612: The Dark Alliance: CIA and DARPA's Hidden War on Citizens (COMPILATION)

Speaker 1 For life with pets, there's Chewy delivering everything. From food to fun to fashion.

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Speaker 4 Hey, thanks for checking out another compilation.

Speaker 6 I'm especially grateful that you clicked because this video is going to be demonetized and suppressed. And that's because...

Speaker 4 Half of the episodes in this compilation are what YouTube calls not suitable for all advertisers. So thank you.

Speaker 6 The first episode is,

Speaker 4 I mean, talking about starting it off with a, with a banger. This is the dark side of DARPA.

Speaker 8 On the Y-Files, you walk a line between exploring wild conspiracies and keeping the audience grounded in facts.

Speaker 8 Have you ever stumbled on a piece of information that made you stop and think, this is bigger than I want to touch? This sounds like our breakfast conversation.

Speaker 8 and if so what made you decide to hold back

Speaker 11 um

Speaker 12 the one episode that that that really got me emotional was i was doing the dark side of darpa and i went into that everyone knows darpa and their projects and and their science going back to whatever 40s 50s 60s but in the as i was going through the research i found the connection between DARPA and Asian Orange and Ancient Purple and all of that,

Speaker 18 all the Vietnam chemicals.

Speaker 12 And I got very emotional about that because my father-in-law suffers from everything, every illness that you can have from Agent Orange.

Speaker 8 Was he a Vietnam vet?

Speaker 15 He was, Air Force.

Speaker 6 Yeah, this is an emotional episode.

Speaker 21 This is the only episode that I completely finished editing and

Speaker 4 I thought, I don't want to upload this. I mean, there's been plenty of episodes, pretty much everyone in this compilation, that I've been uncomfortable with.

Speaker 10 Like,

Speaker 4 not so much worried for my safety, but worried that I'd get a phone call or a knock on the door or an audit, which I got.

Speaker 24 But this one, I finished and I said, it's too dark, it's too emotional, it's too controversial,

Speaker 26 but it

Speaker 4 became

Speaker 4 important to me, very personal.

Speaker 28 So,

Speaker 4 dark side of DARPA.

Speaker 31 In the early days of the space race, the Soviet Union racked up a lot of firsts.

Speaker 34 Sputnik, the first satellite.

Speaker 36 Laika the dog, the first animal in space.

Speaker 37 Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space.

Speaker 38 Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman, Zahn 5 the first spacecraft to the moon.

Speaker 41 Meanwhile, America's space program lagged, plagued by setback after setback.

Speaker 45 There were some successes, but not enough to keep pace with the Soviets.

Speaker 7 America was still planning its first satellite while Sputnik circled the Earth.

Speaker 49 Then Sputnik 2 went up.

Speaker 50 American citizens were terrified.

Speaker 52 What if the Russians put weapons in space?

Speaker 54 Maybe they already have.

Speaker 56 Paranoia was starting to become hysteria.

Speaker 57 President Eisenhower was under pressure to act and to act fast.

Speaker 60 The United States government knew what it had to do, create an organization to develop the most technologically advanced military systems in the world.

Speaker 30 And just three months after Sputnik 2 was launched, the Advanced Research Project Agency, or ARPA, was born.

Speaker 40 Later, ARPA became DARPA.

Speaker 50 The D stands for defense.

Speaker 19 Because DARPA would be both a sword and a shield, creating offensive weapons and defensive systems.

Speaker 73 No project was too expensive, and no program was too immoral.

Speaker 75 DARPA's secret research would cost many lives, but sacrifices had to be made for the sake of security.

Speaker 65 But after all these years, it's time to ask: who are they really protecting?

Speaker 79 Here's the scene.

Speaker 80 You're driving.

Speaker 81 It's late and the the road ahead is dark.

Speaker 82 You make a turn and then another.

Speaker 83 You finally realize you're lost.

Speaker 76 If this were the not-too-distant past, you'd pull over and grab your Thomas guide.

Speaker 87 Yeah, for you kids, that's a map.

Speaker 90 And if you didn't have a map, you'd try to find a gas station or 7-Eleven to ask for directions.

Speaker 91 Then your fate would be in the hands of the guy working the night shift.

Speaker 87 Who may or may not be a serial killer?

Speaker 3 Right.

Speaker 31 But now all the answers are in your pocket.

Speaker 94 You tell your phone the address and GPS guides the way.

Speaker 95 Some cars will even drive for you while you sit back, relax, and listen to your favorite podcast.

Speaker 87 How you know the Wi-Files is also a podcast.

Speaker 35 No plugs yet, please.

Speaker 30 We save those for the end.

Speaker 87 Sorry, sorry. I could sniff out a plug opportunity like a travel pig.

Speaker 94 The technology I described that got you to your destination, it was created by DARPA, all of it.

Speaker 98 And there's a lot more of DARPA in your pocket than you think.

Speaker 100 Your cell phone uses microprocessors designed by DARPA.

Speaker 35 They also created the batteries to power those microprocessors.

Speaker 102 Your phone uses wireless technology made possible by DARPA.

Speaker 101 The touch screen and the microphone came from DARPA.

Speaker 104 Voice recognition and GPS come from DARPA.

Speaker 30 And of course, all this data transfer happens using the internet, which was created by DARPA.

Speaker 87 Excuse me if I may.

Speaker 108 Is this going to be a highly predictable and hacked joke about how Al Gore said he created the internet?

Speaker 87 I yield the rest of my time. Thank you.

Speaker 110 Mm-hmm.

Speaker 111 Yes, DARPA created the internet.

Speaker 65 Well, technically, they were still ARPA then.

Speaker 35 Remember, the D was added in 1972.

Speaker 24 In the 1960s, researchers were trying to figure out a way to ensure reliable communications in case of a nuclear attack.

Speaker 65 Traditional telephone lines and radio transmitters would be the first to go.

Speaker 112 They came up with a radical idea, packet switching.

Speaker 19 Packet switching is not as complicated as it sounds.

Speaker 79 Here's how it works.

Speaker 16 You want to send a message or file from New York to LA, but what if half the country's lines are down?

Speaker 16 So you break that message into small chunks called packets and send each one independently over the network.

Speaker 118 On the receiving end, the message waits for all the packets to arrive and then reassembles them back into the original message or file.

Speaker 68 Each packet will independently try to find the most efficient route through the network at any given moment.

Speaker 74 The internet still works this way.

Speaker 41 Most people didn't use the internet until the late 1990s or early 2000s.

Speaker 126 Some nerds like me were using our phones to dial bulletin board systems in the late 1970s and early 80s.

Speaker 128 But this new network called ARPANET was conceived in 1966.

Speaker 87 You were online all the way back then? When you you were like 12 or 13 years old?

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 129 I was even younger than that when I first got online.

Speaker 87 And you're proud of this.

Speaker 42 Well, yeah, shouldn't I be.

Speaker 87 Did you even know girls existed?

Speaker 50 Yes, I knew they existed.

Speaker 87 Yeah, now I see. What? Girls didn't know you existed.

Speaker 130 I was a late bloomer.

Speaker 2 Bloomer?

Speaker 131 Bloomer.

Speaker 79 What'd I say?

Speaker 94 Under DARPA's guidance, TCPIP became the universal language for online computers.

Speaker 132 They also developed the concept of email and invented domain names.

Speaker 81 DARPA worked with UC Berkeley to create the BSD Unix operating system.

Speaker 40 BSD Unix heavily influenced the operating system you're using right now, no matter what OS it is.

Speaker 30 It started with DARPA.

Speaker 19 Now these technologies may seem modern, but DARPA sent the first internet message in 1969.

Speaker 50 Now this shouldn't be surprising.

Speaker 100 DARPA technology is said to be about 20 years ahead of civilian tech.

Speaker 50 Like self-driving cars, DARPA built one in 1984.

Speaker 104 DARPA had GPS in 1973.

Speaker 50 Microprocessors, motion sensors, and wireless communication.

Speaker 137 DARPA had these decades ago.

Speaker 60 But eventually, these innovations became available to the rest of us.

Speaker 139 DARPA's technology has made our lives so much better, it's easy to forget that those innovations weren't originally meant to improve lives.

Speaker 78 They were meant to end them.

Speaker 141 It's the middle of the night, and you're lying prone on top of a dusty building in some far corner of the world.

Speaker 142 You hug your 50-caliber Barrett sniper rifle.

Speaker 37 It's pitch dark, but your light-gathering high-magnification scope gives you full visibility of the alley 1,200 yards away.

Speaker 141 A door opens.

Speaker 145 It's your target.

Speaker 102 Right on schedule.

Speaker 104 You hold your breath and put your finger on the trigger.

Speaker 50 Suddenly, a van appears.

Speaker 65 Your target leaps in and speeds off.

Speaker 60 Years ago, he'd escaped.

Speaker 147 Mission failed.

Speaker 148 Not now.

Speaker 60 You fire, confident in DARPA's latest innovation, a self-guided bullet.

Speaker 124 With optical sensors and real-time guidance, it maneuvers mid-flight locked onto its target.

Speaker 39 Skilled snipers engage targets up to 1,300 yards away or more.

Speaker 71 The farthest confirmed kill, 2.2 miles by Canadian Special Forces in 2017.

Speaker 30 Impressive, but DARPA's Extreme Accuracy Task Ordnance or Exacto bullet hits targets five or six miles away.

Speaker 85 Maybe farther.

Speaker 29 DARPA keeps the details a secret.

Speaker 50 Many DARPA projects seem like science fiction.

Speaker 70 Some like magic.

Speaker 25 SEPTER lets you see through walls.

Speaker 100 The Mojave Project bends light, making objects invisible.

Speaker 47 DARPA's engineering living materials program uses living fungus as a construction material.

Speaker 160 Structures will no longer be built, they'll be grown.

Speaker 161 Instead of shipping finished materials, we can ship precursors and rapidly grow them on site using local resources.

Speaker 161 And since the materials will be alive, they'll be able to respond to changes in their environment and heal themselves in response to damage.

Speaker 163 DARPA likes fungus, but it loves bugs.

Speaker 165 Project Insect Allies modifies flying insects to attack crops.

Speaker 61 These insects resist disease and repair each other's injuries in the field.

Speaker 166 Then there's the hybrid insect microelectrical mechanical systems or HIMEMS.

Speaker 52 This project along with Project Dragonfly creates miniature flying cyborgs.

Speaker 50 Beetles, moths, and dragonflies become undetectable spies with cybernetic implants and solar-powered guidance systems.

Speaker 168 They can be controlled remotely or operate autonomously using AI.

Speaker 136 They've created remote-controlled rats.

Speaker 166 DARPA trains bees to find landmines.

Speaker 52 They're developing claytronics, programmable shape-shifting matter.

Speaker 61 They're developing nuclear-powered spacecraft, autonomous vehicles, and weapons of all kinds.

Speaker 46 DARPA's technology is meant to keep people off the battlefield.

Speaker 50 Why risk a battalion of human soldiers when you can deploy a fleet of drones?

Speaker 47 But sometimes you need boots on the ground, and that means people with guns.

Speaker 68 But DARPA has a better idea. Don't give a soldier a weapon, turn him into one.

Speaker 127 The human body is an amazing machine.

Speaker 61 Our musculoskeletal system allows us to do gymnastics, lift heavy weights, and walk long distances.

Speaker 175 Still, our bodies have limitations.

Speaker 50 DARPA is developing technology to overcome these limitations.

Speaker 178 The goal is to increase strength, endurance, alertness, and the overall health of soldiers.

Speaker 54 DARPA's Warrior Web Project is one of several exoskeleton programs in the works.

Speaker 74 It's an exosuit, lightweight and flexible, similar to a scuba suit, but this is a smart suit.

Speaker 151 Using machine learning and onboard sensors, the suit knows when and where to firm up to augment muscles.

Speaker 36 It performs its function, then becomes flexible again.

Speaker 127 DARPA has also developed hard exoskeletons, just like you've seen in movies like Aliens and Edge of Tomorrow.

Speaker 40 These exoskeletons not only increase strength and endurance, but they're modular.

Speaker 12 They can be equipped with all kinds of weapons.

Speaker 167 There's even a jetpack in development.

Speaker 50 The Talo suit turns a soldier into a real-life Iron Man.

Speaker 40 It's bulletproof and weaponized. It increases strength, speed, and endurance.

Speaker 50 It monitors the user's vital signs and has sensors that analyze the entire environment around them.

Speaker 184 The Tactical Augmented Reality, or TAR, project, is a headset that overlays information over your normal vision.

Speaker 172 This gives soldiers real-time information like displaying maps, enemy locations, and other vital data right in their line of sight.

Speaker 19 Project Z-Man was inspired by Geckos.

Speaker 165 DARPA is creating a material that would let soldiers climb walls without ropes or ladders.

Speaker 62 Now, everyone knows the Air Force gives their pilots amphetamines.

Speaker 87 I feel the need.

Speaker 87 The need for speed.

Speaker 74 The need for speed.

Speaker 131 Yep.

Speaker 184 They literally take illegal narcotics to stay alert.

Speaker 30 But the Continuous Assisted Performance or CAP program is focused on keeping soldiers awake, alert and effective for up to seven days straight without side effects.

Speaker 57 DARPA's brain initiative program connects soldiers' brains to computers.

Speaker 167 They can control drones and other systems with thought.

Speaker 106 They can truly multitask, where one part of the brain is operating a drone while the other part of the brain is analyzing the area looking for targets.

Speaker 60 In the early 2000s, DARPA started exploring ways of giving humans superhuman abilities without equipment.

Speaker 113 This is DARPA's biorevolution program.

Speaker 102 They studied how animals attack, defend themselves, and regenerate from injuries.

Speaker 50 DARPA felt that if they could find those answers, these abilities could be transferred to humans.

Speaker 157 They could give soldiers improved senses, perfect eyesight, and limb regeneration without external devices.

Speaker 193 Now to do that you'd have to alter human DNA.

Speaker 24 So DARPA is exploring CRISPR gene editing technology.

Speaker 113 CRISPR can snip out unwanted genes and insert new ones.

Speaker 61 CRISPR could accelerate healing.

Speaker 54 Injuries that might have sidelined soldiers for weeks or months could heal in days.

Speaker 129 CRISPR technology has already sparked a revolution in medicine with the potential to cure genetic disorders and even combat aging.

Speaker 87 Link below on how CRISPR and AI are about to end the whole world.

Speaker 104 Yeah, that episode is scary, but it's interesting and it's real. Now, some of these projects have failed and some haven't, and some are still in development.

Speaker 104 I have no doubt that DARPA will turn soldiers into superhuman weapons eventually, but they haven't yet.

Speaker 174 So, how do you put boots on the ground and keep humans off the battlefield?

Speaker 141 DARPA's answer: killer robots.

Speaker 48 DARPA started working on robotics in the 1960s.

Speaker 108 Its first project was Shaky, the first mobile robot to reason about its actions.

Speaker 136 Shaky wasn't sleek or fast, but it was a start.

Speaker 87 Ah, you know, I feel like if you name your project Shaky, you're kind of setting yourself up to fail.

Speaker 31 Well, since then, DARPA's robotics has come a long way.

Speaker 12 In the early 2000s, DARPA launched the Big Dog program.

Speaker 51 In partnership with Boston Dynamics, These four-legged robots can carry heavy loads and navigate difficult terrain.

Speaker 189 They can also be outfitted with weapons like sniper rifles or machine guns.

Speaker 47 The LS-3 can follow soldiers autonomously and carry up to 400 pounds of gear.

Speaker 197 And then there's the Atlas robot.

Speaker 198 And now we're getting serious.

Speaker 136 Atlas was launched in 2013, and you've probably seen various versions of this robot over the years.

Speaker 104 Atlas could run, jump, and navigate obstacle courses.

Speaker 34 A couple of years ago, Atlas used AI to teach itself how to walk, and then run and then do gymnastics.

Speaker 87 Yeah, you humans realize it's only a matter of time before these things take over and enslave you, right?

Speaker 31 Some of us realize it.

Speaker 19 Investigative journalist Annie Jacobson has covered DARPA for years.

Speaker 47 She says there's no doubt that the Pentagon is investing heavily in robotics.

Speaker 200 DARPA's plan through 2038 states without question that the Pentagon is moving towards robotic warfare. They want to have hunter-killer drones that can swim, crawl, walk, run.

Speaker 200 Drones that can fly 13,000 miles an hour, which is 22 times faster than a commercial jet, to get to a target really quickly.

Speaker 19 Ballistic missiles have limitations.

Speaker 104 Speeds over Mach 20 require too much power and make the rockets dangerously hot.

Speaker 75 But thanks to DARPA, that's no longer a problem.

Speaker 109 Missiles can now travel at hypersonic speed without overheating.

Speaker 64 A target 500 miles away can be destroyed in six minutes.

Speaker 34 Weapons like these certainly keep humans off the battlefield, but DARPA is going to take it one step further.

Speaker 57 It's creating the technology to wage war without needing humans at all.

Speaker 50 Remember how DARPA is always about 20 years ahead of civilian technology, maybe more?

Speaker 156 Well, as early as the 1960s, DARPA started developing computers that can learn independently.

Speaker 182 In the 1980s, DARPA launched the Strategic Computing Initiative, or SCI.

Speaker 41 The goal of SCI was to create military strategies by running simulations and learning from them.

Speaker 87 You're describing war games.

Speaker 63 What's it doing?

Speaker 151 Wargames was originally going to be a science fiction story about a dying scientist who's saved by a kid genius.

Speaker 24 But then the writers met Peter Schwartz from the Stanford Research Institute, or SRI.

Speaker 87 SRI, I know those guys.

Speaker 137 You do.

Speaker 104 SRI has been the launchpad for many secret government programs.

Speaker 83 I've talked about them a lot on this channel.

Speaker 76 And they've long been connected to the CIA, NSA, and DARPA.

Speaker 50 Well, Schwartz was fascinated by a new computer subculture called Hackers.

Speaker 101 He suggested that they make a movie about a kid hacking a military supercomputer.

Speaker 211 Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, what was it?

Speaker 87 It was called the

Speaker 1 Big Mac.

Speaker 90 No, Whopper, War Operation Plan Response.

Speaker 1 Yeah, right. I'd still rather have a Big Mac.

Speaker 9 Me too.

Speaker 212 Well, the Whopper spends all its time thinking about World War III.

Speaker 213 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, it plays an endless series of war games using all available information on the state of the world.

Speaker 19 At the very same time that this movie came out, DARPA was working on its own military supercomputer.

Speaker 94 Here's how they described it.

Speaker 215 The machine envisioned by SC would run 10 billion instructions per second to see, hear, speak, and think like a human.

Speaker 215 The degree of integration required would rival that achieved by the human brain, the most complex instrument known to man.

Speaker 119 If you haven't caught on by now, we're talking about artificial intelligence.

Speaker 114 Today, AI is everywhere and accessible to everyone.

Speaker 76 And it feels like it came out of nowhere, but it didn't.

Speaker 78 It came out of DARPA.

Speaker 130 As of today, 70% of DARPA's projects use or are focused on AI and machine learning.

Speaker 223 DARPA started working on AI in the 1960s.

Speaker 94 They built their first AI system, a speech recognition computer, in the 1970s.

Speaker 101 In 1983, the the Strategic Computing Initiative project received billions for AI research.

Speaker 136 Then in the 1990s, DARPA launched another supercomputing project.

Speaker 19 It was and still is highly secret.

Speaker 101 It's affecting you right now.

Speaker 15 And once I tell you what it is, you're not going to like it.

Speaker 91 Now it's time to get this video demonetized and censored.

Speaker 163 Yeah, boy.

Speaker 101 Yeah, if I'm not on a list by now, I'm about to be.

Speaker 87 No, they're watching you, human.

Speaker 84 Yeah, I really don't want to talk about this.

Speaker 71 Honestly, I'm about to put everything that I have at risk.

Speaker 87 You're actually scaring me right now.

Speaker 50 I'm scared too.

Speaker 103 Here we go.

Speaker 224 Welcome. Like Like the steam engine which sparked the Industrial Revolution of the late 1700s, the internet is changing everything it touches.
And at the cutting edge of the revolution is Wall Street.

Speaker 225 So we are now six and three quarters points above fair value.

Speaker 19 The early 1990s was the beginning of the tech boom.

Speaker 151 Internet startups were getting millions in investments.

Speaker 50 And they had access to vast resources and vast amounts of data, personal data.

Speaker 112 The intelligence community wanted to gather this data to create a digital fingerprint of everyone using the internet.

Speaker 101 If they could identify bad actors, criminals, terrorists, whatever, they would compare that fingerprint against others.

Speaker 35 They called this the birds of a feather approach.

Speaker 35 If Joe's a bad guy and Bob's a bad guy and they both go to certain websites, then other people visiting those same websites were potential bad guys, so let's track them.

Speaker 87 So surveillance? Yes.

Speaker 228 Of Americans.

Speaker 1 Yes. Legal? No.

Speaker 142 Well, officially illegal as of 2010.

Speaker 112 But the law was murky in the 1990s.

Speaker 31 And for the intelligence community, murky means opportunity.

Speaker 60 Still, the intelligence agencies didn't have the ability to manage all this data, but they knew people were out there working on it and they were all looking for funding.

Speaker 82 But if you're the NSA or CIA or DARPA, you can't drop by an internet startup and ask them to build you an illegal digital surveillance program.

Speaker 87 Yeah, it's kind of a bad look.

Speaker 139 It is, but it also gives away the game.

Speaker 31 Surveillance is only valuable if the target doesn't know they're being watched.

Speaker 76 So this technology would need to be funded privately and quietly.

Speaker 227 So in 1994, the Highlands Forum was founded.

Speaker 101 Ever hear of the Highlands Forum?

Speaker 103 You probably haven't, and they like it that way.

Speaker 24 The Highlands Forum, or Highlands Group, was formed as a think tank, a bridge between technology companies and the Pentagon.

Speaker 35 The Highlands Forum is an invitation-only group of government officials, academics, and executives from tech and defense companies.

Speaker 124 Their discussions are private and off the record, operating under the Chatham House rule, meaning members can disclose information from the meetings as long as it doesn't harm anybody, but they can never reveal who said it, not ever.

Speaker 35 Although hardly anyone knows about the Highlands Forum, the group is highly influential on U.S.

Speaker 188 defense policy, especially regarding technology.

Speaker 60 And they're a private organization.

Speaker 149 No auditing, no oversight, no Freedom of Information Act requirements.

Speaker 99 They're a black box.

Speaker 185 The perfect conduit for transactions you want to keep off the books.

Speaker 232 So, tech is booming, data is flowing, and we've got our think tank to connect us with the people capturing the data.

Speaker 60 Now we need the money to fund them.

Speaker 60 That same year, the massive digital data systems or MDDS program was launched.

Speaker 35 MDDS would fund scientists, researchers, and companies who worked with big data sets.

Speaker 114 The Highlands Forum would help identify, facilitate, and coordinate these transactions.

Speaker 85 To keep these transactions private and secret, the MDDS moved money through unclassified mainstream agencies like the National Science Foundation.

Speaker 65 Computer scientists were getting millions in grants from the NSF.

Speaker 1 Totally normal.

Speaker 125 They didn't know who was really behind the money.

Speaker 176 And MDDS was highly compartmentalized.

Speaker 125 It had tons of projects and departments.

Speaker 127 Nobody knew what anyone else was doing or who was even in charge.

Speaker 133 And this was by design.

Speaker 131 But the overall program was managed by the CIA, NSA, and DARPA.

Speaker 60 So, we've got black budget money flowing through the NSF.

Speaker 55 And we've got our private organization, the Highlands Forum, looking for opportunities.

Speaker 30 So the word goes out to researchers and academia.

Speaker 137 If you can handle big data, we'll give you big money.

Speaker 179 Then a promising promising project emerged.

Speaker 113 Two Stanford graduate students working on a search engine made a breakthrough.

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Speaker 197 In the early 90s, searching the internet was difficult.

Speaker 159 Popular engines like Alta Vista and Lycos produced hit or miss results.

Speaker 136 Searching hiking gear would show pages mentioning hiking or gear, often irrelevant blog posts or articles.

Speaker 30 Users had to scroll through pages of useless results.

Speaker 241 It took forever, and I remember it well.

Speaker 136 Two Stanford students developed a system that changed everything.

Speaker 61 Their automated web crawling system identified a web page's context, not just the text.

Speaker 76 Then, pages were ranked based on relevance to specific queries.

Speaker 81 Pages actually discussing hiking gear would rank higher for that query.

Speaker 71 High traffic pages and pages with lots of incoming links ranked even higher.

Speaker 30 These were signals to the algorithm that a page was a good match for that query.

Speaker 47 Using this search engine felt like magic.

Speaker 50 Usually the first or second result was exactly what you were looking for.

Speaker 16 Somehow it knew.

Speaker 76 The system used an optimization technique called association rule mining or query flox.

Speaker 50 This assumes birds of a feather stick together, meaning people searching specific keywords tended to click the same result.

Speaker 43 Query flox worked with people too.

