was, even during the Tea Party, sort of taken over a little bit more by the hard right. And they found their vehicle with Trump.
And this certainly gave a roadmap for Trump's second term. I mean, Trump's first term was so marked by disorganization.
He really didn't know how to govern or who to trust.

And Project 2025 isn't just this policy prescription, which it is very detailed on, but it's sort of a detailed statement of principles for the kinds of people who are going to be in the administration and what they would sign on to. If you wanted to be in this administration, then it seems Project 2025 would have been something you had to be okay with.
Look, the people that were involved with Project 2025 were all people who were loyalists, who were part or very close to Trump during the first administration. I mean, I even interviewed Paul Dans.
He was a former Trump official who directed the 2025 presidential transition project. He did the whole thing.
And he told me that Trump is the best embodiment of their movement. And he said, quote, while we're candidate agnostic, we are not reality agnostic.
So they were very clear knowing that this was the guy. All right.
We're going to take a quick break and we will have more in a moment. This message comes from Strawberry.me.
You've worked hard to get where you are, but what's next? Strawberry.me career coaching helps professionals like you take the next big step with confidence by matching you with a certified career coach who understands your goals and challenges. This isn't just advice.
It's a personalized, results-driven approach to uncover hidden strengths, overcome obstacles, and accelerate your career growth. Visit strawberry.me slash NPR to claim your $50 credit.
This message comes from Tenable. Wondering where your biggest cloud security gaps are? Wonder no more.
Tenable helps you find those gaps before attackers do. They see cloud risks that others don't and give you the power to secure your entire cloud stack, from infrastructure to workloads, from identities to data, and even AI resources.
Know your cloud risk, expose your cloud gaps, and close your cloud exposures fast. Learn more at tenable.com slash cloud.
Your cloud exposure ends here. This is a message from Noom.
When it comes to weight loss, no two people are the same. That's why Noom's programs are personalized and based on your unique psychology and biology.
With Noom, the days of starting and stopping weight loss plans are over. Start building better habits with Noom.
Get your personalized plan today at Noom.com. And we're back.
And I want to get into a few more of the specifics about how President Trump has been governing in his first 100 days and which of those ideas came from or overlaps with Project 2025. So, Franco, I feel like immigration might be an area where there's a lot of overlap.
Yeah, yeah. Immigration was a huge one.
You know, Trump called for mass deportation, use of military personnel to prevent crossings between ports. All that stuff was also in Project 2025.
Project 2025 called for the reinstating of Remain in Mexico, which was the program from Trump's first term, which forced asylum seekers to wait in Mexico while their cases are processed. And he also, you know, imposed sanctions on countries that, you know, refused to accept deportees.
I mean, there is so much there. And I imagine there's even more in Project 2025 that is yet to come, considering how important immigration is to President Trump.
Did Project 2025 talk about using the Alien Enemies Act or militarizing the border? Alien Enemies Act was not a specific term in Project 2025. And I do think that is an example where there is a divide.
I mean, very clearly, Project 2025 called for using every single tool that they could find to lower the number of border crossings. But take another example, abortion.
That was one of the most controversial aspects of Project 2025 that Democrats largely seized on. That is another area where Trump tried to pull away from to not do the federal regulations that were called for in Project 2025.
So there is definitely divide. Some of it is because of political.
Some of it is just different ideas. And also, it's only been 100 days.
So who knows what's going to come next? And there was plenty in the Project 2025 about, for example, how the science agencies should be run, or how much money should go toward them, or how the United States should position itself in the world and whether or not it would continue the sort of do-gooder things that the right would sort of pejoratively describe, like USAID, or any of the other host of sort of soft power items within the federal government that Republicans have long targeted as wasteful spending, even though they're small portions of the budget overall. For sure.
I mean, you got so many of the prescriptions in Project 2025 have already been implemented, you know, stripping job protections I mentioned from career civil servants, Schedule F.

Let's talk about diversity, equity, inclusion. Trump signed an executive order, and it was like on day one, ending diversity programs at the Pentagon.
Project 2025 specifically mentioned the Defense Department and, quote, eliminating Marxist indoctrination and divisive critical race theory programs at the Pentagon.