Speaker 123 The search engine learned that people with similar online habits search for similar things.

Speaker 136 If you searched hiking gear, the system assumed you liked outdoor activities and were probably within a certain age group.

Speaker 125 And the more you used the search engine, the more it learned about you.

Speaker 30 So your searches always gave you relevant results.

Speaker 125 Using information you willingly provided, these students had developed a method to create your digital fingerprint.

Speaker 59 Jackpot

Speaker 174 The CIA, NSA, and DARPA learned about this project, and through the National Science Foundation, the MDDS funded it.

Speaker 54 If you haven't guessed by now, those two students were Sergei Brin and Larry Page, and the search engine was Google.

Speaker 76 You won't find MDDS in Google's origin story, but this is public unclassified information.

Speaker 125 It's just hard to find.

Speaker 171 In Brendan Page's famous 1998 research paper, The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine, they thank DARPA for their support.

Speaker 76 You can see this for yourself. It's on page 16, section 7, under acknowledgements.

Speaker 171 Now there's a lot more to this rabbit hole.

Speaker 51 The connection between intelligence agencies and technology companies is so-blah, hang on, hang on.

Speaker 1 What?

Speaker 87 Pop quiz go ahead how do you make your living youtube and who owns youtube google right bye-bye channel now would be a good time to ask for patreon support i don't do plugs until the end of the episode make an exception we're in the deep water now he might be right truly and honestly i won't know until it's too late But telling you this story might have been a terrible mistake.

Speaker 100 So yes, please go to patreon.com slash the wifiles.

Speaker 94 I don't know if we will, but we might need your help.

Speaker 100 Anyway, this video isn't about Google.

Speaker 94 It's about DARPA, specifically the dark side of DARPA.

Speaker 174 And it's about to get a whole lot darker.

Speaker 127 When John F.

Speaker 134 Kennedy took office in 1961, America had allies everywhere.

Speaker 170 Cuba, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Iran, Lebanon, and many others.

Speaker 172 But the Soviet Union was fueling insurrections against U.S.-friendly governments.

Speaker 147 Kennedy promised to stop the spread of communism, but the Soviets were pouring billions into military technology, rocket and missile systems, even space exploration.

Speaker 141 JFK was committed to keeping pace.

Speaker 65 He wanted more resources in science and technology.

Speaker 141 He modernized the military and doubled DARPA's budget, and the timing couldn't be better.

Speaker 138 The global Cold War had evolved into regional proxy wars with the Soviets.

Speaker 168 A new type of warfare was being fought, guerrilla warfare.

Speaker 30 Old military strategies wouldn't work.

Speaker 141 The situation in Vietnam was especially bad.

Speaker 138 The Viet Cong were hidden under the thick jungle canopy.

Speaker 100 You can't kill an enemy that you can't see.

Speaker 141 DARPA proposed a solution, Project Agile.

Speaker 174 It was pitched to Kennedy as both a scientific and military endeavor.

Speaker 76 Kennedy signed off immediately.

Speaker 77 The first phase was called Operation Ranch Hand.

Speaker 100 Its purpose was to clear the jungle.

Speaker 51 DARPA developed the rainbow herbicides, named for their container colors, to kill the foliage.

Speaker 17 Agent Purple was first, then green, then pink.

Speaker 167 DARPA was combining different herbicides, defoliants, and toxins, looking for the perfect formula to destroy Viet Con cover.

Speaker 65 Agent Orange was the winner.

Speaker 167 Millions of gallons of Agent Orange were sprayed over miles of jungle every day. Leaves fell from trees almost almost immediately.
Another application and the trees died.

Speaker 48 Next, Project Agile targeted farms.

Speaker 17 Asian Orange could destroy miles of crops in a day.

Speaker 50 They asked South Vietnamese President Diem if he knew which farms were Viet Cong and which belonged to innocent civilians.

Speaker 138 He said yes, he knew and he didn't care.

Speaker 171 If they weren't traitors yet, they would be soon.

Speaker 128 Kill them all.

Speaker 35 Now the U.S.

Speaker 50 didn't want to do this, but it only had a few hundred military advisors in Vietnam at this time.

Speaker 169 They didn't want to send more.

Speaker 167 Better to sacrifice North Vietnamese farmers than U.S.

Speaker 41 Marines.

Speaker 167 So it was done.

Speaker 41 Guilty or innocent, friend or foe, if you were a North Vietnamese farmer, you were targeted.

Speaker 145 Your crops were destroyed and your soil was poisoned.

Speaker 167 Replanting was impossible.

Speaker 181 Agent Orange's effects were instant and devastating, and nobody knew it was only the beginning.

Speaker 100 As the Vietnam War escalated, so did the use of Agent Orange under DARPA's Project Agile.

Speaker 61 Project Agile used other tactics.

Speaker 151 DARPA contractors included social scientists and experts in human psychology.

Speaker 189 Propaganda spread through leaflets, loudspeakers, and media control.

Speaker 56 Subliminal technology kept people in heightened emotional states, from minor discomfort to absolute terror.

Speaker 87 Subliminal Subliminal warfare, mind control, link going down the alley, Sally.

Speaker 104 Psychological warfare teams targeted villages, turning neighbor against neighbor.

Speaker 64 Civilians were forced into strategic hamlets for their safety.

Speaker 121 4 million people were relocated against their will.

Speaker 76 Meanwhile, soldiers complained of headaches, nausea, stinging eyes, and rashes.

Speaker 41 Agent Orange did more than clear jungle and kill crops.

Speaker 38 It tortured people for life.

Speaker 50 Thousands exposed to Agent Orange developed cancer.

Speaker 58 Children were born with defects.

Speaker 124 Agent Orange caused reproductive problems like infertility and miscarriages.

Speaker 166 Heart disease and diabetes increased.

Speaker 40 Agent Orange was first used in 1962.

Speaker 167 In 1965, scientists discovered it contained dioxin, a highly toxic compound that causes cancer and birth defects.

Speaker 91 They kept using it.

Speaker 76 In 1967, a study proved dioxin causes birth defects even at low concentrations.

Speaker 166 They kept using it.

Speaker 197 In 1969, a Department of Defense report acknowledged Agent Orange's severe health risks.

Speaker 104 They kept using it.

Speaker 167 Public outcry forced President Nixon to stop the use of Agent Orange in 1970.

Speaker 41 They kept using it.

Speaker 106 They stopped spraying the following year, 1971.

Speaker 26 Even in war, there are rules.

Speaker 141 POWs must be treated humanely.

Speaker 142 Medical staff and facilities are off-limits.

Speaker 104 Humanitarian aid must be allowed.

Speaker 252 Breaking these rules is a war crime.

Speaker 41 In 1907, the Hague Convention banned the use of poison in war.

Speaker 46 The U.S. signed the treaty.

Speaker 50 Agent Orange was poisoned.

Speaker 142 That's what herbicides are.

Speaker 50 So was using Agent Orange a war crime?

Speaker 228 No.

Speaker 127 The United States said Agent Orange wasn't a poison, it was an herbicide.

Speaker 47 The treaty didn't specifically mention herbicides.

Speaker 87 Oh, that's some loyal loophole bullshit.

Speaker 76 In 1925, the Geneva Protocol banned the use of chemical weapons.

Speaker 40 The U.S. signed this treaty.

Speaker 60 But Agent Orange was a chemical.

Speaker 138 Of the 12 companies producing Agent Orange, the primary manufacturer was the Dow Chemical Company.

Speaker 60 The word chemical is in the company's name.

Speaker 50 So is using Agent Orange a war crime?

Speaker 128 Nope.

Speaker 197 The United States said Agent Orange wasn't a chemical.

Speaker 1 It was an herbicide. But wait, how is that even possible?

Speaker 209 It's not.

Speaker 104 In 1949, the Geneva Conventions established that civilians and their property must not be intentionally targeted.

Speaker 53 Only combatants and military targets were allowed.

Speaker 147 The U.S. signed this treaty.

Speaker 136 But civilians and their farms were intentionally targeted with Agent Orange.

Speaker 127 So is using it a war crime?

Speaker 209 No.

Speaker 50 The United States said the intent was to disrupt the enemy's logistical support and visibility, not cause direct harm to people.

Speaker 100 In other words, it was an accident.

Speaker 50 So what about the destruction of plants and trees on civilian land?

Speaker 189 Those weren't military targets.

Speaker 242 Isn't this a war crime? No.

Speaker 60 The United States said it was a military necessity to defoliate the area in order to deny the enemy cover, which makes trees, any trees, anywhere, a military target.

Speaker 17 What about destroying civilian crops?

Speaker 197 Again, the U.S. only intended to destroy crops of the enemy, not civilians.

Speaker 71 It was unintentional.

Speaker 128 So, no war crime.

Speaker 41 In 1977, the Geneva Conventions were amended to specifically ban the use of herbicides and reinforce civilian protection.

Speaker 50 The U.S.

Speaker 60 signed this new treaty, but still denied any liability for the damage caused by Agent Orange.

Speaker 227 However, in 1984, U.S.

Speaker 136 veterans sued the chemical companies, who settled for $180 million.

Speaker 50 But the settlement was to support veterans, not an admission of guilt.

Speaker 50 In 2004, Jill Montgomery, speaking for the Monsanto Company, one of the major suppliers of Agent Orange, she set the record straight.

Speaker 256 We're sympathetic with people who believe they've been injured and understand their concern to find the cause.

Speaker 256 But reliable scientific evidence indicates that Agent Orange is not the cause of serious long-term health effects.

Speaker 50 In 1991, finally, the VA started providing benefits to vets exposed to Agent Orange, but the U.S.

Speaker 174 still denies liability.

Speaker 52 My father-in-law served in Vietnam.

Speaker 74 He was exposed to Agent Orange.

Speaker 127 He's watching, so I won't list his illnesses, but he suffered almost all of them.

Speaker 197 So in 1991, he applied for his benefits.

Speaker 179 And I'll admit, the government kept its word.

Speaker 30 He did receive his benefits.

Speaker 51 In 2021, it took 30 years.

Speaker 136 Like so many vets, when his country needed him, he didn't hesitate.

Speaker 179 But when he needed his country, they said take a number get in line and hope you're still alive by the time we call your name do i sound angry that's because i am

Speaker 102 between 1955 and 1975 2.7 million people were deployed to vietnam 58 000 dead 300 000 wounded 3 000 missing or prisoners of war 1500 still missing That's tragic, but it's much worse.

Speaker 76 The VA estimates 300,000 to 400,000 veterans may have died from illnesses caused by the exposure to Agent Orange.

Speaker 131 May have.

Speaker 142 To this day,

Speaker 122 to this day, no single person, agency, company, or government has admitted any wrongdoing or assumed any liability for the millions of lives destroyed by Agent Orange.

Speaker 142 Now, ordinary people like us have so many rules we have to follow.

Speaker 55 Don't speed, check grandma's shoes before she gets on a plane.

Speaker 169 Pay your taxes, even though we're gonna steal it and waste your money.

Speaker 134 Pick up a gun, shoot at those people, do what you're told.

Speaker 67 If we break a law, the government will take our money, seize our property, force us into labor, or lock us in a cell.

Speaker 138 It all depends on the crime.

Speaker 68 So we follow the law.

Speaker 152 But if you're a big chemical company or a government agency, don't worry about the law.

Speaker 173 You can get away with murder.

Speaker 246 I needed a minute.

Speaker 61 The story of DARPA is hard to debunk, and that's because most of it's true. What we know about DARPA's projects come from them.

Speaker 17 Their websites and official YouTube channel openly share information.

Speaker 43 They have a podcast called Voices of DARPA.

Speaker 138 Even the experts in covering DARPA, Annie Jacobson and Sharon Weinberger, get their information from the agency they're writing about.

Speaker 174 When Jacobson gives a speech, writes a book, or appears in an interview about DARPA, she's not sharing classified information.

Speaker 75 She's not speculating, she's reporting.

Speaker 47 She never claims to know anything that we can't find out for ourselves.

Speaker 19 But still, most information is secret.

Speaker 41 What we know about DARPA is what they want us to know.

Speaker 57 There's no transparency, none.

Speaker 41 Also, DARPA is exempt from laws that other government agencies have to follow.

Speaker 185 specifically about hiring practices, managing personnel, and managing budgets.

Speaker 136 They can run the agency however they like.

Speaker 41 DARPA is only 220 people.

Speaker 107 That's it.

Speaker 39 With a budget of almost $4 billion.

Speaker 30 Now that's a lot of freedom and power, but it's much more than that.

Speaker 76 DARPA is allowed to fund projects through what's called other transactions.

Speaker 24 No congressional approval needed.

Speaker 92 No reporting required.

Speaker 76 Choose the projects you want to fund and fund them.

Speaker 94 So who's choosing the projects?

Speaker 76 Annie Jacobson gives us an unsettling answer.

Speaker 200 The real problem is that the individuals who are responsible for deciding what weapon systems are being financed and created in these classified DARPA programs are the very CEOs of defense contractors who stand to financially benefit from these contracts.

Speaker 65 Annie Jacobson has said that DARPA is the agency driving the military-industrial complex.

Speaker 71 That agency is run by the companies that profit from the technology they create.

Speaker 126 This is exactly what President Eisenhower said would happen.

Speaker 192 If you make war profitable, you'll always have war.

Speaker 12 But to be fair, DARPA's innovations have made our lives better.

Speaker 169 Not just because of cell phones and GPS, DARPA's achievements in prosthetics have allowed paralyzed children to walk again.

Speaker 76 They've created medical techniques to diagnose illnesses earlier.

Speaker 50 They've bioengineered tissue and organs that can be used for transplants.

Speaker 60 They've developed machines that can stabilize injured people in emergency situations.

Speaker 113 Advanced medical imaging such as ultrasound, MRI, and brain imaging, all created by or alongside DARPA.

Speaker 35 Now, does the good outweigh the bad?

Speaker 94 Do DARPA's contributions offset the damage they've done?

Speaker 104 I don't know, that's not for me to judge.

Speaker 76 But this story reminds me of the courtroom scene in A Few Good Men.

Speaker 87 You can't handle the truth.

Speaker 51 Right, when the colonel says, my existence, while grotesque and incomprehensible to you, saves lives.

Speaker 87 You don't want the truth because deep down in places you don't talk about it, parties.

Speaker 228 You want me on that wall.

Speaker 2 You need me on that wall.

Speaker 3 Right.

Speaker 100 So is DARPA a necessary evil?

Speaker 181 Is evil even the right word?

Speaker 1 I don't know.

Speaker 50 When DARPA was formed in 1958, its mission was to make sure the United States was never again surprised by advanced technology.

Speaker 166 And for 66 years, DARPA has succeeded in its mission.

Speaker 81 The U.S.

Speaker 48 has never been surprised by technology.

Speaker 137 Except for the UFOs. Okay, the U.S.

Speaker 19 has never been surprised by another country's technology.

Speaker 1 Better.

Speaker 52 I can't forget all the suffering that DARPA has caused.

Speaker 127 But DARPA's done so much good, can I forgive?

Speaker 131 I don't know.

Speaker 262 I'm disgusted by some of DARPA's actions, by our government's corruption, by the fact that, because of DARPA, bad people get rich from war.

Speaker 16 But if I'm being honest, which I always am with you, I have to acknowledge that as an American, we need DARPA on that wall.

Speaker 263 Kevin and Rachel and Peanut M ⁇ Ms and an eight-hour road trip. And Rachel's new favorite audiobook, The Cerulean Empress, Scoundrel's Inferno.

Speaker 263 And Florian, the reckless yet charming scoundrel from said audiobook.

Speaker 264 And his pecs glistened in the moonlight.

Speaker 263 And Kevin feeling weird because of all the talk about pecs. And Rachel handing him peanut MMs to keep him quiet.

Speaker 26 Uh, Kevin, I can't hear.

Speaker 263 Yellow, we're keeping it PG-13.

Speaker 79 MMs, it's more fun together.

Speaker 229 A happy place comes in many colors.

Speaker 266 Whatever your color, bring happiness home with CertaPro Painters. Get started today at Certapro.com.
Each Certipro Painters business is independently owned and operated.

Speaker 266 Contractor license and registration information is available at Certapro.com.

Speaker 6 So just to follow up on that Sean Ryan clip, the very day I did his show and told him about that episode, he connected me with someone to help my father-in-law get all his benefits.

Speaker 4 That day, without me asking for help, just suddenly got a text.

Speaker 6 You know, call this number and you'll be taken care of. Because Sean is about as good of a guy as you'll find.
And when I say good, I don't mean, yeah, he's a good guy.

Speaker 130 I mean he's a force for good in the world.

Speaker 6 And look, I know he's controversial for some people, but I met the man in person.

Speaker 4 I spent the whole day with him and he and his whole staff, his whole team, everybody there was gracious, kind, very complimentary.

Speaker 6 They're all fans of the channel.

Speaker 4 We had some great talks and debates about the moon landing and flat earth and all that stuff. I had a great day with the whole crew.

Speaker 6 So Sean Ryan is the real deal. Plus, I've been around shooters my whole life.

Speaker 4 I've never seen anyone shoot like that.

Speaker 251 Anyway,

Speaker 4 check in the notes. Check in the notes.
Okay.

Speaker 265 Oh, boy.

Speaker 6 We're going to keep it going with the dangerous topics. This next one is another one that was

Speaker 4 uncomfortable releasing.

Speaker 13 When I did the Killer Patents episode, I ended it with all the free energy inventors that...

Speaker 8 Like the hydrogen car guy.

Speaker 13 He got, he said he was poisoned.

Speaker 268 He said said

Speaker 12 he is having he's having like lunch with investors to like finally take his, his car ran in water.

Speaker 13 This is Stanley Meyer.

Speaker 180 And

Speaker 237 he's not feeling well and he runs outside.

Speaker 13 He's like throwing up in the street.

Speaker 235 And his brother was his partner.

Speaker 270 And his brother said, what's going on?

Speaker 13 He's like, I was poisoned. And then he dies.

Speaker 149 And that was the end of it.

Speaker 26 No more water car.

Speaker 206 Killer patents.

Speaker 35 The end of this one went viral.

Speaker 93 See you in a minute.

Speaker 142 For decades, we've heard about the catastrophic effects of fossil fuel pollution.

Speaker 135 And for just as long, I've been hearing that global warming is a myth.

Speaker 116 The two sides are constantly at each other's throats, but it's a fight that's completely unnecessary.

Speaker 24 The technology to create unlimited, clean, free energy has existed for over 100 years.

Speaker 272 Dozens, perhaps hundreds of inventors have created machines that pull energy out of thin air.

Speaker 139 machines that could defy gravity, levitate, and fly.

Speaker 64 Machines that bend the fabric of space-time itself.

Speaker 56 These machines sound not just like science fiction, they sound like magic.

Speaker 272 So where are these magical devices? Well, when the inventors patented and publicized their technology, they performed another magic trick.

Speaker 74 They disappeared.

Speaker 116 For years, certainly in my whole life, we've heard how fossil fuel pollution is creating a runaway greenhouse effect.

Speaker 150 At some point, the ice caps will melt, the oceans will rise, and every coastline in the world will be underwater.

Speaker 183 What now? When?

Speaker 87 When does it happen? When do we go underwater?

Speaker 99 Well, that's hard to say.

Speaker 87 Five years, 20, 50.

Speaker 181 You can't really quantify it.

Speaker 87 Oh, you can't quantify it, huh?

Speaker 1 Look, I don't want...

Speaker 87 Is Florida still here?

Speaker 1 What do you mean?

Speaker 87 Let me talk slowly so you can understand.

Speaker 87 Is Florida still there?

Speaker 52 Last I checked, Florida is still there.

Speaker 87 Thank you. I rest my case.

Speaker 1 Global warming is a myth.

Speaker 228 It's not a myth of-

Speaker 96 Look, this isn't a video about climate change.

Speaker 87 Oh, look, global warming is not climate change.

Speaker 228 My point is...

Speaker 87 How dare you?

Speaker 210 Look, do you want clean air?

Speaker 1 Clean air?

Speaker 87 No, who cares?

Speaker 78 Fine, but do you want clean water?

Speaker 1 Well, yeah. Right.

Speaker 111 The point of this episode isn't to argue one side of the climate debate or the other.

Speaker 101 The point of this episode is that debating, arguing, and fighting about it isn't necessary and hasn't been for over a hundred years.

Speaker 44 Since the 1920s and perhaps even earlier, scientists have discovered many different ways of making energy less expensive and more efficient.

Speaker 115 However, in every single case, their technology was suppressed.

Speaker 118 And in many cases, the inventors died under strange circumstances.

Speaker 82 Okay, you've got my attention now.

Speaker 135 Charles Pogue was a Canadian mechanic and car tinkerer.

Speaker 65 In the early 1930s, he started experimenting with carburetors, trying to improve fuel efficiency.

Speaker 98 Now, if you're not a gearhead, a carburetor is a part of a gas-powered engine that mixes air and fuel for combustion.

Speaker 24 The mixture is then sent to the engine cylinders, where it's ignited to power the engine.

Speaker 99 Now, unlike traditional carburetors, which mix air with liquid gasoline, the Pogue carburetor fully vaporized gas before it entered the combustion chamber.

Speaker 1 This made the engine more efficient, much more efficient.

Speaker 159 In 1936, Pogue was issued a patent for a high-mileage carburetor.

Speaker 105 This was his third iteration of the invention and his third patent.

Speaker 115 In early 1936, the Breen Motor Company tested the Pogue carburetor on a Ford V8 coupe.

Speaker 101 It got 26.2 miles on one pint of gasoline.

Speaker 78 That's almost 220 miles per gallon.

Speaker 86 Ford tested it.

Speaker 78 They got 200 miles per gallon.

Speaker 109 The Pogue carburetor was tested for Canadian Automotive magazine.

Speaker 101 They reported 218 miles per gallon.

Speaker 115 Now, that article created a lot of excitement, but it wasn't good news for Charles Pogue.

Speaker 90 On the Toronto Stock Exchange, oil company stock prices crashed.

Speaker 103 Brokers were swamped with orders to dump all oil stock immediately.

Speaker 54 Soon after that, Pogue's shop was broken into.

Speaker 98 All carburetors, equipment, notes, and documents were stolen.

Speaker 92 He never built another one.

Speaker 24 He never spoke of the invention ever again.

Speaker 87 Someone got to him.

Speaker 99 That's the rumor.

Speaker 276 But carburetors aren't complicated.

Speaker 210 If one man figures out how to make an engine more efficient, others could do this too.

Speaker 1 And they did.

Speaker 272 But the oil companies did not forget about Pogue and the damage damage he almost caused.

Speaker 74 Fuel-efficient engines were not good for business, so the oil companies lobbied the U.S.

Speaker 102 government for help.

Speaker 258 And a few years later, in 1951, help arrived.

Speaker 56 The concept of patents can be traced back to ancient times, but the formal patent system that we know today came from Renaissance Europe.

Speaker 90 The first known patent law was enacted in Venice in 1474, and it was a revolutionary idea designed to encourage innovation.

Speaker 101 It offered inventors a temporary monopoly in exchange for sharing their inventions with society.

Speaker 94 But some inventions are legally patented and hidden from society.

Speaker 272 In 1951, the United States passed the Invention Secrecy Act.

Speaker 102 This allows the U.S.

Speaker 182 government to keep certain technologies and inventions secret, legally.

Speaker 50 If they decide something threatens the country's economy or security, it's stamped with a secrecy order and classified.

Speaker 109 The inventor can't speak about it, export it, or sell it unless it's to the U.S.

Speaker 43 military.

Speaker 87 Of course.

Speaker 92 If the inventor violates these orders, they face imprisonment or, as we're about to see, consequences that are even worse.

Speaker 30 In the 1970s, Tom Ogle accidentally discovered a way to make an engine run on its own

Speaker 220 I was messing around with a lawn mower when I accidentally knocked a hole in its fuel tank. I put a vacuum line running from the tank straight into the carburetor inlet.

Speaker 220 I just let it run, and it kept running and running, but the fuel level stayed the same. I got excited.
The lawn mower was running without a carburetor and was getting tremendous efficiency.

Speaker 65 That mower ran for 96 straight hours.

Speaker 81 Woo!

Speaker 101 After a few months of trial and error, Ogle replicated his invention with his own car.

Speaker 151 His 1970 Ford Galaxy got 11 miles per gallon, but after a few modifications, it got 100 miles per gallon.

Speaker 88 In April 1977, Ogle drove the 4,000-pound car 205 miles on just two gallons of gas.

Speaker 72 Engineers inspected the car for hidden gas tanks and other gimmicks, but nothing was found.

Speaker 12 His technology worked.

Speaker 24 Ogle made the internal combustion engine do what it was designed to do, operate on fumes.

Speaker 172 He accidentally invented a version of Pogue's carburetor.

Speaker 129 Almost overnight, 24-year-old Tom Ogle became an engineering sensation.

Speaker 64 Oil companies, investors, and businessmen approached him with offers.

Speaker 181 People expected him to become a billionaire.

Speaker 150 Shell Oil offered him $25 million cash for the design.

Speaker 48 Ogle passed when he found out they intended to hide the invention forever.

Speaker 220 I've always wanted to be rich, and I suspect I will be when this system gets into distribution, but I'm not going to have my system bought up and put on the shelf.

Speaker 151 So, Tom struck deals with investors who would let him control the invention and keep working.

Speaker 232 He filed for and received a patent.

Speaker 60 He had attorneys, money, all kinds of resources.

Speaker 62 Then, the United States Air Force showed interest.

Speaker 1 Uh-oh.

Speaker 185 And that's when things went downhill.

Speaker 1 Downhill, huh?

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 30 Suddenly, the SEC was after him for violating securities laws.

Speaker 57 The IRS was after him for failing to pay back taxes.

Speaker 37 The next few months were a mess. Ogle's wife left him and took their daughter.

Speaker 54 Legal battles were everywhere.

Speaker 118 Investors were fighting for control of the patent.

Speaker 96 Then, on April 14th, 1978, Ogle was shot by a stranger outside a bar.

Speaker 133 No suspect.

Speaker 32 But he survived.

Speaker 87 But not for long?

Speaker 63 No, not for long.

Speaker 102 On August 18th, he went to a friend's apartment where he collapsed and died.

Speaker 85 His death, which involved painkillers and alcohol, was ruled an accidental overdose, though Tom Ogle had no history of drug use.

Speaker 127 Ogle's friends, family, and attorney claimed this was a cover-up for murder.

Speaker 100 But the damage was done.

Speaker 214 Tom Ogle was gone, and his invention, despite the overwhelming evidence that it worked, was was conveniently forgotten.

Speaker 50 Later that year, the U.S.

Speaker 281 and Saudi Arabia negotiated the United States-Saudi Arabian Joint Commission on Economic Cooperation.

Speaker 94 They agreed to use U.S.

Speaker 276 dollars for oil contracts.

Speaker 37 The petrodollar became the de facto currency of the world that day.

Speaker 102 This made the U.S.

Speaker 111 government much more powerful and made oil companies richer than ever.

Speaker 58 A few years later, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Brown, a former member of Project Blue Book, made a similar invention.

Speaker 165 He created a device that attached to the air intake of a vehicle, reducing emissions by 50 to 70%

Speaker 37 and increasing miles per gallon.

Speaker 283 I treat air and out of air, I make it more than just providing oxygen for the combustion process.

Speaker 26 There are combustion-stimulating molecules and radicals generated in this process.

Speaker 282 Thunderstorm in a bottle.

Speaker 136 Even though the colonel's invention reduced emissions and cleaned the air, the EPA shut him down.

Speaker 282 Environmental Protection Agency is a bit of a dictatorial police agency.

Speaker 283 They call themselves a protecting agency, but they are a police agency. EPA cannot approve a fuel-saving device.
They put out reams of documentation. stating that something will not work.

Speaker 154 Soon after, he received bomb threats.

Speaker 48 His His lab was vandalized, and everything was stolen.

Speaker 50 He lost his life savings, and his work was stopped.

Speaker 129 Like Charles Pogue and Tom Ogle, Colonel Brown took his technology to his grave.

Speaker 281 These inventions still used gasoline and oil.

Speaker 139 They didn't necessarily threaten the fossil fuel industry, yet, the government or someone still shut them down.

Speaker 56 So, you can only imagine what happens when you invent a car that doesn't need gas at all.

Speaker 285 The Top R News here at 6 o'clock, an age-old dream becoming a reality.

Speaker 110 A local inventor has discovered a way, hear this, to use water to head your car.

Speaker 287 The answer to dependence on foreign oil lies all around us. A car that runs on water instead of gasoline.
The man who invented an engine that can run on water.

Speaker 287 Any kind of H2O, he says, can power just about every type of car. He's come up with a device that will hook up to any engine and allow it to run on good old H2O.

Speaker 289 Stanley Meyer.

Speaker 289 He's been offered a billion dollars in cash by oil-producing countries to sell his patent. So far, he hasn't sold.

Speaker 47 Stanley Meyer did not keep his invention secret.

Speaker 290 He went straight to the news.

Speaker 12 His announcement made headlines across the country and around the world.

Speaker 101 He had invented a car that could run on nothing but water.

Speaker 43 The technology is called electrolysis.

Speaker 148 This is using electricity to split water into oxygen and hydrogen gas.

Speaker 14 Now, this isn't a new invention.

Speaker 119 In 1789, Jan Rudolf Diamond used an electrostatic machine to generate electricity from water that was then discharged to gold electrodes.

Speaker 185 And throughout the 19th century, various inventors and scientists created machines that could split water into oxygen and hydrogen.

Speaker 275 But there are a few problems.

Speaker 109 The process requires a lot of energy, and it requires perfectly pure water.

Speaker 40 No minerals, no chemicals, nothing.

Speaker 104 It has to be nothing but H2O.

Speaker 109 It's very hard to produce pure water.

Speaker 111 Not only do you need pure water for electrolysis, you need lots of it.

Speaker 65 Stanley Meyer's engine didn't require much water at all.

Speaker 137 Stan estimated that if he took his water-powered car from coast to coast in the U.S., it would use only 22 gallons of water.

Speaker 240 And the biggest breakthrough, it didn't need pure water.

Speaker 26 It could run on ordinary tap water.

Speaker 182 He called his invention a water fuel cell injector.

Speaker 109 The injector breaks water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen.

Speaker 19 The engine runs on hydrogen gas.

Speaker 73 He took his car on tour around the country.

Speaker 50 Engineers inspected it and they said it worked.

Speaker 288 We recently took a scientific delegation to witness Stan's work, to really evaluate it, and came back saying, this is one of the most important inventions of the century.

Speaker 28 Stan's tour got a lot of media coverage.

Speaker 104 This led to offers from investors and oil companies and even the Pentagon.

Speaker 2 Pentagon?

Speaker 1 Well, let me guess.

Speaker 82 That's when things went downhill.

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 78 Oh, no.

Speaker 111 In 1998, Stan was at a restaurant with his brother and a few Belgian investors.

Speaker 30 They were about to sign a multi-million dollar deal, so they raised their glasses and made a toast to celebrate.

Speaker 98 Then Stan suddenly became violently ill.

Speaker 37 He ran out of the restaurant, fell down in the street, and started vomiting.

Speaker 32 His brother ran after him.

Speaker 72 Stan's final words were, they poisoned me.

Speaker 142 But his death certificate doesn't reflect that at all.

Speaker 119 It says he was at lunch with officials from NATO and that he died of a brain aneurysm.

Speaker 268 But if you read this statement, you can kind of tell that the coroner was

Speaker 219 already

Speaker 268 questioning whether he was actually poisoned or not and just dismissed being poisoned as such a blatant lie and not true.

Speaker 268 I think a brain aneurysm is a very convenient way for somebody to die. And if they were poisoned, that can cause that.

Speaker 100 It can cause that.

Speaker 49 Now, lots of people have heard of Stanley Meyer's water car, but what most people don't know is that the water-powered engine wasn't the only disruptive invention in Stan's garage.

Speaker 111 He also had a toroid-shaped-shaped electromagnetic device slapped with a national security order.

Speaker 8 Even in my prior development of high technology, I've had patents taken from me. I learned from the school of hard knocks to be very cautious.

Speaker 16 He was paranoid, and rightfully so.

Speaker 52 And that's why if you try to replicate the technology in Stan Meyer's patent, it won't work.

Speaker 24 He faked the voltage and frequency numbers to prevent another invention from being stolen or classified.

Speaker 65 But skeptics say it doesn't matter what numbers you use, the engine won't work.

Speaker 78 They say Stan's technology broke the second law of thermodynamics that states that every time you transfer energy, energy is wasted.

Speaker 182 Stan's engine didn't waste energy at all, it created it.

Speaker 233 But that also violates the first law of thermodynamics, the conservation of energy, that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Speaker 107 But what if those laws are completely misunderstood?

Speaker 16 That with the right technology, the laws of thermodynamics don't have to apply at all. Mainstream science doesn't like that idea.

Speaker 87 Mainstream science can go pound.

Speaker 50 Well it turns out that Stan's water car was his least important invention.

Speaker 37 That donut-shaped device was another invention that created energy.

Speaker 50 And the reason it was classified?

Speaker 226 Well it didn't run on gas, it didn't run on water, it ran on nothing.

Speaker 199 The vacuum of space is supposed to be empty, and at the temperature of absolute zero, it should be perfectly still.

Speaker 61 But quantum physicists discovered that empty space is not empty or still at all.

Speaker 16 Now, we've all been taught that in an atom, electrons orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun.

Speaker 149 And in a vacuum with no resistance, the orbits of electrons should be predictable, but they're not.

Speaker 70 In 1955, Willis Lamb won the Nobel Prize for discovering what's become known as the Lamb shift.

Speaker 119 Now, in simple terms, Lamb discovered that electrons and hydrogen atoms were being disturbed by something.

Speaker 254 He discovered complex interactions between the electron and the vacuum of space itself.

Speaker 253 Space is teeming with quantum particles that blink in and out of existence.

Speaker 42 And when they do that, they use and and create energy, a lot of it.

Speaker 289 But when you go to look at the numbers, you find out that there's enough energy in the volume of a coffee cup to evaporate all the world's oceans that you could get it all out.

Speaker 108 Enough energy to boil and evaporate all the oceans on Earth from a coffee cup of empty space.

Speaker 61 This energy is called zero-point energy.

Speaker 37 And it's generated from the zero-point field.

Speaker 50 Nikola Tesla, Nikolai Kaziarev, and other scientists called this field the ether.

Speaker 172 The ether is a field in which everything exists, but it exists in a dimension that our brains can't perceive.

Speaker 167 Particles blinking in and out of existence have to be coming from and going somewhere.

Speaker 30 That place is the ether, the base layer of reality.

Speaker 12 But even though we can't see it, this layer can be disrupted with electromagnetism.

Speaker 50 Tesla famously said, if you want to find the secrets of the the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency, and vibration.

Speaker 111 He tried to harness energy from the zero-point field using the tower he built on Long Island.

Speaker 1 Tesla link blow!

Speaker 151 Now Tesla's Wardenclyffe Tower tapped into this endless supply of energy. The tower was considered an over-unity device.

Speaker 35 An over-unity is when something gives out more energy than is put in.

Speaker 100 Now, mainstream science claims this is impossible, again, because it breaks the second law of thermodynamics.

Speaker 151 But for over 100 years, scientists and inventors have proved that claim wrong.

Speaker 294 Zero-point energy devices also violate the conservation of energy, that energy can't be created or destroyed.

Speaker 167 But those inventors don't claim to be creating energy from nothing.

Speaker 81 They are tapping into the energy that already exists everywhere all around us.

Speaker 12 In the 1970s, Howard Johnson created the magnetron motor.

Speaker 106 It used hydrogen, magnets, light rays, and fusion to create electricity.

Speaker 61 Now, according to practical physics, his invention was impossible.

Speaker 235 But here's the thing.

Speaker 26 His motor worked, and he proved it over and over again.

Speaker 130 Still, he was denied a patent.

Speaker 162 The dilemma facing Johnson is not really his dilemma, but rather that of other scientists who have observed his prototypes. The devices obviously do work, but the textbooks say they shouldn't.

Speaker 162 Johnson is saying to the scientific community that this is a phenomenon that seems to contradict some of our traditional beliefs.

Speaker 162 For all our sakes, let's not dismiss it outright, but take the time to understand the complex forces at work here.

Speaker 129 Johnson didn't get his patent and was shunned by the scientific community.

Speaker 50 Now, Howard Johnson wasn't a weekend garage tinkerer.

Speaker 189 He was a government contractor.

Speaker 247 He worked on atomic energy projects.

Speaker 136 He made equipment for the military.

Speaker 275 He already had over 30 30 patents for chemistry and physics devices.

Speaker 297 Science and physicists are especially determined to protect the law of conservation of energy. Thus, the physicists become game wardens who tell us what laws we can't violate.

Speaker 297 In this case, they don't even know what the game is, but they are so scared.

Speaker 64 Johnson's motor would lose less than 2% efficiency in almost 20 years of continuous operation.

Speaker 14 But he stopped working when someone broke into his shop and stole his equipment.

Speaker 144 He got the message.

Speaker 19 Thomas Murray also invented a device that could tap into the zero-point field.

Speaker 50 His machine could generate 50,000 watts of power with no energy input, another invention that broke the laws of physics.

Speaker 64 Murray tried to patent his invention.

Speaker 41 He was denied.

Speaker 104 They told him there's no such thing as free energy.

Speaker 61 But still, the U.S.

Speaker 158 government was interested.

Speaker 87 Yeah, and that's when things go

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 41 His lab was vandalized and robbed.

Speaker 19 He and his family survived multiple assassination attempts.

Speaker 49 It got so bad, he bulletproofed his own car.

Speaker 52 Now, despite the ongoing threats, Murray publicly demonstrated the success of his machine in 1940.

Speaker 157 It continuously produced an output of 250,000 volts with no input.

Speaker 28 Well, that was the last straw.

Speaker 50 The next day, someone broke into his lab and attacked him.

Speaker 275 He only survived because at this point he was carrying a pistol everywhere, but it didn't matter.

Speaker 62 Marais' assistant turned on him and destroyed everything.

Speaker 281 Equipment that would be worth millions today.

Speaker 61 Officially, Moray's assistant went crazy, but it sounds like somebody got to him.

Speaker 194 Moray died broke and he took his technology to the grave.

Speaker 50 Edwin Gray had a similar story.

Speaker 85 Gray created an electromagnetic motor that ran continuously on its own power.

Speaker 12 And like all zero-point devices, it didn't generate heat.

Speaker 61 The input was 26.8 watts, the output over 7,000 watts.

Speaker 12 Gray's machine was tested and verified by multiple scientists.

Speaker 289 Gray started developing this idea eight years ago.

Speaker 265 For the past year and a half, he's been trying to get someone in the U.S.

Speaker 289 government interested. So far, he's had a little luck.

Speaker 87 After he contacted the government, let me see.

Speaker 87 Things went downhill, right?

Speaker 1 Yep.

Speaker 63 Yeah.

Speaker 130 Within a week, local authorities performed an illegal raid on Gray's lab.

Speaker 100 They confiscated everything.

Speaker 12 Not long after that, Gray was found dead in his home.

Speaker 65 All his records, inventions, and materials vanished without a trace.

Speaker 73 Now, most of these inventions were from the turn of the 20th century, over 100 years ago.

Speaker 32 Imagine the progress we could have made if this technology survived and the world had free energy this whole time.

Speaker 65 But that's the thing. These stories happened so long ago that it's difficult to picture them as anything more than stories.

Speaker 60 I know you want to see video of one of these things operating.

Speaker 61 You want to see light bulbs and motors turning without wires and without plugs.

Speaker 41 You want to see one of these zero-point machines for yourself, don't you?

Speaker 59 You got it.

Speaker 151 Floyd Sweet was nicknamed Sparky because he was fascinated with electricity.

Speaker 92 He dreamed of a device that could take energy from the vacuum of space.

Speaker 18 So after retiring in the 1980s, he made one.

Speaker 43 He called it a vacuum triode amplifier, or VTA.

Speaker 299 So we have a 120-volt fan.

Speaker 299 As you can see, it's turning at good power.

Speaker 299 It is providing quite a breeze, and it's real usable power.

Speaker 121 Sparky's machine could do more than operate a fan.

Speaker 100 He fed it 0.3 milliwatts and produced almost 224,000 watts.

Speaker 106 This was continuous on-demand power.

Speaker 65 If you attach more equipment, it would simply harness more power.

Speaker 183 No limit.

Speaker 299 And here just coming into view,

Speaker 301 you see five 100 watt lamps, ordinary garden variety household lamps, brilliantly lit.

Speaker 299 So there's 500 watts of very real power here.

Speaker 301 Again, coming right out of the vacuum.

Speaker 43 224,000 watts from a box about the size of a deck of cards.

Speaker 204 That's enough to power your house, recharge your electric car, or light up a baseball field.

Speaker 108 It doesn't matter what you connect.

Speaker 109 The zero-point field will give you all the power you need.

Speaker 299 This is real usable power.

Speaker 297 It's stable.

Speaker 299 It is not transient

Speaker 299 it is not noise

Speaker 299 and it is not any other kind of spurious effect this is a real effect

Speaker 301 it's all coming from that little tiny box sitting behind

Speaker 299 the 500 watts of power

Speaker 299 behind the lamps that little box

Speaker 301 is putting out all of that power

Speaker 299 well over 500 watts

Speaker 299 and yet it is receiving less than one-third of a milliwatt of input power.

Speaker 192 So Sparky filed a patent.

Speaker 128 Yeah.

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 94 You know how this goes.

Speaker 154 Well, at the grocery store, a well-dressed man approached Sparky and showed him a photograph.

Speaker 275 It was a picture of Sparky and his wife in their house, taken from outside.

Speaker 163 Someone had been watching them.

Speaker 303 He walked me all the way to my building, telling me what would happen to me if I didn't stop my research.

Speaker 287 How they took that picture through my window, I'll never know.

Speaker 119 Sparky reported the incident to the FBI.

Speaker 87 Oh, that's like the hens calling the wolf for help.

Speaker 59 It was.

Speaker 164 Things got worse.

Speaker 125 Sparky and his wife started getting harassed.

Speaker 119 Their phone rang hundreds of times a day from pay phones all over the country.

Speaker 70 The call stopped when someone broke into Sparky's lab and stole his notes.

Speaker 195 Then, one night, two men stopped by to speak to Sparky and his wife.

Speaker 66 The men left, and about an hour later, Sparky collapsed.

Speaker 139 Frantic, his wife called an ambulance, but when they loaded Sparky, they refused to let his wife in the ambulance.

Speaker 168 20 minutes later, she got a call.

Speaker 81 Sparky was dead.

Speaker 160 Heart attack.

Speaker 150 Less than 24 hours later, a few black vans showed up at the house.

Speaker 100 The FBI confiscated all Sparky's equipment and research, and that's the last we've heard about it.

Speaker 61 But Sparky's VTA did more than than create unlimited power.

Speaker 186 It could levitate.

Speaker 50 A retired Army officer and nuclear physicist named Tom Bearden met with Sparky.

Speaker 56 He was intrigued by the VTA's potential.

Speaker 43 Bearden asked Sparky to do an anti-gravity experiment with it, and it worked.

Speaker 109 The VTA weighed about six pounds.

Speaker 24 They reduced the weight of it by 90%.

Speaker 27 According to Bearden's theory, gravity can become a pushing force rather than a pulling force.

Speaker 43 And that's exactly what the VTA did.

Speaker 179 Zero-point energy, anti-gravity.

Speaker 61 Now, if this sounds like UFO technology, that's because it is.

Speaker 56 Richard Doty says zero-point energy devices have been recovered from UFOs, and they operate a lot like Sparky's VTA.

Speaker 304 What this was, was an energy device that

Speaker 304 used zero-point energy.

Speaker 304 That's what they referred it to, zero-point energy. And it was connected in such a manner that this device could power, I mean, from

Speaker 304 a very small

Speaker 304 flashlight or a very small watch up to a city.

Speaker 26 And

Speaker 202 the

Speaker 304 power was determined by what the demand on it was.

Speaker 304 And so each craft had one of these.

Speaker 130 Anti-gravity technology is another reality that's been suppressed for years.

Speaker 231 And researching anti-gravity, even for the U.S.

Speaker 165 government, is very,

Speaker 10 very dangerous.

Speaker 104 According to multiple inventors, many of which are now dead, alien technology might not be so alien after all.

Speaker 111 Italian researcher Gianni Dotto created a large ring to go around the human body.

Speaker 108 Its purpose was to alter DNA to reverse aging.

Speaker 129 Now made of heavy copper, the Dotto ring manipulates the magnetic field around a human body using gravity and frequency.

Speaker 121 It was inspired by the Hunza Valley in Pakistan, where people rarely get sick and routinely live for over 100 years.

Speaker 61 Now, most researchers say their longevity is because of exercise and a healthy diet, but Dotto had a different theory.

Speaker 189 He said the extreme heat from the valley and the cold from the nearby glacier created a magnetic anomaly in the area.

Speaker 50 This protects DNA and slows the aging process.

Speaker 166 The Dotto ring was even tested at Sloan Kettering Hospital.

Speaker 81 It successfully lengthened the subject's telomeres, the part of our DNA that shortens as we age.

Speaker 128 The ring worked.

Speaker 94 And just like Sparky's device, Dotto's device could levitate.

Speaker 36 Then the FDA became involved.

Speaker 87 And everything went downhill.

Speaker 36 Yep, they shut down Dotto's research.

Speaker 61 Not long after that, Dotto was hit by a car that ran over him multiple times.

Speaker 104 The levitating, age-reversing Dotto ring vanished.

Speaker 19 T.

Speaker 192 Townsend Brown used a high voltage and electromagnetic field to create create a lift effect.

Speaker 306 This allowed an object to move at high speeds, free of the force of gravity.

Speaker 307 Brown made a flying saucer.

Speaker 308 As with many other promising inventions developed during the Cold War years, the National Secrecy Act prevented scientists like T-Towns and Brown from commercializing or even publicizing any technology which could potentially be interpreted as having a military application.

Speaker 276 Anti-gravity or anti-gravitic technology was popular in the 1950s.

Speaker 170 The United States and Canadian governments were both working on anti-gravitic technology.

Speaker 155 They farmed this workout to well-known aerospace companies like Lockheed Martin, Convair, Bell, and Lear.

Speaker 173 The research was actually out in the open and created a buzz.

Speaker 37 People were excited about the new G-engines and how this technology would revolutionize traveling.

Speaker 83 They talked about how everyone could have a flying car.

Speaker 210 Airplanes wouldn't need any fuel to fly.

Speaker 19 This is one of the last public mentions of anti-gravity technology.

Speaker 246 Lawrence D. Bell, the famous builder of the rocket research plane, says, We're already working with nuclear fuels and equipment to cancel out gravity.

Speaker 246 And William Lear, the autopilot wizard, is already figuring out gravity control for the weightless craft to come. According to the gravity research engineers, the G engine will replace all

Speaker 220 other motors.

Speaker 170 After that, everything went dark.

Speaker 59 So what happened?

Speaker 219 What happened was the military contractors got anti-gravity to work, and they wanted the technology all to themselves.

Speaker 151 After working at the Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, Dr.

Speaker 77 Ning Li started her own anti-gravity research company, AC Gravity.

Speaker 151 In the early 1990s, she published research papers on anti-gravity.

Speaker 19 This drew attention from the U.S.

Speaker 70 government.

Speaker 82 And then everything went dark. Downhill.
Yep.

Speaker 210 In 2001, Ning Li received a grant from the U.S.

Speaker 19 Department of Defense for over $400,000 to continue anti-Gravitic research.

Speaker 29 Then, Ning Li disappeared.

Speaker 43 Now, some people think she returned to China to work for them, but others say she was caught up with her work at the DoD.

Speaker 50 Some family members recall that she seemed extremely stressed during that time.

Speaker 54 She used to love her research, but she did not like working for the DoD.

Speaker 125 But in 2014, 13 years later, Ning Li reappeared out of nowhere.

Speaker 87 I didn't see that coming.

Speaker 50 And then she was hit by a car.

Speaker 87 That I saw it coming.

Speaker 133 She suffered permanent brain damage.

Speaker 151 Ning Li's whereabouts during those missing years is still a mystery.

Speaker 76 But my guess is the Department of Defense knows exactly where she was.

Speaker 94 But they'll never tell, and nobody's going to ask.

Speaker 103 Free, clean, unlimited energy, anti-gravity, science fiction technology that some people claim is real.

Speaker 35 But is it?

Speaker 85 Well, search Google and Wikipedia and they'll list most of these inventors as charlatans, liars, and frauds.

Speaker 87 Of course, that's what they say. They're in the pocket of the shadow government.

Speaker 120 I can't argue with that.

Speaker 218 So let's go through a few.

Speaker 192 Stam Meyer, the man who invented the water-powered car, receives a lot of scrutiny, probably because his story is so well known.

Speaker 116 Now, despite his claim claim of being poisoned, doctors said his cause of death was a brain aneurysm.

Speaker 77 Now some poisons can cause an aneurysm, but his toxicology report showed no poison.

Speaker 109 Fake report.

Speaker 307 Well, his family thought so.

Speaker 147 Moray, Gray, Sparky, Ogle, and Johnson, they all had patented inventions that garnered the attention of powerful people, and they were all victims of violence.

Speaker 82 Some of them were no-name backyard inventors who happened to be good at electronics, but many were engineers or physicists with impressive credentials, and there's a lot of evidence to support their stories.

Speaker 12 Honestly, I cover just the most well-known inventors.

Speaker 85 There are many, many more.

Speaker 158 And most of them also died under mysterious circumstances.

Speaker 64 And in almost every case, their technology was seized and classified.