Sex and gender.

Trump signed an EO attacking gender ideology. That was also in Project 2025.
It really goes on and on. There's climate.
Project 2025 called for ramping up oil and gas drilling in the U.S., which Trump carried out in one of his first executive orders. Trump withdrawing the U.S.
from the World Health Organization, the Trump administration slashing billions in NIH funding, National Institute of Health funding. There is so many things.
It sounds like a long list of things that have happened in the first 100 days of the Trump administration. I do wonder if Project 2025 and the way in which Trump is hewing to that blueprint, if that tells us anything about the difference between Trump 1.0 and Trump 2.0.
I think definitely Trump 1.0 had very little roadmap to go off of. This is not somebody who had long held ideological views about what kind of politician he should be or what kind of policy prescriptions to engage in in the country.
The thing that was most animating for Trump all the time was immigration, you could argue. I think that that's pretty clear, given that when he came down from the escalator or whatever in Trump Tower, that was the first thing that he talked about, right? And he continued to talk about it, even throughout this campaign.
And after this campaign, he said, you know, people told me inflation really mattered most.

Prices were the big thing.

I heard about groceries all the time.

But I really always felt that immigration was the most important thing.

And, you know, look, this is a group of people around him who are related with Project 2025 and now serving in his administration, who are very smart people, who have long held

beliefs in how to reshape the federal government and were able to sort of navigate some of

Thank you. in his administration, who are very smart people, who have long held beliefs in how to reshape the federal government, and were able to sort of navigate some of what Trump believes culturally, and sell him on some of this ideology of how to break apart the government and how to stop immigration, and a whole host of other things that they sort of put under this cultural umbrella.
And those same people that Domenico is talking about it, wanted to be sure that they did not make the same mistakes that were made in the first Trump administration. I mean, this dates back to really the first few months of 2017 at the beginning of the first Trump administration, which was just marked by chaos and uncertainty and firings and protests at airports.
I mean, Trump was ridiculed in the beginning for not being prepared. Trump actually picked former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie to kind of help make his transition plans.
And then he fired him. And Trump tossed out all the work that was done and really had to start from scratch.
So, you know, these guys, these loyalists wanted to make sure that they had the right people in place and the right policies in place because they know that they only have a certain amount of time to get all the things they want done before campaign season kind of kicks in, before Democrats maybe get their sea legs back. They are really, I mean, I would say the big difference between the first administration and the second one is just how organized they are at pulling this stuff off.
My sense is that Project 2025 was a much bigger deal on the left as like a boogeyman thing to be afraid of than it was on the right of like regular voters cheering it on and being excited about it. But in the end, are Trump voters getting what they voted for? Yeah.
And I think Trump voters just believe what Donald Trump says. And they think that he's fighting for them, that he's pushing back against a liberal society, and they trust him on this stuff.
Now, whether independents or some of those crossover Democratic voters potentially who voted for him on things like prices, like all of this stuff. That's a different story.
But he doesn't have to run for a second term on something that may be unpopular. All right.
Well, we are going to leave it there for today. Tomorrow on the pod, we'll look at how the Trump administration has handled cultural issues in its first 100 days.
I'm Tamara Keith. I cover the White House.
I'm Frank Ordonez. I cover the White House as well.
And I'm Domenico Montanaro, senior political editor and correspondent.

And thank you for listening to the NPR Politics Podcast. This message comes from Warby Parker.
What makes a great pair of glasses?

At Warby Parker, it's all the invisible extras, without the extra cost.

Like free adjustments for life.

Find your pair at warbyparker.com or visit one of their hundreds of stores around the country.

This message comes from CarMax.

Buying a car is a big decision.

A decision you should feel absolutely confident about.

And when you shop with CarMax, you will. Because CarMax offers a 10-day money-back guarantee, so you can feel confident that you made the right choice for you.
If you're not completely satisfied with your decision, simply bring it back within 10 days for a full refund. Always shop with confidence at CarMax, the way car buying should be.
See CarMax.com for details. Plus, tailor your learning plan for specific objectives like travel.
Get Rosetta Stone's lifetime membership for 50% off and unlimited access to 25 language courses.