Speaker 43 Now, despite the evidence of these inventions working and the reality of quantum physics, there's a tremendous amount of pushback about zero-point or alternate energy.

Speaker 1 Why?

Speaker 50 Mainstream academia, elected officials, and even the media say free energy is impossible.

Speaker 37 Any scientist who claims otherwise is attacked, sometimes professionally, but sometimes they're attacked physically.

Speaker 1 Why? Money and power.

Speaker 54 I was asking rhetorically, but yes, money and power.

Speaker 1 When Dr. Tom Fallone was working at the U.S.

Speaker 117 Patent Office, he came across inventions that could solve our energy and pollution problems.

Speaker 98 Inventions that could literally change the world and accelerate the progress of humanity.

Speaker 88 He became frustrated when he saw invention after invention slapped with a secrecy order.

Speaker 312 Patent sequestering, which is actually called secretizing, public needs to know at least that every major military agency has a representative at the patent office.

Speaker 98 And when Vallone blew the whistle, they fired him.

Speaker 87 Just fired? I'm surprised this guy didn't get whacked.

Speaker 99 Oh, yeah, he better be watching his back.

Speaker 313 Patent office, in its current approach, it's actually breaking the law, it's trying to make happy the physicists who are with American Physical Society to keep them in power with their ideas, you might say, and withhold from public use good inventions that could solve our problems like the energy crisis.

Speaker 76 For over 100 years, these technologies have been suppressed, keeping society in a state of complacency, poverty, and pollution.

Speaker 97 The Federation of American Scientists spoke about suppression in 2010, calculating that in that year alone, 5,135 inventions were given a secrecy order.

Speaker 168 Most of these patents had to do with clean energy, anti-gravity, and alternative methods of propulsion.

Speaker 259 Over 5,000 in one year.

Speaker 90 So how many in 10 years?

Speaker 188 How many in 100?

Speaker 258 What technology is being hidden from us?

Speaker 95 The latest buzz phrase is green energy or the green movement.

Speaker 85 That sounds nice.

Speaker 1 We all want a clean environment.

Speaker 92 But green energy as currently defined is a fad.

Speaker 113 No, that's not the right word.

Speaker 170 Green energy is a scam.

Speaker 117 Why suppress thousands, maybe tens of thousands, of inventions that could clean our planet and provide free energy for everyone on Earth?

Speaker 2 Yep.

Speaker 276 There are literally hundreds of trillions of dollars at stake.

Speaker 88 So, next time you're arguing with a friend or family member about climate change, remember the energy industry and the United States government want you to hate each other.

Speaker 65 Don't play into their hands.

Speaker 56 A declassified document made in the 1970s lists categories of inventions that are considered secret.

Speaker 281 One of those categories is for energy systems that are more than 70 to 80% efficient and solar panels that are more than 20% efficient.

Speaker 192 If you patent an efficient energy or propulsion device, it gets slapped with a secrecy order.

Speaker 209 Do you want proof?

Speaker 61 In 1971, over 50 years ago, someone patented a solar panel that was 20% efficient.

Speaker 92 It was made secret.

Speaker 57 You could have had solar panels on your house for years, but you never knew they existed.

Speaker 185 Today, solar panels are only slightly better than 20% efficient.

Speaker 105 Imagine how much they could have improved if the technology had not been hidden for 40 years.

Speaker 98 So what about green energy?

Speaker 254 It's a scam.

Speaker 157 Green energy is not designed to do anything but line the pockets of politicians and the CEOs of the green energy companies that get billions of dollars of your money in the form of subsidies to research things like solar panels and wind farms.

Speaker 99 And by the way, solar panels only last about 15 to 20 years.

Speaker 112 Then they go into a landfill to decay and that material is toxic.

Speaker 250 Solar panels also produce tons of toxic waste. But even if we reduce this waste during manufacturing, Solar panels eventually stop working, especially if they're poorly made in China.

Speaker 250 And when their lifespan is over, they leave behind toxic trash.

Speaker 157 Then it seeps into our water supply.

Speaker 254 Scam.

Speaker 209 Wind farms barely produce any power, but they destroy the landscape, kill wildlife, and again, require an enormous amount of fossil fuels to build.

Speaker 254 Scam.

Speaker 75 Nuclear energy sounds great, no pollution.

Speaker 108 But when the nuclear material is discarded, it stays radioactive and deadly for thousands of years.

Speaker 207 Scam.

Speaker 158 Do you think your electric car is protecting the environment?

Speaker 113 It's actually making it worse.

Speaker 258 Over 80% of electricity comes from coal, oil, and natural gas.

Speaker 242 So yeah, your Tesla runs on coal.

Speaker 170 Scam.

Speaker 218 The amount of fossil fuels used to extract the raw materials to build electric cars causes a lot of pollution.

Speaker 169 And the lithium batteries that power them?

Speaker 82 Lithium mines are awful for the environment.

Speaker 76 Not to mention most of the extraction of these materials is done with slave slave labor and terrible working conditions.

Speaker 254 Scam.

Speaker 108 Now, don't get defensive.

Speaker 119 This isn't your fault.

Speaker 187 The technology to fix this is there and has been for 100 years.

Speaker 70 So do all these patents just sit on a shelf gathering dust, never to see the light of day?

Speaker 170 Oh no.

Speaker 85 A scientist named Salvatore Paes has multiple patents strikingly similar to allegedly impossible inventions.

Speaker 290 He's patented devices that use electromagnetic fields, vibrations, and quantum field fluctuations to manipulate gravity, mass, and energy.

Speaker 35 He has a patent that allows for faster than light speed travel.

Speaker 96 He has a patent that can change the course of asteroids through a magnetic field.

Speaker 105 And my favorite Salvatore Paez invention?

Speaker 239 He has a patent for a tiny solid-state device about the size of a deck of cards that can generate generate unlimited clean energy from the vacuum.

Speaker 117 So how come his inventions aren't suppressed?

Speaker 115 Well because the patents are owned by or have been assigned to the United States Navy.

Speaker 105 Now I'm sure that most clean energy anti-gravity inventors are frauds, but not all of them.

Speaker 35 I believe the technology does exist and I believe it's being used right now by government contractors.

Speaker 116 However, these contractors don't work for the U.S.

Speaker 81 government.

Speaker 259 They work for the shadow government.

Speaker 316 A shadowy government with its own air force,

Speaker 316 its own navy,

Speaker 316 its own fundraising mechanism, and the ability to pursue its own ideas of the national interest,

Speaker 316 free from all checks and balances, and free from the law itself.

Speaker 95 We have the technology to eliminate famine and heal the ecosystem, but that would derail the shadow government's agenda.

Speaker 302 There is the government, constitutional government of the United States. And then there's this other secret government operation, which has more money, more power, more technology.

Speaker 302 It is a criminal enterprise. It is not sanctioned by the president.
It is not sanctioned by Congress.

Speaker 302 And yet, they're using our tax dollars and are raping the planet and destroying the Earth and impoverishing half the planet.

Speaker 85 We could live in a world of abundance.

Speaker 88 No more wars for energy.

Speaker 86 But the shadow government becomes powerless in a world of abundance. They derive their power from scarcity because they control the resources.

Speaker 98 Resources that could be made completely free if we only had access to suppressed technology.

Speaker 192 So what's the solution?

Speaker 85 Elect new leaders?

Speaker 183 No.

Speaker 92 Our leaders are controlled by or in fear of the shadow government.

Speaker 101 They only care about being re-elected and getting rich.

Speaker 1 All of them.

Speaker 188 And don't go to the media.

Speaker 92 They're in the pocket of the shadow government, whether they know it or not.

Speaker 95 So do we repeal the Invention Secrecy Act?

Speaker 120 Well, that will never happen.

Speaker 261 Nobody will risk their career voting for it.

Speaker 99 They'll say some inventions need to be hidden for national security.

Speaker 230 And whenever you hear that phrase, national security, remember it's not your security they're protecting, it's theirs.

Speaker 24 The solution is simple, but it's not one inventors want to hear.

Speaker 99 If you create a free energy device that you can prove works, do not patent it.

Speaker 103 Publish your invention anonymously on the internet and make it freely available to everyone.

Speaker 105 Don't be foolish and think you can use the patent system to become rich.

Speaker 258 They will not allow it and most likely they'll kill you.

Speaker 98 Instead, share your technology first.

Speaker 211 You can change the world.

Speaker 235 I promise the money will be there.

Speaker 19 So to all you weekend tinkerers and free energy hobbyists, keep tinkering and keep inventing.

Speaker 99 But most of all, keep quiet.

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Speaker 4 Now, I thought Killer Patents volume one was controversial, but volume 2, which we're about to play, made a lot of people crazy. So in this coming episode, we cover forbidden technology.

Speaker 142 So that's...

Speaker 6 that's not what made people upset. It was what I reported about, meaning what I exposed, about the American Medical Association.
So if you don't know this episode, let me just say this.

Speaker 25 The AMA is not what you think it is.

Speaker 170 The history of medicine goes back to the dawn of mankind, when ancient healers used special herbs to treat illnesses.

Speaker 32 Hippocrates, the father of medicine, laid the foundation for modern medical practice, observation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Speaker 77 His work set the stage for centuries of medical progress.

Speaker 75 In the 19th century, Edward Jenner created a smallpox vaccine, and Louis Pasteur proved microorganisms cause disease.

Speaker 239 The 20th century brought antibiotics, medical imaging, and organ transplants.

Speaker 249 In the past 400 years, the human lifespan has doubled.

Speaker 105 But something happened to medicine along the way.

Speaker 170 It became an industry, a profitable one.

Speaker 16 President Eisenhower warned against creating a military-industrial complex because if you make war profitable, you'll always have war.

Speaker 19 And he was right.

Speaker 318 The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.

Speaker 31 So, here's a cynical question: If you make illness profitable, will you always have illness?

Speaker 51 Well, in recent years, trillions have been spent on cancer research and therapies.

Speaker 50 Now, that's a lot of people getting rich from a disease that's already been cured.

Speaker 138 Royal Raymond Reif was born in Nebraska in 1888.

Speaker 81 He was a good student and wanted to be a doctor.

Speaker 17 Only 16 years old, he was admitted to Johns Hopkins University, one of the best medical institutions in the world.

Speaker 129 Reif became fascinated by bacteriology and the microscopic world, which led him to optics.

Speaker 159 To study bacteria effectively, he needed to see them clearly.

Speaker 148 He took a job at Zeiss Works in New York and trained under senior optics engineers.

Speaker 163 If you know anything about microscopes, telescopes, or cameras or anything with lenses, you've heard of Zeiss.

Speaker 261 And Reif wasn't a bookworm researcher, he was hands-on.

Speaker 51 He built his own equipment, including one of the most powerful microscopes ever made, the Universal Microscope.

Speaker 127 In the 1920s, standard microscopes could only magnify objects up to 2,000 times.

Speaker 242 Reifs could reach 60,000 times magnification.

Speaker 50 He could see viruses and bacteria that nobody had ever seen before.

Speaker 61 Reif discovered what he called Bacillus X or the BX virus.

Speaker 30 He believed cancer wasn't a disease, it was a virus, the BX virus.

Speaker 123 He wanted to destroy these microorganisms without harming surrounding tissue.

Speaker 189 Then he made another amazing discovery.

Speaker 165 He found that exposing microorganisms to specific frequencies caused them to explode.

Speaker 15 They immediately paralyzed and it starts disintegrating from within.

Speaker 107 All objects have a resonant frequency.

Speaker 19 When exposed to an external force matching this frequency, an object absorbs energy and vibrates more intensely.

Speaker 119 Parts of the human body have their own frequencies.

Speaker 74 This is useful in an MRI, which uses frequencies to produce diagnostic images.

Speaker 119 But it can also be dangerous.

Speaker 64 If you resonate an object for too long or with too much energy, it could be damaged or destroyed.

Speaker 259 This is why singers can break a glass by singing the right note.

Speaker 183 That's how you do it.

Speaker 50 So Rife built the Reif Frequency Generator or Reif machine, which emitted specific frequencies to target and destroy specific microorganisms.

Speaker 54 He called the frequency the mortal oscillatory rate.

Speaker 119 He found the frequencies to destroy tuberculosis, typhoid, pneumonia, anthrax, and more, all without harming healthy tissue.

Speaker 131 Now you can see the disintegration of the bacteria playing into pieces.

Speaker 131 This is killing bacteria without harm to the image cell,

Speaker 160 without drugs.

Speaker 17 He injected lab rats with cancer cells, creating golf ball-sized tumors, then used his machine to match the cancer's mortal oscillatory rate.

Speaker 199 It worked.

Speaker 98 The lab rats were completely cancer-free.

Speaker 28 Reif's work attracted interest from other doctors.

Speaker 119 Dr.

Speaker 51 Milbank Johnson arranged a study on 16 cancer patients using Reif's machine.

Speaker 172 In three months, 14 of the 16 patients were completely cured.

Speaker 42 Dr.

Speaker 96 Royal Raymond Reif discovered the cure for cancer, and it ruined him.

Speaker 50 Royal Raymond Reif's discovery was a triumph.

Speaker 165 His clinical trial in 1934 was a huge success.

Speaker 215 16 cases were treated at the clinic for many types of malignancy.

Speaker 206 After three months, 14 of these so-called hopeless cases were signed off as clinically cured by the staff of five medical doctors and Dr.

Speaker 28 Alvin G.

Speaker 215 Ford, ND, pathologist for the group.

Speaker 165 At first, the medical establishment rejected Rife's ideas.

Speaker 119 The notion that simple radio waves could succeed where radiation and surgery had failed, well, that was nonsense.

Speaker 125 They figured Rife's funding would dry up and he'd disappear.

Speaker 133 But that didn't happen.

Speaker 119 To get financed in medical research, you need support from the pharmaceutical industry.

Speaker 307 But Reif didn't need big pharma.

Speaker 54 He was backed by a few private investors, including William Timken, who owned a ball-bearing company.

Speaker 127 I know it's Fletch.

Speaker 92 With no ties to the medical industry, Reif had the freedom to research whatever and however he wanted.

Speaker 119 Doctors around the country figured if this Rife guy wasn't going away, they might as well look at his work.

Speaker 163 Reife used his machine more than 400 times on animal tumors.

Speaker 132 It worked every time, forcing even the most hardened skeptics to take notice.

Speaker 159 And there was no bigger skeptic than Morris Fischbein.

Speaker 65 Fischbein, head of the American Medical Association, was known to be very aggressive.

Speaker 123 Some critics called him the medical Mussolini.

Speaker 49 At first, Fischbein offered to buy Reif out, but when Reife said no, Fischbein's attitude changed.

Speaker 149 Reife kept working, but progress became increasingly difficult.

Speaker 70 Mysterious people started showing up at his lab.

Speaker 113 Some offered bribes, and others made threats.

Speaker 35 Other doctors had success using Rife's technology, but were pressured by the AMA to stop or lose their licenses.

Speaker 302 Vigilant against quackery is Dr. Morris Fischbein.

Speaker 319 There is no serum, drug, or combination of drugs that we know that will definitely cure cancer.

Speaker 19 Any doctor caught using a Rife machine was harassed and worse.

Speaker 75 Fishbein then launched a campaign of character assassination against Reif.

Speaker 203 Articles appeared in medical journals and newspapers calling Reife a quack and a charlatan.

Speaker 199 Reife's lab was vandalized, his equipment destroyed, and his research disappeared.

Speaker 30 His life was unraveling.

Speaker 123 The final blow came in 1939.

Speaker 232 Fishbein offered one of Rif's investors legal assistance in an attempt to steal the company from Reife and other investors.

Speaker 50 Reif spent years fighting lawsuits.

Speaker 68 He went bankrupt, and the AMA stopped his work from proceeding.

Speaker 242 Royal Raymond Reif quietly retired.

Speaker 170 Broke and broken, he turned to alcohol.

Speaker 151 About 20 years later, renewed interest in Reif's technology led John Crane and John Marsh to convince him to build a new machine.

Speaker 35 Reif agreed, but the business didn't last long.

Speaker 121 In 1960, their labs were raided without a warrant.

Speaker 165 All equipment and records were seized.

Speaker 121 Reif stayed out of court, but his partners were charged with medical fraud.

Speaker 234 Even though 14 patients testified they were cured by the Reif machine, Crane and Marsh were sentenced to three years in prison.

Speaker 121 Oh, by the way, the forewoman of the jury was an AMA doctor.

Speaker 87 Oh, come on.

Speaker 56 Reif was again labeled a liar and a quack and reduced to poverty and despair.

Speaker 50 Many of Reif's associates faced tragedies.

Speaker 77 Dr.

Speaker 50 Billblake Johnson died in 1944, poisoned, and all his research disappeared.

Speaker 118 Burnett Labs in New Jersey, building Reif machines to treat cancer, mysteriously burned to the ground in 1939.

Speaker 124 All equipment and research were destroyed.

Speaker 249 And the owner of the lab, Dr.

Speaker 174 John Burnett, was related to William Timkin.

Speaker 131 Yep.

Speaker 41 Dr.

Speaker 189 Elmer Nemes was a nuclear physicist, medical doctor, and microscope designer.

Speaker 54 He was trying to replicate Reif's work in 1969.

Speaker 169 He died while staying at a hotel when his bed suddenly caught fire.

Speaker 59 Two years later, in 1971, Reife had a heart attack.

Speaker 149 While in the hospital, he died after he was accidentally given a lethal dose of valium.

Speaker 87 Accidentally, my dorsal fin.

Speaker 30 But Reif's ideas didn't die with him.

Speaker 119 Other pioneers would seek out alternative ways of curing diseases.

Speaker 249 The medical mavericks were not going away.

Speaker 165 But neither were Morris Fishbein or the AMA.

Speaker 151 The medical establishment does not like alternative medicine.

Speaker 61 In the 19th century, there were two types of medical practitioners in the U.S.

Speaker 158 allopathic doctors and alternative healers.

Speaker 50 Allopathic doctors diagnosed and treat illnesses with pharmaceuticals, surgery, and other conventional methods.

Speaker 55 Alternative healers used natural remedies.

Speaker 127 Since anybody could claim to be a healer, many did.

Speaker 54 Natural healers were cheaper and plentiful.

Speaker 232 Mainstream doctors weren't making any money.

Speaker 149 So in 1847, they formed a trade union called the American Medical Association, the AMA.

Speaker 2 Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.

Speaker 87 The AMA started out as a union.

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 87 Isn't a union's job to protect the interests of its members?

Speaker 31 It is.

Speaker 55 So in 1901, the Journal of the American Medical Association released a statement.

Speaker 321 The growth of the profession must be stemmed if individual members are to find the practice of medicine a lucrative profession.

Speaker 87 So the AMA was created so doctors can make more money?

Speaker 2 That's right.

Speaker 87 Isn't this corrupt?

Speaker 19 I'm not judging, I'm just telling you what happened. The AMA brought in the Carnegie Foundation to survey medical schools.

Speaker 193 In 1910, they released a report calling for standardizing medical training and eliminating non-scientific practices.

Speaker 87 And then who determines what's scientific?

Speaker 31 The AMA does.

Speaker 87 Yeah, of course.

Speaker 74 Schools teaching alternative medicine were forced to drop these courses or lose funding and their ability to grant an MD.

Speaker 148 This led to a significant reduction in medical schools.

Speaker 323 They offered tremendous amounts of money to the schools that would agree to cooperate with them.

Speaker 320 Almost overnight, all of the major universities received large grants from these sources and also accepted One, two, or three of these people that I mentioned on their board of directors, and the schools literally were taken over by the financial interests that put up the money.

Speaker 61 In 1904, there were 160 schools granting MDs to more than 28,000 students.

Speaker 52 By 1920, only 85 medical schools were left.

Speaker 189 By 1935, the number had dropped to just 66.

Speaker 325 New awareness of past injustices in many parts of our society. That's true in the fields of science and medicine, which are starting to look more carefully at their own history.

Speaker 83 Most medical schools for blacks and all medical schools for women were now closed.

Speaker 237 So if you were black or a woman, becoming an MD and getting into the AMA was difficult.

Speaker 326 The American Medical Association is one of the country's oldest, largest, and best-known associations of doctors.

Speaker 326 Its voice has long been influential, but now the AMA is finally beginning to come to terms with racism in its own past.

Speaker 319 The doctor is the only one entitled by training, by experience, and by law to take care of of the sick.

Speaker 51 The AMA established allopathic medicine as the only acceptable type of medicine to practice.

Speaker 41 Alternative medicine was marginalized and in some cases made illegal.

Speaker 87 Even if the natural medicine worked,

Speaker 1 this is bad.

Speaker 109 It gets worse.

Speaker 87 It always does.

Speaker 320 The doctors from that point forward in history would be taught pharmaceutical drugs.

Speaker 323 All of the great teaching institutions in America were captured by the pharmaceutical interests in this fashion and it's amazing how little money it really took to do it.

Speaker 37 Every time a new type of alternative medicine was introduced, the AMA would attack.

Speaker 163 George Doc Simmons was head of the AMA from 1900 to 1924 and Morris Fishbein from 1924 to 1949.

Speaker 17 They labeled alternative practitioners as quacks and used the Journal of the American Medical Association to ruin the reputations of anyone they deemed a threat to mainstream medicine.

Speaker 173 The FDA was formed in 1906, but it wasn't until 1962 that drug companies had to prove their products worked and were safe.

Speaker 50 Before then, pharmaceutical companies needed the AMA seal of approval.

Speaker 87 Yeah, I should have seen that coming.

Speaker 60 If you were a drug company and wanted to get into the journal of the AMA, you had to pay.

Speaker 30 That was it.

Speaker 92 The AMA didn't test drugs for safety or efficacy. They had no labs or researchers.

Speaker 94 The AMA just collected money.

Speaker 124 Oh, the AMA leaders would buy stock in that drug company before endorsing the drug, you know, so they can cash in when the stock price went up.

Speaker 87 Oh, insider trading, uh, like they do in Congress. Yeah, kind of like that.
Nice work if you can get it, huh?

Speaker 295 Sure is.

Speaker 216 Dr. Max Gerson made a terrible mistake when he made the claim that smoking could cause cancer.

Speaker 328 He didn't realize that, at the time, the single largest contributor to the AMA was Philip Morris.

Speaker 216 Morris Fishbein quickly launched a campaign to imply that smoking was not only safe, but was recommended by doctors.

Speaker 287 Yes, according to this survey, more doctors smoke camels than any other cigarette. Pack after pack, week after week.
See for yourself why camels are so popular with the doctors of America.

Speaker 189 Simmons retired in 1924 as a wealthy man, and then Fischbein took over.

Speaker 127 By the way, Simmons was never a doctor.

Speaker 199 He got his diploma from Rush Medical College by mail.

Speaker 47 At least Fischbein went to medical school, though he wasn't a good student.

Speaker 19 He never finished his internship.

Speaker 57 He never received a diploma and never practiced practiced medicine, never saw a patient, not ever.

Speaker 70 In 1938, along with the AMA, Fischbein was indicted for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Speaker 170 The AMA was convicted and fined, but Fischbein was acquitted.

Speaker 290 Still, he was lining his pockets.

Speaker 98 Under Fischbein's leadership, the public grew more critical of the AMA.

Speaker 113 It seemed like the AMA was interested in making people money, not making people healthy.

Speaker 148 Fischbein was finally thrown out of the AMA in 1949.

Speaker 87 And that was the end of the corruption with the AMA and Big Pharma?

Speaker 51 Oh, I'm sure everything's on a level now.

Speaker 61 In 1924, Harry Hoxsey developed an unconventional cancer treatment.

Speaker 127 A self-taught healer from Illinois, he claimed his herbal remedy came from his great-grandfather.

Speaker 19 By the 1950s, the Hoxie Clinic in Dallas was the world's largest private cancer center with branches in 17 states.

Speaker 220 And we now have in our files and our records many, many thousands of case histories and records, pathological proof, x-ray photographic studies that we do positively cure cancer, both internal and external.

Speaker 54 Hoxie reported very high success rates, which caught the eye of Morris Fishbein.

Speaker 139 Hoxie gave Fishbein and other AMA members a demonstration of his product and method.

Speaker 233 The next day, Fischbein offered to buy Hoxie's formula.

Speaker 19 Hoxie was open to the idea, but insisted on providing treatment to those who couldn't afford it, as he did in his clinics.

Speaker 179 Fishbein was offended.

Speaker 51 He demanded full control of the business and profits for nine years.

Speaker 61 After that, Hoxie would get 10% of the profits if the AMA was satisfied the cure worked.

Speaker 56 Yeah, Hoxie refused.

Speaker 31 And like Royal Raymond Reif, Hoxie faced Fishbein's wrath.

Speaker 174 From 1926 to 1931, Hoxie was arrested 119 times for practicing medicine without a license.

Speaker 76 Between 1937 and 1939, he was arrested over 100 times in Texas.

Speaker 163 Fishbein labeled Hoxie the worst cancer quack of the century and pressured the FDA to shut down his clinic.

Speaker 51 Patients were harassed, records seized and clinics closed.

Speaker 250 Hoxie fought back.

Speaker 104 He sued Fishbein and the AMA for libel and slander and won.

Speaker 170 Fishbein was forced to resign and admitted in court that Hoxie's treatment cured external cancer.

Speaker 57 Hoxey converted skeptics, including Al Templeton, the assistant district attorney of Dallas, who had arrested Hoxsey almost 100 times.

Speaker 50 When Templeton's brother's cancer was cured by Hoxie, Templeton became Hoxie's lawyer.

Speaker 64 In 1939, Esquire journalist James Burke came to Texas to expose the fraud.

Speaker 284 Why don't you go down to Texas and let's expose this fellow.

Speaker 131 He's getting too big.

Speaker 284 And the American Medical Association liked to put him out of business and said, you go down and get acquainted with him and says, we'll do a couple of pieces on him and put an end to this.

Speaker 119 He stayed six weeks and wrote The Quack Who Cures Cancer Cancer and became Hoxie's publicist.

Speaker 55 Now, even though Fishbein resigned, he was still powerful.

Speaker 163 In 1960, after 36 years of operation, Hoxie's clinics were closed.

Speaker 109 Even with the support of U.S.

Speaker 233 Senator Elmer Thomas, Hoxie's herbal treatment was never officially tested because one senator is not enough.

Speaker 15 It seems that the medical fraternity is highly organized and that they have decided to crush you and your institution.

Speaker 322 It seems that the public officials are afraid that if they make any move or say anything antagonistic to the wishes of the medical organization, they will be pouted upon and destroyed.

Speaker 15 In other words, the public officials seem to be afraid of their jobs and even of their lives.

Speaker 140 In the next election, the AMA lobbied heavily against Senator Thomas.

Speaker 166 Even though Thomas was very popular, he was defeated in the primary by Mike Monroney.

Speaker 27 The vote was a huge upset and a surprise to everyone, but it wasn't a surprise to the AMA.

Speaker 303 Anything that comes from nature cannot be patented. They're not interested in that.

Speaker 303 That, and of course, the FDA says it's illegal to use unless it's been tested for efficacy and safety. Now you see the catch-22 you're in there.

Speaker 303 Nothing from nature, regardless of how effective it might be, will ever be proven safe or effective according to the FDA. It'll never be.

Speaker 303 So therefore, everything from nature will always be condemned by the FDA as unproven.

Speaker 54 This was a difficult episode to write.

Speaker 132 Cancer affects almost everybody.

Speaker 124 Cancer's hit my family hard over the years.

Speaker 55 It took my dad two years ago.

Speaker 234 And if it's affecting you right now, either directly or indirectly, I'm sorry.

Speaker 241 I really am.

Speaker 148 I know the pain you're going through.

Speaker 134 So here are the facts about today's story.

Speaker 27 I'm going to work backward.

Speaker 62 Harry Hoxie's formula is still around, but don't try it.

Speaker 163 Actually, don't do anything without talking to your doctor.

Speaker 165 Hoxie's formula has been tested and there's no proof it cures anything.

Speaker 189 In fact, it could even be dangerous.

Speaker 42 Need more proof?

Speaker 240 Guess how Harry Hoxie died.

Speaker 87 Don't tell me it was cancer.

Speaker 66 Cancer.

Speaker 27 Prostate cancer.

Speaker 123 He used his formula on himself and it didn't work.

Speaker 124 He secretly had surgery and died seven years later. Seven hard years.

Speaker 50 So don't mess with his formula.

Speaker 163 Listen to your doctor.

Speaker 48 Morris Fishbein and all that nasty stuff about the AMA?

Speaker 34 Well, that's pretty much all true.

Speaker 126 Fishbein was sleazy.

Speaker 52 Whether he admitted that Hoxie's formula worked, I couldn't find any proof.

Speaker 17 I think it's just part of the legend.

Speaker 127 But in Fishbein's defense, he did expose a few frauds.

Speaker 17 The AMA really did start as an organization to crush healers using natural remedies so doctors could make more money.

Speaker 61 But the real history of Fishbein and the AMA is hard to find.

Speaker 163 There's not a lot of that on the internet.

Speaker 219 You have to dig.

Speaker 170 Now Royal Raymond Reif, he wasn't a doctor.

Speaker 73 That was an honorary degree.

Speaker 174 He probably wasn't killed in the hospital with Valium.

Speaker 71 He was most likely taking it himself.

Speaker 137 Was he a genius?

Speaker 59 Yes.

Speaker 242 Did he find the cure for cancer?

Speaker 249 I don't know.

Speaker 50 There's no evidence that his machine worked.

Speaker 61 But some people have tried to build it and got hurt or killed.

Speaker 204 So again, don't try it.

Speaker 61 And if you see one for sale, it's a fraud.

Speaker 186 Don't buy it.

Speaker 61 But you really can destroy things if you expose them to the right frequency.

Speaker 186 So what about cancer cells?

Speaker 34 Well, I stumbled across this TED Talk by Anthony Holland from about 10 years ago.

Speaker 123 He's a music professor, but he was working with a lab using sound to attack cancer cells.

Speaker 287 We now know that cancer is vulnerable between the frequencies of 100,000 hertz and 300,000 hertz. So now we attack leukemia cells.

Speaker 287 Leukemia cell number one tries to grow a copy of itself, but the new cell is shattered into dozens of fragments and scattered across the slide.

Speaker 136 And then seven years ago, a TED Talk by Christine Gibbons.

Speaker 325 Now by arranging an array of these elements in a concave formation, the transducer then becomes capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves that then increase sharply in strength at the focus.

Speaker 325 By pulsing those waves, we create the histotripsy effect to destroy tissue at the cellular level.

Speaker 57 Sounds promising, but does it work?

Speaker 259 We don't know.

Speaker 204 A bigger, darker question.

Speaker 149 Is big pharma suppressing cures because more sick people means more profit?

Speaker 197 Honestly, I don't think so.

Speaker 26 Really, I don't.

Speaker 55 I think the companies, generally speaking, are evil, but that's mostly a judgment of the people who run them.

Speaker 56 They're greedy, but that's their job.

Speaker 186 They're supposed to make money for the people who own the pharmaceutical companies.

Speaker 131 Now, who owns them?

Speaker 36 Well, mostly bankers and hedge funds.

Speaker 105 But if you have a 401k, a pension, or some kind of managed investment account, you probably own a little of them too.

Speaker 199 Now, the doctors, scientists, and researchers at these pharmaceutical companies aren't evil.

Speaker 61 They're the opposite of evil.

Speaker 73 Those men and women in lab coats going to a lab every day, thank God for them.

Speaker 159 And if you're one of those people, thank you, truly.

Speaker 165 If you work in healthcare in any capacity, if you're an EMT or you're a nurse working night shifts or caring for the elderly or working hospice, thank you.

Speaker 30 Be angry at the corporations, be angry at the greed in the boardroom, but don't be angry at someone who spent half their life in school to sit in front of a microscope for 60 hours a week those are good people down in the labs if there was a cure for cancer or any disease it couldn't be kept secret why

Speaker 174 because those are good people down in the labs besides if there is a secret cure for cancer who's using it billionaire elites steve jobs was a billionaire elite He was diagnosed with cancer at age 49.

Speaker 234 He had the resources for any treatment he wanted, conventional or otherwise.

Speaker 170 In fact, Steve Jobs spent the first nine months after his diagnosis trying nothing but alternative treatments against his doctor's wishes.

Speaker 124 Steve Jobs had unlimited resources and he still lost.

Speaker 76 Look, I understand why people are drawn to the theories about secret cures and alternative medicine.

Speaker 127 When you or a loved one is suffering and traditional medicine isn't working, you'll try anything.

Speaker 233 That's why we call it fighting or surviving cancer.

Speaker 149 It's about reclaiming control over your health, exploring every possibility, and refusing to give up.

Speaker 61 Now, true or not, these are stories of resilience and the belief that answers might exist outside mainstream thinking.

Speaker 19 A miracle cure didn't arrive in time to save my dad, but it might arrive in time to save yours.

Speaker 179 And if it does, I don't want any agency or bureaucracy getting in the way.

Speaker 111 That's why it was so hard on the AMA today, because they have a history of shutting down ideas that aren't mainstream.

Speaker 199 We can't let that happen again.

Speaker 54 One day, another maverick will come along with a cure that defies mainstream medicine, and so-called experts will try to silence them because they can't understand anything outside mainstream thinking.

Speaker 170 So, here's a message to those experts: if you're not going to help, get out of the way.

Speaker 5 But things are stretched me out like this, and reach back to Pilate Life's memory a lot.

Speaker 79 Drew and Sue in Eminem's Minis.

Speaker 332 And baking the surprise birthday cake for Lou.

Speaker 79 And Sue forgetting that her oven doesn't really work.

Speaker 79 And Drew remembering that they don't have flour.

Speaker 3 And Lou getting home early from work, which he never does.

Speaker 332 And Drew and Sue using the rest of the tubes of Eminem's minis as party poppers instead.

Speaker 263 I think this is one of those moments where people say, it's the thought that counts.

Speaker 79 Eminem's, it's more fun together.

Speaker 6 The next episode is a story that I always liked, but I wasn't sure how it would perform on the channel.

Speaker 4 This one is about Operation Gladio.

Speaker 13 They trained a secret army, a civilian army in Italy to bomb civilians and then blame it on the communists.

Speaker 13 The communists at that time were the most popular party in Italy, you know, post-war, because they had just went through fascism, right, with Mussolini.

Speaker 130 So, you just,

Speaker 235 it always swings too far the other way.

Speaker 7 So, we swing way the other way.

Speaker 13 Communism, very popular, can't have that.

Speaker 202 So,

Speaker 13 civilians were killed in bombings by the CIA-trained guerrilla army, and

Speaker 13 they were trained by a Nazi general who was tight with Alan Dulles.

Speaker 13 And this was planned during the war.

Speaker 13 You know, while American GIs were being killed fighting the Nazis, they were already planning this next phase.

Speaker 46 In 1948, the streets of every major city in America saw a huge and sudden rise in the heroin supply.

Speaker 51 Harry Enslinger was the commissioner of federal narcotics and he wanted answers.

Speaker 240 A confidential informant drops a bombshell.

Speaker 254 The man bringing in the heroin is the head of the mafia's national crime syndicate, Lucky Luciano.

Speaker 74 That was a surprise.

Speaker 164 The mob didn't deal drugs, but maybe things changed.

Speaker 275 Anslinger sent agents to Sicily where they caught Luciano preparing a half-ton shipment of heroin heading to New York City by way of Havana.

Speaker 280 Now the U.S.

Speaker 189 government didn't have jurisdiction in Sicily, so they brought in the local police.

Speaker 51 They refused to make an arrest.

Speaker 165 Anslinger called the State Department for help.

Speaker 185 After a few transfers, his call is finally connected to the U.S.

Speaker 50 Embassy in Palermo.

Speaker 57 A young man picks up the phone and says, Sorry, Commissioner, have your agents stand down.

Speaker 39 Lucky's with us.

Speaker 50 Anslinger was confused.

Speaker 237 He asks, What do you mean, us?

Speaker 56 The response was the last thing Harry Anslinger expected to hear.

Speaker 307 Lucky Luciano, one of the world's most notorious crime bosses, was working for the CIA.

Speaker 30 After World War II, Europe was divided.

Speaker 199 The Western Allies controlled West Germany, while the Soviets held the East.

Speaker 14 As former allies became enemies, the Cold War began.

Speaker 12 The Soviet Union suffered massive losses, liberating countries as it marched to Berlin.

Speaker 151 And those liberated countries, they weren't giving them back.

Speaker 193 Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, they became Soviet satellite states.

Speaker 309 And the Soviets wanted wanted more.

Speaker 199 How much more, nobody knew.

Speaker 31 Europe was in ruins.

Speaker 113 But the Russian army was still strong.

Speaker 251 If they pushed west, they would be hard to stop.

Speaker 81 The Allies needed a plan to contain the Soviets, so they turned to Alan Dulles of the CIA, America's new intelligence agency.

Speaker 134 During the war, the Office of Strategic Services, or the OSS, coordinated espionage and covert operations.

Speaker 100 Alan Dulles was the OSS station chief in Switzerland.

Speaker 25 He watched the Soviet Union closely and he didn't trust them.

Speaker 184 They may be temporary allies, but they were communists.

Speaker 167 Dulles believed in using every tool available to fight communism.

Speaker 12 A radical plan to stop Soviet expansion landed on his desk.

Speaker 28 It focused on training small groups of citizen soldiers in sabotage, supply raids, propaganda, and guerrilla warfare.

Speaker 62 These stay-behind soldiers would resist Soviet influence even if their governments fell.

Speaker 186 The White House loved the idea.

Speaker 68 The only question was, who would lead this secret army?

Speaker 150 Alan Dulles had the answer.

Speaker 32 Nazis. Oh, great.

Speaker 87 What could possibly go wrong?

Speaker 55 Operation Paperclip was a covert U.S.

Speaker 47 intelligence program that brought Nazi scientists, engineers, and technicians to America after World War II.

Speaker 140 Many of of these scientists had been implicated in war crimes and human rights abuses, but the U.S.

Speaker 27 looked the other way.

Speaker 170 Dr.

Speaker 133 Kurt Blom was one of the Nazis' leading experts in biowarfare.

Speaker 93 He conducted horrible experiments on concentration camp inmates.

Speaker 258 After the war, Blom was arrested and would have been hanged, but America intervened and he went to work for the CIA.

Speaker 87 Yeah, as a Nazi, he used chemicals on people against their will. What did he do for the CIA?

Speaker 103 Well, he worked for the MK Ultra program.

Speaker 87 Using chemicals on people against their will?

Speaker 183 Yep.

Speaker 87 Nah, at least he was consistent.

Speaker 68 Dr. Eric Traub was a top Nazi bioweapons designer.

Speaker 54 After the war, he worked for the U.S.

Speaker 123 Army and helped launch the Germ Warfare Lab on Plum Island in New York.

Speaker 189 And what happened there was bad.

Speaker 87 How is a Plum Island link down in a place here with all this stuff?

Speaker 259 Arthur Rudolph, Walter Dornberger, and Werner von Braun developed the V-2 rocket that killed thousands of people in London.

Speaker 30 V-2 rockets were built using forced labor from concentration camps.

Speaker 259 They later worked for NASA and built the rockets that went to the moon.

Speaker 87 Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, let me fix that for you. They later worked for NASA and built rockets that never went to the moon.

Speaker 87 Fake moon landing linked down here too, by the way.

Speaker 132 About 1,600 Nazi scientists were recruited by the United States.

Speaker 242 A lot of them are connected to war crimes and unethical experiments, but their backgrounds were sanitized to avoid public backlash.

Speaker 196 Yes, Nazis were evil, but to the Americans they were a necessary evil used to prevent Soviet expansion.

Speaker 129 General Reinhard Gellen was Hitler's intelligence chief for the Eastern Front.

Speaker 81 He had a reputation for abusing Soviet POWs to extract information. After the war, the Soviets wanted him charged with war crimes.

Speaker 28 Gellen offered the United States all of his Soviet intelligence files, and in exchange, he wanted protection and a role in future operations.

Speaker 81 The U.S. agreed.

Speaker 152 Under Operation Paperclip, Gellen became an American asset.

Speaker 249 All war crimes were forgiven.

Speaker 140 Gellen worked with the CIA to stop Soviet aggression.

Speaker 61 The CIA was a civilian organization.

Speaker 138 It wasn't armed or militarized.

Speaker 189 It only gathered intelligence.

Speaker 40 Gellen needed something with more teeth.

Speaker 61 He built a new organization focused on the Soviet Union.

Speaker 65 It was more than just for intelligence gathering.

Speaker 178 They would be a paramilitary organization trained in guerrilla warfare and sabotage.

Speaker 50 Gellen's first recruits were Hitler youth and former Nazi soldiers.

Speaker 26 He called them werewolves.

Speaker 141 They were ordinary citizens by day and communist killers by night.

Speaker 93 Alan Dulles loved it.

Speaker 50 Gellen's werewolves would be the secret army the CIA didn't have.

Speaker 60 Resources poured in from the US and the UK, and Gellen set up a network of secret supply caches all over Germany.

Speaker 77 The new German government didn't know these secret stay-behind armies existed until a former Nazi officer exposed the operation.

Speaker 76 The Americans were caught funding a secret Nazi army led by the brutal General Reinhard Gellen.

Speaker 111 This was horrifying news.

Speaker 235 The new German government ordered a full investigation, but that never happened.

Speaker 174 The CIA had the investigation closed and covered up.

Speaker 122 It didn't matter that the operation was illegal.

Speaker 152 The werewolves were necessary.

Speaker 24 The Soviet Union was strong and getting stronger.

Speaker 199 Then a new threat emerged.

Speaker 93 In 1947, communists were winning local elections all over Italy.

Speaker 73 National elections were coming up.

Speaker 19 Italy was becoming the first communist country in Western Europe.

Speaker 81 This was unacceptable.

Speaker 126 It would undermine America's position in Europe and increase Soviet influence.

Speaker 196 The CIA wanted Gellen's guerrilla warfare plan expanded and brought to Italy.

Speaker 187 They would recruit hundreds of paramilitary soldiers starting in Rome.

Speaker 55 This new army would be called Operation Gladio, named for the Gladius, the sword used by Roman soldiers.

Speaker 50 Recruits would be trained by U.S.

Speaker 102 and British special forces and given all the tools and tactics needed to fight communism in Italy.

Speaker 163 The CIA just needed one last thing to get Gladio running: a lot of cocaine.

Speaker 50 The CIA would use Operation Gladio to create fear and instability in Italy.

Speaker 174 They would spread propaganda, infiltrate political events, bribe police, politicians, and disrupt demonstrations.

Speaker 112 They had to convince citizens that the Italian Communist Party was a dangerous threat.

Speaker 50 A secret agreement was made with Italian military intelligence.

Speaker 75 If Gladio needed to escalate, they would commit acts of violence and pin the blame on Italian communists.

Speaker 37 The 1948 national election was approaching.

Speaker 186 Gladio had to act fast.

Speaker 129 This operation needed planning and a lot of money.

Speaker 160 Small problem.

Speaker 17 Congress controlled the money and wasn't aware of Operation Gladio.

Speaker 50 Asking for funding would reveal its existence, defeating its purpose.

Speaker 82 The money had to come from somewhere else, and it had to be kept secret.

Speaker 52 CIA officer Colonel Paul Helliwell had a solution.

Speaker 16 He worked with the Chinese National Army fighting Mao Zedong's communists.

Speaker 76 Chiang Hai-check funded the Chinese National Army by selling opium.

Speaker 208 Hellwell smuggled opium into China using civil air transport, an airline owned by Chinese nationalists.

Speaker 51 That airline was sold to the Airedale Corporation, a quiet little American company running out of a fake address in Delaware.

Speaker 87 Oh, so the CIA bought the planes?

Speaker 51 They did.

Speaker 170 The planes joined the CIA's secret fleet, the infamous Air America, that ran drugs to war zones for decades.

Speaker 81 Alan Dulles loved the idea of funding Gladio with untraceable drug money.

Speaker 60 But Gladio needed a lot of money.

Speaker 50 They'd have to flood American cities with drugs.

Speaker 244 Getting the product wasn't the problem.

Speaker 51 The CIA had all the cocaine and heroin it needed.

Speaker 7 The problem was distribution.

Speaker 12 They'd need a small army of drug dealers to cover the entire country.

Speaker 18 Luckily, a network was already in place.

Speaker 203 It was organized, had logistics, had security, and they already had plenty of customers.

Speaker 113 The CIA found its perfect partner in crime.

Speaker 141 They'd use the mafia.

Speaker 91 The relationship between the mafia and the CIA began a long time ago.

Speaker 118 During World War II, German submarines were threatening the American coastline.

Speaker 196 The military couldn't monitor every dock and waterfront, so it got help from the one organization that could, the mafia.

Speaker 61 U.S. intelligence cut a deal with mob boss Charles Lucky Luciano, who was in prison.

Speaker 56 In exchange for his cooperation, Lucky received a reduced sentence and other perks.

Speaker 163 What? He broke Omerta!

Speaker 26 He did.

Speaker 139 Omerta is the mafia code of silence.

Speaker 215 You don't talk to authorities.

Speaker 87 Informators if you're a punti.

Speaker 87 Snitches get stitches.

Speaker 236 I know what it means.

Speaker 87 Kickball in the sky. Ah, fatsiticula fanable.

Speaker 143 Oh, hey, guess it, Chiquefa.

Speaker 15 Why are you so upset?

Speaker 87 Well, I used to run with a crew in Jersey.

Speaker 2 I don't like a rat.

Speaker 73 You were an organized crime.

Speaker 87 Yeah, we prefer the term family business. Thank you very much.

Speaker 87 But yeah, I was with the Peschey family.

Speaker 87 That's a story for another time.

Speaker 87 Maybe your next sponsor air, perhaps.

Speaker 3 Good idea.

Speaker 61 So when the CIA needed to move heroin, they knew who to call.

Speaker 91 Lucky Luciano and his mafia syndicate.

Speaker 87 Definitely.

Speaker 48 At the time, the mafia avoided drugs.

Speaker 50 Well, they used heroin to keep prostitutes in line.

Speaker 166 But they didn't sell drugs.

Speaker 70 It was considered dishonorable.

Speaker 51 But when the CIA came calling, Lucky Luciano made an exception.

Speaker 130 The money was just too big.

Speaker 87 They made him an offer he couldn't refuse.

Speaker 3 Right.

Speaker 76 Besides, the mafia didn't want communists in power either.

Speaker 87 Communists are bad for family business.

Speaker 3 They are.

Speaker 93 Organized crime would become a target in a communist state.

Speaker 51 The mafia and the CIA liked things the way they were.

Speaker 61 So business fronts were set up in Sicily and Italy.

Speaker 129 Heroin was smuggled into the U.S., hidden in everyday items like sardine cans, wheels of cheese, and barrels of olive oil.

Speaker 47 Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamsters moved the drugs around the country.

Speaker 17 The operation instantly generated a ton of cash.

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 172 Heroin was good business.

Speaker 275 Operation Gladio now had its funding.

Speaker 67 But there's still a problem.

Speaker 30 Cash couldn't be paid directly to the CIA or the mafia.

Speaker 111 It had to be laundered through a legitimate financial institution.

Speaker 237 But walking into a bank with millions in cash sets off a red flag or two.

Speaker 76 They needed a bank that could handle cash without scrutiny from U.S.

Speaker 37 Treasury agents, Italian bank examiners, or the international monitors.

Speaker 148 Only one bank on the planet could do this.

Speaker 32 The Vatican.

Speaker 257 The Institute for Works of Religion, or Vatican Bank, was founded in 1942 to safeguard property for religious work or for charity.

Speaker 214 It only accepts deposits from top church officials.

Speaker 48 Five cardinals oversee transactions and report to the Pope.

Speaker 51 And that's all we know.

Speaker 199 It's the most secret bank in the world.

Speaker 30 Exactly what the CIA needed.

Speaker 87 Yeah, you know what else the CIA needed that bank for?

Speaker 55 I'd rather just keep going.

Speaker 1 Two words: alien bodies.

Speaker 132 The Vatican Bank is hiding alien bodies.

Speaker 87 Yep, they grab them, bag them, tag them, and store them in the basement archives.

Speaker 61 You know, there is something suspicious about the Vatican secret archives.

Speaker 87 Now you're starting to see.

Speaker 87 Come, swim with me, human. Swim with me and open thine eyes, that thou mayest behold the world in its true form.

Speaker 133 The Vatican Bank isn't subject to international law.

Speaker 159 It doesn't report to any agency or government, only to the Pope.

Speaker 85 It was perfect for laundering drug money.

Speaker 64 And of course, the church would get a cut.

Speaker 87 Yeah, in the family business, everybody what's their peak.

Speaker 189 The Vatican was familiar with black money from the United States.

Speaker 37 The church helped the OSS create rat lines to move the important Nazis out of Europe.

Speaker 12 Plus, the church was anti-communist.

Speaker 144 Communism threatened the power of the United States, threatened the power of the mafia, and threatened the power of the church.

Speaker 61 So, this unlikely partnership was formed, and the CIA started sending millions of dollars in cash to the Vatican.

Speaker 259 Operation Gladio launched in 1948, just in time for Italy's national election.

Speaker 257 The CIA, with help from the church, used psychological warfare to create fear of a communist takeover.

Speaker 12 Communism would bring violence, economic collapse, and the loss of religious freedoms.

Speaker 128 It worked.

Speaker 41 The Communist Party was defeated.

Speaker 30 The CIA was thrilled.

Speaker 226 They were able to change the outcome of a sovereign country's democratic election, and they didn't have to use the secret Gladio army.

Speaker 50 But what good is an army if you don't use it?

Speaker 134 So the CIA sent word to the Gladio soldiers: prepare for war.

Speaker 119 It would take a few years to organize, but Gladio was finally ready to enter its second phase: terrorism.

Speaker 71 Italian politics stabilized briefly, but the Cold War intensified, and Italy was on the front line.

Speaker 76 The Italian Communist Party, though defeated, remained a force.

Speaker 16 Violence was coming.

Speaker 16 On December 12, 1969, a bomb in Milan's National Agrarian Bank killed 17 and injured 88.

Speaker 9 Anarchists were blamed.

Speaker 106 In 1972, the Red Brigades, a communist group, rigged a car bomb in Petano.

Speaker 12 It killed three police officers.

Speaker 50 Italy had entered the years of lead.

Speaker 36 Far-left and far-right groups committed acts of violence.

Speaker 19 Bombings, assassinations, and kidnappings plagued the entire country.

Speaker 36 Something had to be done.

Speaker 24 Prime Minister Giulia Andriati proposed a new, more stable government, but it was up to Parliament to decide.

Speaker 95 So a vote was set for March 16th, 1978.

Speaker 247 Meanwhile, Aldo Morro, a five-term prime minister, supported the historic compromise.

Speaker 12 This plan would give the Italian Communist Party a larger role in the government.

Speaker 269 Now, Morro wasn't a communist, but the Communist Party had a lot of public support.

Speaker 145 He feared excluding the party would lead to more violence.

Speaker 57 So Moro would present his historic compromise plan to Parliament just before the vote.

Speaker 138 Well, it didn't matter.

Speaker 170 Morrow never made it to parliament.

Speaker 94 The Red Brigades kidnapped him that morning and murdered him weeks later.

Speaker 25 Morrow's death killed the historic compromise.

Speaker 50 Andriatti's new government proceeded without the Communist Party.

Speaker 87 I don't believe in coincidences.

Speaker 105 Well, neither did journalist Mino Piccarelli.

Speaker 108 He published an article with a really provocative theory about what really happened to Aolo Moro.

Speaker 18 Piccarelli had discovered Prime Minister Andreatti's connections to the Sicilian mafia, and he openly wondered if Andriotti ordered or was complicit in Amoro's death.

Speaker 151 Peccarelli thought Italian intelligence might have aided the Red Brigades.

Speaker 37 He implied Operation Gladio members and foreign intelligence agencies like the CIA could be involved.

Speaker 65 Now, Peccarelli didn't have hard evidence, but he believed there was a conspiracy between Andreati, the mafia, and CIA.

Speaker 138 He knew if he kept digging, he'd find proof.

Speaker 87 Ah, boy, this is the kind of thing that'll get you whacked uh what happened pecarelli was found dead in his car on march 20th 1979 shot four times and there it is

Speaker 16 through the 1970s and 80s the years of lead continued in italy more bombings and assassinations the bodies were piling up

Speaker 70 in 1984 judge felice casson a young ambitious magistrate, investigated these attacks and saw a disturbing pattern.

Speaker 30 Military explosives like C4 were often used.

Speaker 50 Communist groups were usually blamed, but few arrests were made.

Speaker 147 His breakthrough came when Vincenzo Vinchiguera confessed to the Petiato bombing.

Speaker 50 He said his group was armed and trained by Italian military intelligence.

Speaker 27 That's where they got the C4.

Speaker 148 Their orders were to cause disruption and violence and frame communists.

Speaker 30 This was state-sponsored terrorism.

Speaker 198 Then things got worse.

Speaker 165 Casson got a call from the local police.

Speaker 61 They had confiscated a briefcase from a local politician.

Speaker 136 It contained documents describing a plan to take over the Italian government.

Speaker 37 Casson couldn't believe it.

Speaker 54 The officer said, there is more.

Speaker 43 The suitcase had a false bottom with more hidden documents.

Speaker 254 Casson asked what they found.

Speaker 199 The officer sounded nervous and said, sir, we can't tell you over the phone.

Speaker 76 Casson went to the police station to read the documents and was speechless.

Speaker 254 The documents confirmed hundreds of innocent people were killed in bombings by groups working for Italian military intelligence.

Speaker 28 Casson followed the lead.

Speaker 76 He gained access to Italy's military intelligence archives.

Speaker 163 That's when he learned these attacks were connected to Operation Gladio, launched by the CIA.

Speaker 147 Casson now had evidence that a secret unit in military intelligence was conducting guerrilla operations against its own people.

Speaker 61 Even more shocking, it wasn't just Italy.

Speaker 70 Operation Gladio was conceived in Germany by former Nazis, expanded in Italy, and then spread across NATO.

Speaker 37 Casson uncovered attacks all over Europe. Germany, France, a few in Belgium.

Speaker 93 All were false flag operations where civilians were killed intentionally and communists were blamed.

Speaker 171 Casson then realized Gladio was far bigger than he thought.

Speaker 61 He felt his life was in danger.

Speaker 9 From July until October of 1990, I was the only one who knew about Operation Gladio who was not already part of the conspiracy.

Speaker 234 Prime Minister Andriatti initially denied knowing anything about Gladio, but in 1990, under political pressure, he confirmed Operation Gladio was real and had operations throughout Europe.

Speaker 100 Now, most countries denied involvement at first, but there was too much evidence.

Speaker 50 Finally, NATO said that these stay-behind armies were real, but only for defense.

Speaker 127 The U.S.

Speaker 123 and UK continued to maintain a no-comment policy on Gladio.

Speaker 93 The truth coming out put Prime Minister Andriati under tremendous scrutiny.

Speaker 50 Eventually, he was arrested and charged with being complicit in the murders of Peccarelli and Moro.

Speaker 54 After multiple trials and appeals, he was acquitted for lack of evidence and cleared of all charges.

Speaker 199 About 30 acts of violence were directly linked to Gladio, with 150 more suspected.

Speaker 61 Around 600 innocent people died from Gladio bombs, with twice as many injured.

Speaker 50 If all suspected attacks are proven to be gladio-related, the death toll is in the thousands.

Speaker 91 No one has answered for these crimes.

Speaker 50 Over the years, as more innocent bodies piled up, the CIA said it needed more money and power.

Speaker 51 Communism was taking root all over the world, so they got more money and power.

Speaker 136 The agency became militarized.

Speaker 195 It now had its own secret army that it could deploy anywhere there was a Soviet threat.

Speaker 170 Small problem.

Speaker 59 It was all a lie.

Speaker 41 From the 1950s through the 1980s, the USSR was an existential threat to America.

Speaker 19 The CIA was constantly warning us of Soviet strength, fueling massive military spending.

Speaker 74 But was the threat real?

Speaker 94 In the 1960s, Americans were terrified of the Soviets.

Speaker 63 Let us face, without panic, the reality of our times. The fact that atom bombs may someday be dropped on our cities.

Speaker 307 Sputnik launched.

Speaker 61 Yuri Gagarin went to space.

Speaker 33 Americans panicked.

Speaker 156 The Soviets seemed unstoppable.

Speaker 140 NASA had to be created.

Speaker 166 More military spending was needed.

Speaker 107 But was it?

Speaker 134 The CIA said yes.

Speaker 50 The Cuban missile crisis in 1962 almost started a nuclear war.

Speaker 319 It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union.

Speaker 127 Clearly, war with the Soviet Union was coming.

Speaker 166 More military spending was needed.

Speaker 44 But was it?

Speaker 43 The CIA said yes.

Speaker 94 I grew up in the 1980s when military budgets exploded.

Speaker 196 Generation Xers like me believed that war was going to break out at any second.

Speaker 50 We were in an arms race that we couldn't afford to lose.

Speaker 54 It was a race for survival.

Speaker 131 But was it?

Speaker 61 The CIA's job is to gather intelligence so the U.S.

Speaker 185 government can make informed decisions.

Speaker 179 Somehow, these decisions always led to more military funding and more power for intelligence agencies.

Speaker 94 But the CIA knows best, or does it?

Speaker 61 While the Soviets puffed out their chests in Cuba, their people back home were starving.

Speaker 151 From 1953 to 1964, they couldn't produce enough food to feed their population.

Speaker 174 The CIA didn't know?

Speaker 151 In the 60s, Americans were told more military spending was the only way to stop Soviet world domination.

Speaker 50 In reality, 1964 started 20 years of the Soviet era of stagnation, not domination.

Speaker 132 Their economy was falling apart.

Speaker 174 The CIA didn't know?

Speaker 61 Yes, in the 1960s, the Soviets poured resources into their space program and their military.

Speaker 148 But at the expense of everything else, the state-run system was failing.

Speaker 68 Productivity was low.

Speaker 61 Their technology was outdated.

Speaker 50 There's no incentives for innovation.

Speaker 151 Their scientists and engineers were fleeing.

Speaker 152 It was called a brain drain.

Speaker 174 The CIA didn't know?

Speaker 43 In 1985, Soviet President Gorbachev tried to revitalize the Soviet system.

Speaker 48 Part of his plan was glasnost, which means openness.

Speaker 60 He allowed Soviet citizens more freedom to express themselves.

Speaker 43 What the people expressed was, they were miserable.

Speaker 254 We finally learned the truth.

Speaker 50 Defending against Soviet aggression wasn't a strategy.

Speaker 81 It was a sales pitch.

Speaker 105 Throughout the entire Cold War, American military contractors got wealthy and intelligence agencies grew powerful protecting us from a country that was going bankrupt and whose citizens were sick and starving.

Speaker 193 When the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, the Soviet Union had already been in ruins for years.

Speaker 160 The whole world saw it.

Speaker 50 Somehow, the CIA didn't know.

Speaker 197 Gladio was funded right up until it was exposed in 1990.

Speaker 151 Gladio still had armies ready to repel the expansion of the Soviet Union.

Speaker 197 But by then, there was no Soviet Union.

Speaker 252 The Baltic states left.

Speaker 307 Ukraine, Belarus, the Central Asian republics, they were on their way out.

Speaker 174 The CIA didn't know?

Speaker 181 In 1991, the USSR was officially dissolved.

Speaker 50 How did the U.S. respond to its greatest enemy being defeated? It increased its military spending by 12%.

Speaker 1 Why?

Speaker 218 The Cold War was over.

Speaker 176 The Soviets lost.

Speaker 174 But I guess the CIA didn't know.

Speaker 134 Operation Gladio was real, but is still controversial and classified.

Speaker 50 The version I've told today isn't official because nobody knows the whole truth.

Speaker 87 The CIA does.

Speaker 139 Well, they do, but they won't tell us.

Speaker 138 The CIA can't confirm or deny its participation in any covert operations.

Speaker 100 Now, the CIA claims it was never involved in drug trafficking.

Speaker 165 They admit Air America existed for intelligence gathering and transporting supplies.

Speaker 87 Yeah, supplies are smack.

Speaker 42 Smack?

Speaker 87 Yeah, you know, scared, horse, brown sugar, china white.

Speaker 66 Heroin.

Speaker 79 What'd I say?

Speaker 134 The CIA said it never happened.

Speaker 37 In 1996, journalist Gary Webb linked the CIA to Nicaraguan Contras trafficking cocaine into the U.S.

Speaker 50 to fund rebels.

Speaker 87 That sounds familiar.

Speaker 2 Doesn't it?

Speaker 221 Did the CIA put drugs into black community?

Speaker 26 We don't have any evidence so far that they did it directly. What we have evidence of is that men working for a CIA-run army did do that.

Speaker 288 I will get to the bottom of it, and I will let you know the results of what I found.

Speaker 76 An official 1998 report investigated Webb's claims and finally put the issue to bed.

Speaker 321 The reports acknowledged that the CIA had worked with individuals known to be involved in drug trafficking, but did not find conclusive evidence that the CIA itself had facilitated or condoned these activities.

Speaker 87 Who conducted that investigation?

Speaker 134 The CIA did.

Speaker 87 Oh, they investigated themselves? Yep.

Speaker 264 You know, as well as everyone else that the CIA has been dealing drugs throughout the world and bringing drugs into this country since Vietnam's war, you brought them in here in body bags.

Speaker 175 You wear in the golden triangle. So you're going to come in this community and insult us and tell us that you're going to investigate yourself?

Speaker 264 You got to be crazy.

Speaker 136 Whistleblowers, including federal agents, said they witnessed CIA involvement in moving drugs.

Speaker 220 The head of the DEA at the time, Robert Bonner, said that a ton of pure cocaine worth hundreds of millions of dollars had been smuggled into the United States. And he blamed the CIA.

Speaker 215 Let me understand what you're saying.

Speaker 220 A ton of cocaine was smuggled into the United States of America.

Speaker 206 Well, they... In cooperation with the CIA?

Speaker 297 That's what...

Speaker 59 That's exactly what appears to have happened.

Speaker 185 Declassified documents show the U.S.

Speaker 50 government, including CIA, associated with known drug traffickers.

Speaker 30 They overlook these activities to start communism.

Speaker 3 Yep.

Speaker 206 If you ask the question,

Speaker 206 did the CIA sell drugs in the black neighborhoods of Los Angeles to finance the Contra war?

Speaker 221 The answer will be a categorical no.

Speaker 206 Now, having said that, And what is true is the policymakers absolutely close their eyes to the criminal behavior of our allies and supporters in that war.

Speaker 206 The policymakers ignored their drug dealing, their stealing, and their human rights violations.

Speaker 61 The CIA didn't admit to working with organized crime, but investigations and declassified documents show they did.

Speaker 51 The Vatican and CIA haven't confirmed any financial arrangement, but there's a lot of indirect evidence of Vatican support for anti-communist activities, but no hard proof.

Speaker 87 That's what he used to think.

Speaker 3 Right.

Speaker 218 So what's the truth?

Speaker 170 We don't know.

Speaker 127 All I can do is give you my opinion.

Speaker 51 I know we need a strong military and intelligence agencies, and this episode isn't about communism or the military.

Speaker 257 This episode is about the lies we've been told for years by the people who swore to protect us.

Speaker 129 Now, do I believe that the Soviet threat was exaggerated in order to line the pockets of military contractors and expand the power of the CIA?

Speaker 45 Come on, of course.

Speaker 159 We were told this would happen.

Speaker 165 President Eisenhower warned us about the military-industrial complex.

Speaker 165 He said if we let the defense companies become too powerful, they'll undermine democracy and influence policy to serve their own financial interests.

Speaker 138 Ike nailed it.

Speaker 262 That's what happened.

Speaker 129 CIA operations like overthrowing governments concerned Eisenhower.

Speaker 50 He knew intelligence agencies were necessary, but stressed the need for transparency and oversight. Otherwise, the agencies would become a law unto themselves.

Speaker 174 Ike nailed it again.

Speaker 73 That's what happened.

Speaker 242 JFK often asked Eisenhower for advice.

Speaker 189 Ike told him, don't let the intelligence agencies have too much power.

Speaker 76 At first, JFK trusted them, but then in 1961, he signed off on the CIA's plan to overthrow Cuba's government.

Speaker 60 The Bay of Pigs invasion was a disaster.

Speaker 25 The CIA botched it.

Speaker 52 It embarrassed America and solidified the relationship between Cuba and the Soviet Union.

Speaker 122 JFK started to believe that maybe the CIA was doing more harm than good and needed to be reformed or even dismantled and rebuilt.

Speaker 193 Their growing power was undermining democracy, just as Eisenhower warned.

Speaker 127 During the 1960s, there was another serious threat to democracy, organized crime.

Speaker 138 The mob ran the labor unions and important businesses.

Speaker 233 They could buy judges, influence politicians.

Speaker 57 They were powerful enough to change the outcome of elections.

Speaker 77 Some say the mafia helped JFK get elected, which would be ironic because JFK's victory brought the mafia a big problem, his brother Robert.

Speaker 138 As attorney general, RFK prioritized fighting organized crime.

Speaker 324 I think what playing the pool of organized crime, I think it's a very serious situation that's facing the country at the present time.

Speaker 76 John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22nd, 1963.

Speaker 258 Robert F.

Speaker 51 Kennedy, about to run for president, was assassinated five years later in 1968.

Speaker 57 As JFK's attorney general and confidant, RFK would have continued his brother's policies.

Speaker 140 He also pledged to reopen the investigation into JFK's murder if he was elected.

Speaker 189 Now, why reopen an investigation?

Speaker 245 I thought this was all solved.

Speaker 76 A president on a crusade against the CIA, killed.

Speaker 48 A potential president on a crusade against the mafia, killed.

Speaker 134 Now, we know the official stories, JFK, Lee Harvey Oswald, Lone Gunman, case closed.

Speaker 132 RFK, Surhan Surhan, Lone Gunman, case closed.

Speaker 48 But there are other theories with real evidence that place the blame not on lone gunmen, but on two powerful organizations.

Speaker 199 Two organizations with the motive, opportunity, and means, the CIA and the Mafia.

Speaker 51 Now, whether the CIA and the mafia were involved in the assassinations, I'm not sure.

Speaker 242 But I am sure of one thing: they've both mastered organized crime.

Speaker 6 Now, I love World War II history, so it made me happy that the episode performed well. So, we're going to stay with World War II for a few more minutes.
This next one is,

Speaker 6 it's one of the strangest intelligence operations of the war.

Speaker 4 Now, if you haven't seen it, my notes are down here.

Speaker 218 If you haven't seen it, I won't spoil it, but here's a hint.

Speaker 4 Oh, sorry, that's not professional.

Speaker 23 This is about how a crazy race car driver, a submarine, and a dead body fooled Hitler and led to the creation of James Bond.

Speaker 271 On April 30th, 1943, in the middle of World War II, a body washed up on the shore of Huelva, Spain.

Speaker 85 The deceased man was wearing a British military uniform. There was a briefcase strapped to his body containing British and American military secrets.

Speaker 165 The man was Major William Martin.

Speaker 272 a Royal Marine who was the single victim of a fatal plane crash at sea.

Speaker 112 He had just returned from temporary leave in London, where he had gone to the theater and purchased an engagement ring for his fiancée, Pam.

Speaker 98 But there was something very strange about Major William Martin.

Speaker 31 He didn't exist.

Speaker 272 It was the winter of 1942, and the Allies needed a win.

Speaker 92 Hitler's Nazi war machine had steamrolled all of Europe, and everybody knew England was next.

Speaker 230 The United States had just been dragged into the war by the attack on Pearl Harbor, and American bodies were piling up by the thousands.

Speaker 87 Inside job. What? Pearl Harbor was an inside job.
Didn't you see that image that was going around?

Speaker 1 Joey.

Speaker 2 See, oh, look at that.

Speaker 87 How could the planes fly this distance in 1931?

Speaker 151 Uh, you know that was meant as a joke.

Speaker 228 Eh, maybe.

Speaker 98 And you know the Earth is round, right?

Speaker 87 Allegedly.

Speaker 78 No, it really is.

Speaker 87 Could be round, could be flat.

Speaker 151 You know, who's to say?

Speaker 49 Uh, science is to say.

Speaker 87 Oh, right, science. I tried to make air quotes, but my fins wouldn't bend.

Speaker 188 Anyway, German forces were better trained, better equipped, and of singular purpose.

Speaker 85 But Germany did have a weakness.

Speaker 119 It's not a country rich in natural resources.

Speaker 31 To wage war in the 1940s, you need iron, oil, rubber, and food.

Speaker 98 Germany had to import all of these.

Speaker 85 If the Allies could disrupt Germany's supply lines, the Germans would no longer have the ability to fight, and the war could come to a quick close.

Speaker 119 But that was easier said than done.

Speaker 85 German engineers were among the best in the world.

Speaker 290 Every time the German army seized an inch of land, it was quickly fortified.

Speaker 82 Any Allied advance on mainland Europe would be repelled and would result in catastrophic losses.

Speaker 98 But the coastline of the Mediterranean was not as heavily fortified.

Speaker 92 UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill called this the soft underbelly of Europe.

Speaker 271 The key to taking back Europe was Italy, and the key to taking Italy was Sicily.

Speaker 92 Unfortunately, the Germans understood the strategic importance of Sicily as well.

Speaker 139 They were fully expecting the Allies to attack it.

Speaker 85 And if the Allies had any hope of winning, they'd need the element of surprise.

Speaker 119 MI5, Britain's intelligence agency, was tasked with tricking the Germans into thinking the Allies would attack Greece instead.

Speaker 119 If the Germans bought the ruse, they would divert forces from Sicily to Greece, leaving Sicily unprotected and ensuring an easy win for the Allies.

Speaker 92 One of the British intelligence officers working on crafting this deception was Charles Chumley.

Speaker 228 Hang on. What?

Speaker 87 Chumley, That's not what it says on the screen. Yeah, I know.

Speaker 92 That's how he pronounced his name.

Speaker 87 Well, he pronounced it wrong.

Speaker 94 Chumley's primary role in the war effort was an ideas guy.

Speaker 290 Charles Chumley remembered a top-secret memo distributed to British wartime intelligence at the beginning of the war.

Speaker 94 It became known as the Trout Memo because it compared intelligence to fly fishing.

Speaker 87 Why would anyone want to catch flies?

Speaker 232 No, no, fly fishermen try to catch fish.

Speaker 105 Those fishermen.

Speaker 290 The trout memo listed 51 specific ideas for fooling the Germans.

Speaker 1 The list was pretty wacky.

Speaker 92 It included dropping glow-in-the-dark footballs in the water to attract submarines.

Speaker 36 There was one about a fake treasure ship.

Speaker 290 And there was another about explosives being disguised as food.

Speaker 103 But the craziest idea in the Trout memo was number 28.

Speaker 188 It involved loading up a corpse with phony documents, then dropping the corpse from a plane behind enemy lines.

Speaker 103 And when you read the entire Trout memo, you can't help but think whoever thought of this stuff would be great at writing spy novels.

Speaker 192 The Trout memo officially was written by Rear Admiral John Godfrey, but it was actually written by Godfrey's assistant, Lieutenant Commander Ian Fleming, the same Ian Fleming who went on to become a novelist, best known for a series featuring the character,

Speaker 82 James Bond.

Speaker 69 Idea number 28 on Ian Fleming's Trout Memo was titled, A Suggestion, and Not a Very Nice One.

Speaker 327 The following suggestion is used in a book by Basil Thompson. A corpse dressed as an airman with dispatches in his pockets could be dropped on the coast, supposedly from a parachute that had failed.

Speaker 327 I understand there is no difficulty in obtaining corpses at the naval hospital, but of course it would have to be a fresh one.

Speaker 290 The idea was so crazy that Chumley thought it might be just the way to fool the Germans into believing the Allies were planning to attack Greece instead of Sicily.

Speaker 82 He presented it to his superiors and they assigned a naval officer named Ewan Montague to help him develop the plan.

Speaker 76 Before the war, Ewan Montague was a lawyer.

Speaker 92 He came from an extremely wealthy family of bankers.

Speaker 30 And when the war broke out, he was too old for active service, but found himself rising through the ranks of naval intelligence.

Speaker 87 You know, I've noticed that people from wealthy families tend to rise through the ranks rather quickly.

Speaker 35 Yeah, that does seem to be the case.

Speaker 258 As it turned out, an inclination for wartime intelligence work ran in the family.

Speaker 105 Ewan didn't know it at the time, but his own brother, Ivor Montague, was actually a spy for the Soviet Union.

Speaker 99 Uh-oh.

Speaker 101 Well, luckily, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom were fighting this war on the same side.

Speaker 87 That's true. So did this Igor.

Speaker 1 Ivor. Igor.
Ivor. Ivor.

Speaker 87 Ivor. Did he stop spying for the Russians after the war?

Speaker 30 The Montagues were also Jewish, so Ewan's wife and children spent the war in America for safety reasons.

Speaker 80 Ewan wanted in on this unique operation, to serve his country, of course, but also to keep his mind off how much he missed his wife chumbley and montagu fleshed out the plan for their mission they would deliver a dead body via a submarine just off the coast of spain the body would be carrying information identifying him as a royal marine and most importantly falsified documents regarding an upcoming military offensive in greece spain was the ideal country to find the body because though they were officially neutral they were in close communication with the germans and if military secrets washed up on the spanish shores there was a good chance those secrets would end up in the hands of the Germans.

Speaker 112 Chumley and Montague had the plan.

Speaker 156 Now they just needed a dead body.

Speaker 85 But not just any dead body.

Speaker 73 It had to be male and of military age.

Speaker 165 The cause of death needed to line up with the story of a plane crash at sea.

Speaker 119 So drowning, exposure, shock, or traumatic injury.

Speaker 96 And the man shouldn't have any pesky family members who might not appreciate their loved one's corpse being dressed up as someone else and taken out of the country.

Speaker 168 Ewan Montague was friendly with a local coroner who agreed to keep an eye out for just such a body.

Speaker 87 Ah, it's good to have a corpse guy.

Speaker 114 It is.

Speaker 153 And on January 26, 1943, the coroner called Montague and told him, I got one.

Speaker 1 Glender Michael had a hard life.

Speaker 94 His father attempted suicide by stabbing himself at the neck with a knife.

Speaker 98 He was taken to a mental hospital where he caught influenza and later died.

Speaker 54 His mother struggled to care for the family on her own.

Speaker 92 They were often homeless and there was never enough food.

Speaker 27 Shortly before the war, she died of a heart attack.

Speaker 119 Glender was declared ineligible for military service, though it's not clear why.

Speaker 27 It could have been for poor physical health, poor mental health, or both.

Speaker 37 He eventually became homeless and wandered the streets of London.

Speaker 188 On January 26, 1943, Glender Michael consumed rat poison in an abandoned warehouse.

Speaker 139 It could have been suicide, but most likely he was starving and found some bread.

Speaker 133 The bread had been laced with rat poison and Glender died two days later.

Speaker 92 Death by rat poison is a rough way to go.

Speaker 232 But considering the forensic technology available at the time, dying for rat poisoning could pass for drowning.

Speaker 82 Chumlea Montague now had a body.

Speaker 79 Not for long though.

Speaker 149 Montague's coroner buddy,

Speaker 95 his corpse guy stressed that Glender's body was already starting to decompose.

Speaker 103 He could keep him on ice, but he needed to be deployed within the next three months.

Speaker 149 At this point, Chum Leon Montague's mission had also been given an official code name, Operation Mincemeat.

Speaker 50 And this was a dark joke.

Speaker 286 Mincemeat is a recipe combining chopped meat or animal fat with fruit and spices and whatever you've got lying around.

Speaker 170 And when those things you've got lying around include sugar and alcohol, it's a good way to preserve meat.

Speaker 305 At this time in the UK, people needed to preserve meat to make their rations last longer.

Speaker 36 But this time, the meat was a man.

Speaker 30 It turned out that acquiring a highly specific dead body was the easy part.

Speaker 87 It's good to have a co-op sky.

Speaker 231 Now, Montague and Chumley needed to create a new identity from thin air, and it had to stand up to German scrutiny.

Speaker 136 He needed to be a military officer if it was going to be believable that he had possession of sensitive documents.

Speaker 168 They chose the Royal Marines because it was a common uniform and easy to get.

Speaker 165 To avoid the uniform looking too new, Chumley wore it every day for the next three months.

Speaker 231 Now they needed a name.

Speaker 116 Montague and Chumley looked through the list of servicemen and found several Royal Marines named William Martin who were around the rank of captain.

Speaker 92 The Germans likely had access to the same list of names, but not their postings.

Speaker 149 So Montague and Chumley borrowed the name.

Speaker 154 The fictional William Martin also needed identification.

Speaker 28 Royal Marines carried ID cards on them at all times that included a picture.

Speaker 286 Montague and Chumley attempted to photograph the dead body, but this was unsuccessful.

Speaker 290 Well they tried, but the body was in rough shape and getting worse.

Speaker 74 The pictures were frightening.

Speaker 109 But working in another department was a man who looked similar to glender michael and he was willing to be photographed montagu and chumley borrowed his face there was one more thing they needed but this one they wouldn't be able to give back underwear a british military officer at the time would have been wearing underwear underwear was rationed in the uk at the time meaning you couldn't find it in a store and no one was giving theirs up

Speaker 87 and this is where the expression go in commando comes from

Speaker 99 I don't think that's right.

Speaker 1 Well, Montague presented this predicament to one of his superiors, and it just so happened that one of his superiors' academic enemies had recently been run over by a truck.

Speaker 240 He was delighted to acquire his former colleague's underwear for Operation Mincemeat.

Speaker 232 Montague and Chumley now turned their attention from the physical to the fictional.

Speaker 168 They needed a backstory for Major William Martin.

Speaker 151 Every night they would go out with a few of their colleagues and fill in details on William Martin's backstory.

Speaker 37 He liked fishing and was bad with money.

Speaker 50 He was romantic and secretly wanted to be a writer.

Speaker 149 The team came to view Major William Martin as a friend.

Speaker 96 The backstory they created would be told to the Spanish who found the body and hopefully the Germans they showed it to in the form of pocket litter.

Speaker 98 Pocket litter is the term for the random stuff people carry in their pockets.

Speaker 27 For the fictional William Martin, that included his falsified military ID card, the military documents hinting at the Allied plans to invade Greece, ticket stubs from the theater, a receipt for an engagement ring, an overdraft letter from the bank, and a photograph and love letter from his fiancée Pam.

Speaker 30 Jean Leslie, a secretary working at the agency, agreed to provide a photograph.

Speaker 149 Jean now became Major Martin's fiancée Pam.

Speaker 188 And here's where things get a little awkward.

Speaker 33 Ewan and Jean began spending a lot of time together.

Speaker 290 They went dancing, they went to the movies, but not as themselves, not as Ewan and Jean, as William and Pam.

Speaker 132 They may have been playing characters, but the romance was real enough that Montague's own mother wrote to his wife suggesting she come back to the UK as soon as she could.

Speaker 188 But there was one last very important letter to be written.

Speaker 19 The military communication from a general revealing the supposed joint American and British attack on Greece.

Speaker 98 The work on this letter took over a month.

Speaker 76 And after many drafts were written by an increasingly frustrated Ewan Montague, they just had the general write the letter himself.

Speaker 87 Nobody likes getting notes.

Speaker 32 That's true.

Speaker 95 And in the letter was placed a single eyelash.

Speaker 87 Eyelash.

Speaker 112 Yep, the British needed to know if the letter was opened.

Speaker 232 If the plan worked, they'd have the documents returned to them.

Speaker 119 If the eyelash was missing, that means someone opened the letter.

Speaker 227 But the month of rewrites was a problem, considering the three-month window given to Operation Mincemeat by the coroner.

Speaker 92 They needed to get Glinder Michael, the photo of Gene, the worn uniform, the love letters, the dead academics' underwear, the all-important military document, and the pocket litter to Spain.

Speaker 139 And they needed to do it fast.

Speaker 85 Because Acting Major William Martin was starting to rot.

Speaker 60 At this time, MI5 employed one of the UK's most famous race car drivers.

Speaker 165 During the war, Jack Horsefall had been recruited by British intelligence to provide transportation for its agents when they needed to get somewhere and get out of somewhere fast.

Speaker 105 In this case, he needed to transport Ewan Montague, Charles Chumley, and a secret package from England to Scotland, where Ewan and Charles would meet a submarine that would deliver Major William Martin to a specific location off the coast of Spain.

Speaker 30 Glender Michael's body had been placed in a special container that was created for this exact purpose.

Speaker 105 It was essentially a thin coffin packed with dry ice.

Speaker 192 This would help keep the body cold, to slow down the decomposition process, and help keep it secret.

Speaker 81 It would also save the submarine's crew from being trapped in a small space with a very bad smell.

Speaker 35 They decided to travel overnight to risk being seen, but the UK was under a strict blackout at the time.

Speaker 50 Every night, entire cities went dark to make them harder for German bombers to identify from overhead.

Speaker 261 This meant all streetlights were out and all vehicle headlights had to be covered.

Speaker 103 So Montague and Chumley were going to be driven at high speed by a race car driver in pitch darkness. And by the way, Jack Horsfall was legally blind and refused to wear glasses.

Speaker 80 Well, maybe, or stupid, Horsefall wouldn't wear glasses because he was always very well dressed.

Speaker 92 He liked martinis and was famous for driving an Aston Martin.

Speaker 31 Just like James Bond.

Speaker 335 You'll be using this Aston Martin DB5 with modifications.

Speaker 110 Now, pay attention, please.

Speaker 148 James Bond was a composite character based on real people that Ian Fleming knew, including Jack Horsfall.

Speaker 139 The overnight road trip from England to Scotland was crazy and included a couple of close calls, but they made it to Scotland on time.

Speaker 95 In Scotland, they met the crew of the submarine HMS Seraph and loaded in their suspiciously large container, which was labeled optical instruments.

Speaker 19 In the early morning hours of April 30th, 1943, the submarine reached its destination.

Speaker 209 The officers aboard the HMS Serif performed a brief funeral service for Glender Michael, then placed his body with the briefcase attached into the water.

Speaker 95 Then the sub was positioned in a way that the propellers could be used to propel the body toward the shore.

Speaker 112 They gunned the engine and the body was on its way.

Speaker 139 Their final task was to sink the body's container, and this turned out to to be one of the biggest hurdles Operation Mints-Meet faced.

Speaker 105 Part of the special container's cooling system included air pockets, and so when placed in the water, it floated.

Speaker 112 They tried shooting at it, but it still wouldn't sink.

Speaker 96 And if they couldn't sink it, this would be a big problem.

Speaker 119 Imagine a strange coffin riddled with bullet holes washing up on shore just after Major William Martin's body.

Speaker 149 The Spanish would know things were not as they seemed.

Speaker 94 So the serif crew decided to blow it up.

Speaker 198 The explosion was loud, but the container did finally sink.

Speaker 82 And Major Martin?

Speaker 258 he ended up on the beach.

Speaker 92 At around 9.30 on the morning of April 30th, 1943, the body of Royal Marine acting Major William Martin was discovered by a fisherman in Huelva, Spain.

Speaker 50 This was chosen as the drop-off site because of one specific Huelva resident, Adolf Klaus.

Speaker 87 That's the most German name I ever heard.

Speaker 95 Klaus was a notorious German spy who was the key to making sure the falsified documents were seen by the Germans.

Speaker 36 The fishermen who found the body notified the Spanish authorities who informed the British consulate in Spain.

Speaker 112 And now began a delicate diplomatic dance.

Speaker 233 After enough time had passed for news of Major William Martin's death to travel through official British channels, the British needed to start requesting Martin's briefcase.

Speaker 232 And by pushing for the return of the briefcase, it would alert the Spanish and hopefully the Germans that there was something juicy inside.

Speaker 306 But they couldn't push too hard, where the Spanish might return the briefcase before the Germans could get a peek.

Speaker 290 But they did eventually need to get the documents back if this thing was going to work.

Speaker 19 Because look, if the Germans believed that the British believed that their documents had been lost and the Germans had possibly gained possession of them, they would likely cancel the planned Greek attack.

Speaker 290 No reason to attack if the Germans know it's coming.

Speaker 112 And that couldn't be allowed to happen.

Speaker 153 The Germans had to read the letter and have it returned unopened.

Speaker 44 So, a delicate dance.

Speaker 135 Less delicate was the matter of the autopsy.

Speaker 31 Glender Michael had, had, of course, not died by drowning or blunt trauma or shock or exposure.

Speaker 94 He ate rat poison.

Speaker 290 A detailed autopsy would almost certainly have revealed that something was off.

Speaker 27 But by this time, the stench of the body was so foul that the British vice consul who was aware of Operation Mincemeat was able to cut the autopsy short.

Speaker 98 He told the staff in the coroner's office, It's hot, this place stinks.

Speaker 165 Let's go grab lunch instead.

Speaker 83 I'm buying.

Speaker 198 And that was the end of the autopsy.

Speaker 277 A few days later, a funeral was held held for Major William Martin.

Speaker 136 He was buried in Spain with full military honors.

Speaker 92 Among the crowd of mourners was the German spy, Adolf Klaus. Adolf knew about Major William Martin's arrival in Spain and was already working on obtaining a copy of the documents.

Speaker 92 Now, it took a week and a half, but the documents did make their way into the hands of the Germans before finally being returned.

Speaker 82 No eyelash?

Speaker 258 No eyelash.

Speaker 92 To get the letter out of the envelope, the Germans inserted a thin wire and actually wound the letter into a a tight scroll.

Speaker 81 The scroll was carefully pulled from a small fold in the envelope.

Speaker 96 It was dried, copied, twisted around the wire again, and put back in the envelope without breaking the wax seal.

Speaker 92 It was then soaked in seawater and returned. Even if the eyelash was there, the British would have known the letter was red, because when they dried it out, it curled up like a potato chip.

Speaker 119 And then the information from the falsified documents made it all the way to Hitler.

Speaker 92 On July 9th, 1943, the joint American and British invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, began.

Speaker 119 The Allies were met with stormy weather, but little German resistance.

Speaker 60 The enemy was too busy planning for the invasion of Greece.

Speaker 27 Hitler had bought the Operation Mincemeat deception completely.

Speaker 119 The British had expected 10,000 killed or wounded in the first week of fighting, but only suffered 1,400 losses.

Speaker 252 The Navy expected 300 ships would be sunk in the action, but they lost only 12.

Speaker 119 The predicted 90-day campaign was over in 38 days.

Speaker 50 Operation Mincemeat is now considered one of the greatest episodes of wartime deception in history, and it's broadly credited with one of the turning points of World War II.

Speaker 27 But this successful operation had a dark side effect.

Speaker 210 It ushered in a new era of espionage.

Speaker 36 It opened a Pandora's box of intelligence operations focused on deception.

Speaker 35 But the targets of the deception were no longer military.

Speaker 300 The targets were now civilians.

Speaker 155 In 1942, the United States military created the OSS, the Office of Strategic Services.

Speaker 60 This was an intelligence agency modeled after Britain's MI6.

Speaker 94 After the war, the OSS was dissolved.

Speaker 95 But in 1947, a new intelligence agency was created, the CIA.

Speaker 56 Technically, the CIA is a civilian agency tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world.

Speaker 290 But CIA operations are much more creative and devious than simple intelligence gathering.

Speaker 98 In 1953, the CIA helped overthrow Iran's government via Operation Ajax.

Speaker 30 In 1954, Operation PB Success overthrew the president of Guatemala, a democratically elected president.

Speaker 50 Syria, Indonesia, Brazil, Nicaragua, Haiti, Uruguay, Panama, in these countries and many others, the CIA attempted coups, attempted to remove elected leaders, and in some cases, assassinate those leaders.

Speaker 245 The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis is taught in every American school.

Speaker 27 It's a story about Soviet aggression and the bravery of President JFK.

Speaker 97 What's not taught is that in the years leading up to the crisis, the CIA established a base of operations in Miami.

Speaker 92 The only place that had more CIA officers in the world was headquarters in Langley.

Speaker 225 These men belong to a terrorist organization responsible for a recent wave of bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations.

Speaker 225 They are Cuban exiles waging a terrorist war against Fidel Castro, and their base of operations is an American city.

Speaker 290 From the Miami base, Operation JM Wave was launched.

Speaker 44 Cuban exiles were recruited and trained by the CIA to operate as agents.

Speaker 136 Those agents then spent years engaging in an extensive campaign of terrorism on economic and civilian targets.

Speaker 92 A lot of civilians were killed.

Speaker 19 And this was a major factor in the Soviet decision to place missiles on Cuba.

Speaker 33 These terrorist attacks continued for years.

Speaker 94 In 1976, Kubana Flight 455 was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 73 people aboard.

Speaker 36 The CIA was immediately suspected, but naturally they denied it.

Speaker 188 But in 2007, independent research connected the bombing to a CIA asset.

Speaker 92 During the Vietnam War, the CIA spun up the Phoenix program.

Speaker 56 This program was designed to identify and destroy the Viet Cong, the VC, by infiltration, assassination, terrorism, and torture.

Speaker 232 Phoenix was shut down after the abuse, torture, and murder were exposed.

Speaker 92 In the 1970s, back home, the CIA's Operation Chaos targeted anti-war protesters.

Speaker 87 I thought the CIA only operates overseas and doesn't spy on Americans. Hey, yeah, yeah, I realized how stupid I sounded when I said it.

Speaker 87 Hey, it's a good thing that the CIA, FBI, and other agencies aren't being weaponized and used against American citizens, eh?

Speaker 87 Sarcasm!

Speaker 182 Operation Condor ran for over 20 years and was a program of terrorism, assassination, and overthrow attempts of every socialist leader in South America.

Speaker 272 There's compelling evidence to show that for over 30 years, the CIA helped organize, train, and fund death squads in El Salvador.

Speaker 109 During the U.S.-inspired Civil War, at least 75,000 civilians were killed.

Speaker 188 MKUltra was an illegal human experimentation program.

Speaker 50 The CIA was testing drugs that could be used to force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture.

Speaker 119 The program ran for 20 years before being exposed.

Speaker 113 Through the 80s and 90s, the CIA was the biggest illegal drug trafficking and money laundering operation in the world, though this is only alleged.

Speaker 271 Operation Mincemeat is hailed as a great success, a major turning point in World War II that led to the Allied victory and probably saved millions of lives.

Speaker 173 And I believe that's true.

Speaker 238 But out of the ashes of the war and emboldened by the success success of the OSS, emerged the CIA.

Speaker 107 Now, the CIA and its defenders will say that, yes, mistakes were made, but the ultimate goal of the agency is to protect American lives and America's interests overseas.

Speaker 119 And that's what we're taught here in the U.S.

Speaker 30 And that's what we're shown in every movie about the CIA, which all have to be approved by the CIA.

Speaker 168 But there are people around the world and throughout history that view the CIA as an instrument of evil.

Speaker 95 Thousands, perhaps millions of people, would say the CIA is the most villainous organization ever conceived by man.

Speaker 135 And I'm not saying it is.

Speaker 92 I'm just saying every story has two sides.

Speaker 30 So is the CIA a hero or a villain?

Speaker 101 Well it all depends on which side of the table you're sitting, on which end of the gun you are, on which end of the needle, on whether you are the tortured or the torturer.

Speaker 94 Now, given the nightmarish abuses and atrocities it's committed, and given the political weaponization weaponization of the agency that exists today, the CIA, at least the way it's currently structured, might be doing more harm than good.

Speaker 30 But if America is going to have a powerful intelligence agency like the CIA, and I think it should, that agency needs to do better.

Speaker 26 And we the people, we need to demand it.

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Speaker 6 The next one is a dark one. This was the first case that I could find where the U.S.
government actually publicly compensated someone who died in a strange way.

Speaker 264 Oh, look, he had a heart attack.

Speaker 23 Whoops, he's... He fell out of a hotel window.

Speaker 13 The Frank Olson murder is taught taught by Israeli intelligence as the perfect murder.

Speaker 13 Frank Olson was part of MK Ultra and was starting to have second doubts about it. So they sent him to a psychiatrist who he didn't know was actually

Speaker 13 worked for Sidney Gottley and was

Speaker 13 into programming and he was freaking out. And he's up in a hotel room with someone else from MK and he falls out the window.

Speaker 244 But if you look at the window where he fell, it's like

Speaker 145 two feet by two feet.

Speaker 13 You can't just jump out the window. So he was found on the sidewalk by the doorman.

Speaker 5 That's Frank Olson, worth looking up.

Speaker 100 This is an older episode.

Speaker 6 This goes back to number 76.

Speaker 4 It's about MK Ultra and the Frank Olson murder.

Speaker 295 November 28th, 1953, New York City. At 2.30 a.m., the body hit the sidewalk.
A few seconds later, a shower of glass. The doorman of the Statler Hotel yelled to the lobby that there was a jumper.

Speaker 295 The night manager rushed out and saw him, a man about 40 years old lying on the pavement. He was on his back wearing only his underwear and blood started to pool around him.

Speaker 295 13 stories up, a single window was open, its curtain flapping through broken glass.

Speaker 184 The night manager knelt beside the man, whose eyes were open and was somehow still alive.

Speaker 295 He desperately tried to speak but was choking on blood and couldn't be understood.

Speaker 33 After a minute or two of trying trying to communicate, the man took a final deep breath and was gone.

Speaker 295 Nobody knows for sure what he was trying to say before he died, but one thing is for certain, it was something about the CIA.

Speaker 295 Room 1018A was registered to Robert Lashbrook and Frank Olson. The police burst in, guns raised, but it was empty.
Cold November air was blowing through the broken window.

Speaker 295 In the bathroom was a man sitting on the toilet, resting his head in his hands. He told the police he'd been sleeping, heard a noise, and woke up.

Speaker 295 One officer asked the name of the man who went out the window. The man in the bathroom said, Olson, Frank Olson.
The responding officers figured this was an open and shut case.

Speaker 295 A middle-aged man is depressed or distraught and ends it all by jumping, just another night in the big city. But the night manager, Armin Pastori, wasn't convinced.

Speaker 295 He said it didn't make sense that someone would get up in the middle of the night, run across a dark room in his underwear, avoid two beds, and dive through a closed window that had the shade and curtains closed.

Speaker 295 Pastori checked with the hotel operator to see if any calls were made from the room. The operator said, yes, a call was just made a few minutes ago.

Speaker 295 And because it ran through a switchboard, she heard the whole thing.

Speaker 334 The caller, Robert Lashbrook, who was the man in the bathroom, called a number on Long Island, which belonged to a Dr. Harold Abramson.

Speaker 295 The call lasted only a few seconds. Well, he's gone, Lashbrook said.
Well, that's too bad, was Abramson's reply. A few hours later, Frank Olson's family was notified.

Speaker 295 They were told there was an accident.

Speaker 223 Frank had either fallen or jumped from his 10th floor room.

Speaker 295 Frank's body was so badly damaged that the funeral was held with a closed casket, and the Olson family tried to move on.

Speaker 33 Having trouble coping with losing his father, Eric Olson would ask his mother about Frank from time to time, and she would always say the same thing, you're never going to know what happened in the room that night.

Speaker 295 But 20 years later, that would change.

Speaker 295 In 1975, the Rockefeller Commission released information to the public about its investigation into CIA activities. The report mentioned a civilian scientist working for the Department of the Navy.

Speaker 295 He was given LSD without his knowledge as part of a CIA experiment. That scientist experienced side effects and was sent to New York for a psychiatric care.

Speaker 295 A few days later, he jumped from a 10th floor window of his hotel and died. This report was in the New York Times and Washington Post and made its way to the Olson family.

Speaker 295 The government confirmed the scientist was Frank Olson. And just 10 days later, the family was invited to the White House and President Ford gave them a formal apology.

Speaker 80 The director of the CIA also apologized.

Speaker 295 The United States government agreed this was a wrongful death and offered the family a $750,000 settlement if they agreed not to sue.

Speaker 112 The Olson family agreed to the terms.

Speaker 295 Alice Olson never wanted to talk about Frank's death or his job.

Speaker 295 Frank's children, now in their 20s and 30s, always knew their father was a scientist, but what scientist family gets a personal invitation to the Oval Office?

Speaker 295 Alice Olson only knew a few things about her husband's job. She knew he was a scientist doing important work for the U.S.
government. She knew he traveled for work all the time.

Speaker 295 time, and she knew he was unhappy. One of the last things Frank said to his wife was that he had made a terrible mistake.
But for Frank's children, this information was entirely new.

Speaker 295 And because of the investigations and media coverage, they now learned for the first time what their father actually did for a living. He was no ordinary scientist.

Speaker 295 During World War II, Frank Olson was one of the first Army scientists assigned to the top-secret biological warfare lab at Fort Dietrich, Maryland.

Speaker 334 Frank's specialty was aerosolizing living biological agents and munitions.

Speaker 213 In other words, he created biological weapons of mass destruction.

Speaker 295 Now, at this time in history, the CIA was part of the Army. And after becoming a civilian, Frank continued his research in bioweapons.

Speaker 295 He was lead scientist for Operation Harness, where animals in the Caribbean were exposed to anthrax, tularemia, and brucella.

Speaker 295 He was part of Operation Sea Spray, where different strains of bacteria were sprayed over the San Francisco Bay Area to test the city's vulnerability to a bioweapon attack.

Speaker 295 And as Frank moved up the ranks of the CIA, he spent a lot of time at Fort Terry, which was a secret installation on Plum Island in the Long Island Sound.

Speaker 222 Plum Island is only reachable by boat or by air.

Speaker 295 The toxins tested there are considered too dangerous to be on the mainland.

Speaker 295 Olson developed delivery devices for these bioweapons, canisters disguised as shaving shaving cream cans that could disperse anthrax in a concentrated area.

Speaker 295 A cigarette lighter that emitted a deadly gas. Lipstick that killed instantly.

Speaker 87 Hey, when did they make biological weapons a war crime?

Speaker 19 The Geneva Conventions in 1925.

Speaker 87 So all this research was illegal.

Speaker 1 Right.

Speaker 295 In early 1953, the same year he died, Frank Olson stepped down as chief of the Special Operations Division. He said the job was too stressful and was causing his ulcers to flare up.

Speaker 87 You think ulcers suck?

Speaker 295 Try anthrax. Oh, no sympathy for CIA scientists, huh?

Speaker 87 Not even a little bit.

Speaker 295 So Frank stepped down, but he stayed with the CIA. And that's when he met Sidney Gottlieb and Robert Lashbrook.

Speaker 1 Gottlieb, Gottlieb.

Speaker 2 Where do I know that name from?

Speaker 295 Well, Sidney Gottlieb ran the CIA's Project Bluebird, which became Project Artichoke, which became NK Ultra.

Speaker 84 Bingo.

Speaker 295 During the Cold War, the CIA, specifically Sidney Gottlieb, was obsessed with mind control and brainwashing.

Speaker 295 There was a fear that the Soviet Union was also working on this capability, and the United States was determined to get there first. Project MKUltra was the program intended to accomplish this.

Speaker 295 MKUltra was brutal and illegal. Over time, the experiments Frank Olson conducted and witnessed started to weigh on him.

Speaker 295 During one study, Frank Olson observed interrogations at CIA black sites in Germany.

Speaker 168 Detainees were called expendables.

Speaker 87 I'm assuming these expendables were not aging action stars.

Speaker 334 They were not.

Speaker 295 They were mostly suspected spies and security leaks.

Speaker 87 Suspected, so uh, not proven?

Speaker 295 Nope, just suspected.

Speaker 236 Freaking spooks.

Speaker 295 The expendables were subject to drug experiments, hypnosis, electric shocks, isolation, sexual abuse, and all kinds of torture.

Speaker 295 This was an effort to study not just the effects of extreme torture, but also brainwashing techniques and memory deletion.

Speaker 222 Many of these people were interrogated to death.

Speaker 295 In other instances, Frank Olson saw the results of his own weapons that were used on expendables. Some of those people died slowly and in agony.

Speaker 295 And even though Frank's wife didn't know any of the specifics, it was clear that Frank's work was becoming too much for him to bear.

Speaker 295 In November 1953, Frank Olson received an invitation for a pre-Thanksgiving retreat at a cabin on Deep Creek Lake. Gottlieb ran these retreats for scientists and staff pretty often.

Speaker 295 Deep Creek was a convenient place for Gottlieb. This was one of the locations where Americans were subjected to MKUltra techniques against their will for decades.

Speaker 295 Frank Olson was there with 10 other scientists. The first day of the gathering was fine, nothing out of the ordinary.

Speaker 341 On the second day, after dinner, the men kicked back for a post-meal drink.

Speaker 295 Lashbrook, Gottlieb's second-in-command, pulled a bunch of glasses and poured everyone a generous portion of Goan Treaux, which is an excellent orange triple sec liqueur from France.

Speaker 1 Right.

Speaker 295 20 minutes later, Gottlieb asked if anyone was feeling odd.

Speaker 91 A few of the men said they were.

Speaker 295 Gottlieb then told him that their drinks were spiked with a heavy dose of LSD.

Speaker 87 Son of a

Speaker 295 Frank Olson was aware that the CIA had dosed entire villages in Europe to observe the results.

Speaker 295 Many innocent people died from these experiments, but he was surprised that he would be the unwitting subject of an experiment.

Speaker 33 And Frank didn't react well.

Speaker 295 A few days later, he submitted his resignation, but he was talked into staying it was suggested that he see a psychiatrist to help him cope with the effects of the experiment and the stress of his work frank agreed lashbrook drove frank olson to new york to meet with dr harold abramson yeah this is the guy he called after the jump right yep dr abramson was actually an allergist that worked for the cia He pretended to be a psychiatrist, but Frank didn't know this.

Speaker 295 After a couple of sessions, Dr. Abramson convinced Frank to check himself into a hospital so he could recover from stress and exhaustion.

Speaker 86 Frank was actually fine with this.

Speaker 295 He was looking forward to the time off and was already picking out what books to bring with him. And that night, he and Lashbrook signed into the Statler Hotel, room 1018A.

Speaker 295 Frank had a nice conversation with his wife. She remembered him sounding more peaceful than he'd been in a long time.
He watched a little TV and went to bed.

Speaker 295 At 2.30 a.m., he was dead on the street below the window. Over the next 12 hours, a cleanup and a cover-up by the CIA ensued.

Speaker 29 The police investigation was quickly closed.

Speaker 295 Frank Olson's family was told he died from jumping or falling out a window. About 20 years later, more details about MKUltra emerged and the Olson family received a settlement.

Speaker 295 And almost 20 years after that, the case would take another turn.

Speaker 295 Frank Olson's wife, Alice, passed away in 1993. Their children decided to have Frank's body exhumed and reburied next to his wife.

Speaker 341 But Frank's children had an additional plan.

Speaker 295 They had James Starr, a medical examiner professor, conduct a second autopsy.

Speaker 295 Starr said there were no cuts on Frank's body and no shards of glass, which would have been expected by jumping through a window.

Speaker 295 And even though Frank landed on his back, his skull above his left eye had a blunt force trauma injury. He had another serious wound on his chest.

Speaker 215 Starr said of his findings, I think Frank Olson was intentionally, deliberately, with malice aforethought, thrown out of the window.

Speaker 295 Frank's sons sued the CIA again, but because of the agreement they signed in 1975, the judge had to dismiss the case.

Speaker 295 But the judge did say, even though the case couldn't proceed as a matter of law, the allegations made by the family against the CIA, though they sounded far-fetched, appeared to be the truth.

Speaker 295 Since the lawsuit couldn't proceed, Frank Olson's sons went to the press.

Speaker 99 They flat out said the CIA murdered their father and covered it up.

Speaker 295 They also produced interesting documents.

Speaker 295 In 1954, just a few months after Frank Olson's death, the CIA executed a document with the Department of Justice that gave the CIA authority to grant CIA employees immunity from any crime, including murder.

Speaker 87 A license to kill.

Speaker 79 Exactly.

Speaker 295 And there's a handbook released in 1953, the year of Frank's death, called the CIA Study of Assassination.

Speaker 101 It's fascinating and I'll link it below.

Speaker 295 It describes that the best way to assassinate a target is to drop them from at least 75 feet onto a hard surface.

Speaker 295 The manual says when successfully executed, it causes little excitement and is only casually investigated.

Speaker 295 In fact, the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence organization, used Frank Olson's death as an example of a perfect murder due to the skill with which it was executed.

Speaker 295 Now, while there is still no official admission of guilt from the CIA, I think it's pretty obvious what happened.

Speaker 295 Frank Olson was one one of only a few scientists who could confirm that the United States used chemical weapons in the Korean War.

Speaker 295 This is something that's still only alleged, but there's a lot of evidence it happened. Korean and Chinese soldiers were suddenly coming down with cases of cholera, meningitis, and even plague.

Speaker 295 It's possible Frank Olson was directly involved in deploying these illegal weapons.

Speaker 295 Frank Olson was one of only a dozen or so people on earth who knew the extent of MKUltra and other secret and illegal CIA operations.

Speaker 295 Frank Olson was a man who committed, or at least was part of projects that committed, atrocities around the world. And he was dealing with a moral crisis and started voicing his concerns.

Speaker 295 He even quit, but the CIA wouldn't allow it. When he was dosed with LSD that night in November, it was a loyalty test to see what scientists would say if they were exposed to the drug.

Speaker 43 Frank Olson failed that test and paid the ultimate price.

Speaker 295 But because of his death and the diligence of his family, many illegal CIA activities were exposed, and MKUltra was almost destroyed.

Speaker 1 Almost.

Speaker 295 It continued for another 20 years before finally shutting down in 1973.

Speaker 310 At least, as far as we know, all the records were illegally destroyed.

Speaker 295 And not Sidney Gottlieb, Robert Lashbrook, or any of the senior scientists from MKUltra were ever brought to justice. In fact, they all lived out their lives on fat pensions paid for by you and me.

Speaker 295 But the CIA promises that MKUltra was the last time drug experiments were done on people against their will. And such atrocities absolutely could not and would not happen today.

Speaker 340 Why would they lie?

Speaker 6 So everybody knows that after World War II, the United States imported about 1,200 Nazi war criminals.

Speaker 4 I mean, scientists, under Operation Paperclip.

Speaker 6 And the scientists who get the most attention are Verdivan Braun and his team of rocket engineers,

Speaker 4 war criminals.

Speaker 6 But one scientist who doesn't get a lot of attention, and you're going to find out why, is Dr.

Speaker 4 Eric Trau.

Speaker 6 He was the top bioweapon scientist for the Nazis.

Speaker 4 And after the war, U.S. Army brought him over to set up or improve the bioweapons program for the U.S.

Speaker 19 But whenever I get into Operation Paperclip, I always hammer home.

Speaker 13 These are Nazis.

Speaker 13 You know, Werner von Braun is not a hero. He's a hero, but he's not a hero.

Speaker 7 You know, a lot of these guys, these are all evil dudes.

Speaker 19 And most of the Operation Paperclip was just bringing over intelligence assets.

Speaker 13 They don't like talking about that.

Speaker 184 It's the 1,200 scientists that we learn about.

Speaker 13 It's not the 6,000 intelligence agents that just lived here until the 70s and 80s.

Speaker 4 Now, keep in mind that bioweapons were made illegal under the 1925 Geneva Protocol.

Speaker 25 So the U.S.

Speaker 4 is bringing over a war criminal to help with a program that is, by definition, a war crime.

Speaker 6 Anyway, Dr. Traub helped set set up the infamous Plum Island facility in New York, near where I grew up.

Speaker 4 I saw this thing all the time.

Speaker 12 Now, the goal there was to weaponize biting insects like ticks.

Speaker 4 And if we learned anything from Jurassic Park, when you mess with nature, nature fights back.

Speaker 274 In July 2008, the carcass of an animal washed up on the beach at Montauk Point, Long Island.

Speaker 277 Local beach combers are used to seeing dead animals, seagulls, fish, crabs, even the occasional whale, but they had never seen anything like this.

Speaker 119 Animal experts were brought in to identify it.

Speaker 94 They were stumped.

Speaker 80 It looked like part dog, part reptile, and part rodent with the beak of a bird.

Speaker 99 This animal, whatever it was, became known as the Montauk monster.

Speaker 96 But where did the monster come from?

Speaker 36 There could be only one answer, Plum Island.

Speaker 76 Plum Island is just a few miles from where the monster was found.

Speaker 111 Locals heard rumors that this was a top-secret government facility that created bioweapons, engineered animal hybrids, and maybe even experimented on people.

Speaker 27 Sounds like a wild theory.

Speaker 311 But then another animal washed up on the beach.

Speaker 112 Again, it couldn't be identified.

Speaker 181 And then another animal, and then two more.

Speaker 252 In 2010, the rumors about Plum Island seemed to be true when something else was found on the beach.

Speaker 30 This time, it wasn't a strange animal, it was a body, a human body.

Speaker 170 Well, almost human.

Speaker 95 Less than two miles off the coast of Long Island and about 85 miles from New York City is a small island owned by the U.S.

Speaker 103 government and unidentified on most maps.

Speaker 111 It's only accessible by ferry or by helicopter, but don't try visiting.

Speaker 272 Even if you have top secret clearance, access to Plum Island is invitation only.

Speaker 94 Boats that wander too close are quickly chased away by armed military personnel.

Speaker 35 Officially, the island is home to the Plum Island Animal Disease Center, a federal research facility that studies livestock-related diseases, specifically foot-and-mouth disease and African swine fever.

Speaker 43 These are highly contagious diseases that affect cows, pigs, sheep, and goats.

Speaker 91 The Plum Island Animal Disease Center is the only lab in the U.S.

Speaker 274 authorized to work with live FMD samples.

Speaker 139 If these samples escape the island, it could devastate the country's food supply in a matter of weeks.

Speaker 95 Foot and mouth is so contagious that if a single case is found in imported meat, all meat imports from that country are instantly banned.

Speaker 252 In 2001, the UK had an outbreak of foot and mouth disease that resulted in a loss of almost $10 billion

Speaker 96 and the slaughter of more than 6 million animals, whether they were infected or not.

Speaker 252 The center also studies African and classical swine fevers as well as avian flu.

Speaker 14 Now, there's no question that since the 1950s, Plum Island has studied diseases that affect livestock.

Speaker 95 But Plum Island's true history is much darker.

Speaker 149 For years, stories circulated that Plum Island was conducting genetic experiments on animals and possibly on people.

Speaker 50 So when the bodies of strange animals began washing up on beaches around the Long Island Sound, it could mean only one thing.

Speaker 31 The rumors about Plum Island were true.

Speaker 111 The Manhattan monster was found along the East River.

Speaker 109 Then another creature washed up.

Speaker 272 And this one kind of looked like a pig, but you don't see a lot of those running around New York City.

Speaker 24 Besides, pigs have four toes on each foot that ends ends in a hoof.

Speaker 139 The Manhattan Monster's feet had five toes that ended in what looked like claws.

Speaker 87 Oh, did it have the body of a crab and the head of a cat?

Speaker 78 No, it hadn't.

Speaker 259 I know, but

Speaker 112 some thought it could be a huge rat.

Speaker 76 Now, I'm from New York and I've seen some huge rats.

Speaker 87 Especially under the F-train at West 4th Street, huh?

Speaker 60 They get big down there, but not this big.

Speaker 116 Plus, rats have four toes on their back feet.

Speaker 272 Again, this thing had five.

Speaker 17 Then another unrecognizable animal appeared, then another, and another.

Speaker 27 Plum Island is supposed to be a medical research facility, originally under the purview of the Department of Agriculture.

Speaker 272 But Plum Island is actually part of Homeland Security.

Speaker 1 Why?

Speaker 94 In 2008, an al-Qaeda operative named Aifa Siddiqui was captured.

Speaker 112 She was in possession of handwritten notes with possible sites for a mass casualty attack in the United States.

Speaker 29 One of the sites listed was Plum Island.

Speaker 78 Again, why?

Speaker 50 Well, Plum Island research wasn't always about curing diseases.

Speaker 60 When it opened, Plum Island was about creating them.

Speaker 65 In 1952, Plum Island was used to research anti-animal biological warfare.

Speaker 252 Specifically, it focused on weaponizing foot and mouth disease against enemy livestock to disrupt their food supply.

Speaker 78 But there's evidence that the bioweapons developed on Plum Island weren't only targeting animals, but targeting humans.

Speaker 95 In January 2010, a human body was found on Plum Island by a local security guard.

Speaker 272 It was described as a six-foot-tall black male with no obvious signs of trauma.

Speaker 281 But there were a few strange details about this man.

Speaker 103 One is that his fingers were described as abnormally large.

Speaker 65 Some news agencies reported that his hands seemed mutated.

Speaker 64 But the scariest detail of all, his skull had five holes drilled into it, indicating invasive brain surgery or experimentation.

Speaker 49 And that's where Plum Island's dark history becomes even darker.

Speaker 111 Because when the United States wanted to create one of the deadliest germ labs on Earth, it brought in elite personnel to build it.

Speaker 60 To build Plum Island, the U.S.

Speaker 112 brought in bioweapon scientists with experience in human experimentation.

Speaker 112 To build Plum Island, the U.S.

Speaker 208 brought in the Nazis.

Speaker 342 Why couldn't the Montauk monster be some critter that they were tinkering with that somehow went into the water and got swept by that outgoing tide? Montauk is

Speaker 342 south and east of Plum Island, not that far, maybe 10 miles as the crow flies, maybe less even.

Speaker 331 Why couldn't it be that?

Speaker 92 Reims Island, Germany is home to the oldest virological institution in the world.

Speaker 271 Reims was founded in 1910 to research foot and mouth disease, but during World War II, it became ground zero for Hitler's biowarfare program.

Speaker 119 Reams was run by scientist Erich Traub, who reported directly to Heinrich Himmler, who reported directly to Hitler.

Speaker 252 Traub experimented with unique forms of biological warfare.

Speaker 112 He specialized in biting and stinging insects.

Speaker 94 He discovered that if you infect beetles and ticks with a deadly disease, you can drop them on enemy troops and their food supplies.

Speaker 275 You can devastate an entire army without firing a single shot.

Speaker 36 Ticks were considered an ideal weapon for biological warfare.

Speaker 12 They're small, making them hard to detect.

Speaker 258 They're resilient, making them hard to kill, and they feed on human blood, making them motivated to spread disease.

Speaker 279 The tick is the perfect germ vector, which is why it has long been fancied as a germ weapon by early biowarriors, from Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan to the Soviet Union and the United States.

Speaker 125 After the war, there was no Nazi Germany.

Speaker 252 There was no Empire of Japan.

Speaker 19 But the Soviet Union and the United States were still very interested in using poison ticks in warfare, except now they would be used on each other.

Speaker 148 So now the two allies became enemies, and competition for German technology was fierce.

Speaker 54 The United States launched Operation Paperclip, a secret program that recruited German scientists, engineers, and technicians.

Speaker 109 The US gave German scientists a choice.

Speaker 92 Work for us and your war crimes are forgiven.

Speaker 50 Not a difficult decision for most.

Speaker 91 Even if German scientists refused to work for the U.S., they could still find themselves swept up in Operation Osoavyakim.

Speaker 98 This was the Soviet counterpart to Operation Paperclip, but where the U.S.

Speaker 29 gave scientists a choice, the Soviets took them by force.

Speaker 30 Eric Traub was one of the scientists forced to work for the Soviets from his lab on Reims Island.

Speaker 156 But in 1948, British intelligence got him out and brought him to the States.

Speaker 27 Soon, he was working at Fort Dietrich, the Army's biological warfare headquarters.

Speaker 104 And based on the design of Traubs Island in Germany, the United States built their own lab off the coast of New York.

Speaker 50 So the Plum Island Animal Disease Laboratory opened its doors in 1954.

Speaker 279 A source who worked on Plum Island in the 1950s recalls that animal handlers and a scientist released ticks outdoors on the island. They called him the Nazi scientist.

Speaker 279 In 1951, they were inoculating these ticks.

Speaker 274 It would take years before residents in the area would learn what was happening on Plum Island.

Speaker 228 And when locals found out, tensions were high.

Speaker 69 Nobody wanted a bioweapons lab in their backyard.

Speaker 91 Moral issues aside, what if some disease made it to the mainland?

Speaker 112 After all, about 10 million people live within 100 miles of the island.

Speaker 94 A lab leak would be catastrophic.

Speaker 92 But even when the government finally acknowledged the facility, they said that one, it wasn't researching bioweapons, and two, there's no way anything could escape the island.

Speaker 36 But here's the thing: those were both lies.

Speaker 343 This animal facility, since 1954, when it was actually inaugurated as a biological warfare facility by Nazi Germany's top germware officer, warfare officer, that we secretly imported to the United States, the goal was germ warfare.

Speaker 343 Is that true?

Speaker 342 It really was that a Nazi? A Nazi ran the place? An ex-Nazi?

Speaker 343 Yeah, his name was Eric Traub. We can find him in the depths of the National Archives and Record Administration where I found him.

Speaker 91 In 1971, a mysterious virus began decimating Cuba's pig population, threatening a major food source.

Speaker 50 Within two years, over 500,000 pigs had died or been slaughtered.

Speaker 46 The cause was African swine fever, a highly contagious and usually fatal virus.

Speaker 252 This was the first and only outbreak of swine fever in the Western Hemisphere.

Speaker 30 As a result of the epidemic, Cuba was forced to slaughter every pig on the island.

Speaker 50 How African swine flu got onto the island was a mystery. Well, a mystery to everyone except the Cubans.

Speaker 60 The Cuban government blamed the United States, specifically the CIA.

Speaker 210 After all, Operation Mongoose was well known to the Cubans.

Speaker 104 This was a covert operation initiated by the CIA in the early 1960s.

Speaker 111 Its primary objective was to remove Fidel Castro from power, and although they were never implemented, biological weapons were a part of this plan.

Speaker 12 The CIA had planned to spray botulinum toxin on the island.

Speaker 50 The justification for this is that it would save the lives of thousands of American soldiers.

Speaker 91 Cuban civilians wouldn't be so lucky.

Speaker 112 Botulinum toxin is one of the most potent toxins on Earth.

Speaker 24 Estimates put the casualty count at somewhere between 1 and 2% of the Cuban civilian population.

Speaker 50 We're talking hundreds of thousands dead.

Speaker 91 Now, luckily, Operation Mongoose ended and this never came to pass.

Speaker 99 But when a disease landed on Cuba out of nowhere, all signs pointed to the CIA.

Speaker 306 In 1977, Long Island newspaper Newsday reported two Cuban exiles admitted they were part of the plot.

Speaker 112 They said in early 1971, they were given the virus at Fort Gulick in Panama.

Speaker 252 They then traveled to Navassa Island near Cuba and smuggled the virus to the island.

Speaker 30 Now there is proof that the U.S.

Speaker 91 Navy was on Navassa Island in early 1971, but they claim this was a scientific mission, though the science they were researching was looking for animal diseases that could jump to humans.

Speaker 83 Now that might be a coincidence, but there's only one place in the Western Hemisphere that has live African swine flu.

Speaker 245 That's Plum Island.

Speaker 91 And the way African swine flu is transmitted?

Speaker 86 Through ticks.

Speaker 192 This was the exact method of biological attack that Eric Traub specialized in.

Speaker 43 Of course, the CIA denied all of this and still does, but it has to.

Speaker 87 Why does the CIA have to deny this?

Speaker 33 Well, this attack happened in 1971.

Speaker 48 President Richard Nixon ordered all bioweapon research to stop in 1969.

Speaker 252 So there's no way the CIA could have been involved, right?

Speaker 87 Oh, I know where this is going.

Speaker 136 But in 1975, a congressional report revealed that the CIA continued to maintain a stockpile of biological weapons, lots of them, in violation of the order.

Speaker 87 The CIA doesn't like to follow orders.

Speaker 133 No, they don't.

Speaker 50 And this was a terrifying prospect.

Speaker 136 Who is in charge of these dangerous bioweapons?

Speaker 91 With With no oversight, there's a high risk that one of these diseases could infect the population and we'd never see it coming.

Speaker 192 Turns out, that's exactly what happened.

Speaker 112 In 1975, Ronnie was working a security detail for a warehouse in Connecticut.

Speaker 231 During his shift, he walked the building, the parking lot, and the fence around the property.

Speaker 171 During one of his rounds, he felt a pinch on his ankle.

Speaker 112 He was breaking in a new pair of boots, and he knew he'd spend the next few nights nursing sore feet.

Speaker 94 When he got home, the first thing he did was strip off those damn boots and sure enough, he had a small red welt on his ankle.

Speaker 94 When he woke up the next morning, the small red welt had ballooned into a painful blister shaped like a bullseye.

Speaker 213 When he rubbed it, he felt a bump.

Speaker 199 He looked more closely.

Speaker 79 The bump was a bug, and it was alive.

Speaker 277 Ronnie grabbed a pair of tweezers, and when he pulled the bug out, it broke apart.

Speaker 286 A few days later, his joints started to ache and he felt sick.

Speaker 103 He thought he had caught the flu, but it wasn't the flu.

Speaker 109 In 1975, the small town of Old Lyme, Connecticut experienced an outbreak of a devastating new disease.

Speaker 133 Some people got rashes, some ran high fevers, others had painful, swollen joints.

Speaker 166 Some people had all these symptoms as well as headaches, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

Speaker 61 In severe cases, people were becoming delusional, experiencing psychosis, and becoming paralyzed.

Speaker 19 At first, doctors misdiagnosed the condition as a type of arthritis.

Speaker 181 They named it Lyme arthritis after the town that had the first outbreak.

Speaker 272 Two years later, scientists finally connected Lyme arthritis to the bite of a deer tick.

Speaker 95 A type of single-cell bacteria called Borrelia was to blame for what's now known as Lyme disease.

Speaker 91 As the reports of symptoms came in, these cases were placed on a map.

Speaker 198 A disturbing picture started to appear.

Speaker 218 Ground zero was Plum Island.

Speaker 95 This was another disease spread by ticks.

Speaker 94 This also has Eric Trabb's fingerprints all over it.

Speaker 112 But was the outbreak an accident?

Speaker 36 Or is the government conducting a test on the population without their knowledge?

Speaker 252 If it was a test, it wouldn't be the first time.

Speaker 24 In the 1930s, the Tuskegee experiment infected 400 men with syphilis to see how the disease affected black males.

Speaker 96 They were denied treatment.

Speaker 119 The U.S.

Speaker 95 government has infected prisoners with cow blood and exposed people to plutonium.

Speaker 344 It really was the Kmart of human experimentation from 1951 to 1974.

Speaker 149 Operation Seaspray was a secret test in 1950 where the government dropped bacteria on the entire city of San Francisco.

Speaker 91 In 1966, the Army released bacteria into the New York subway to simulate a biological attack.

Speaker 87 Hey, if you can make it there, you can make it anywhere.

Speaker 111 Project 112 and Project Shad infected thousands of military personnel with biological agents like BZ and nerve toxins like sarin gas.

Speaker 285 The tests themselves were a lot of smoke and the planes would let out a,

Speaker 285 it's like a smoke or gas type of thing and it would also cover the ship.

Speaker 335 The crew was given gas mess and told not to worry.

Speaker 56 They were exposed to toxic nerve gas at least 46 times.

Speaker 60 Nobody knows how many people were killed.

Speaker 154 The records are still mostly classified.

Speaker 300 And there are more, lots more.

Speaker 95 Tests without consent have been conducted as recently as the 1990s, many involving children.

Speaker 61 And that's just what's been exposed.

Speaker 238 Who knows how many more tests are still classified or if tests are still taking place?

Speaker 225 We do know that some civilians were exposed in tests that occurred in Hawaii, possibly in Alaska, and possibly in Florida.

Speaker 71 The military and intelligence community, of course, continue to deny any wrongdoing.

Speaker 50 They deny that bioweapon research was done at Plum Island, and they deny that Lyme disease was artificially created and released to the public.

Speaker 104 But denial is not good enough.

Speaker 83 We know the CIA and military violate orders time and time again, and we know they lie when they do it.

Speaker 92 So in 2019, Congressman Christopher Smith from New Jersey proposed an amendment to the 2020 Defense Bill.

Speaker 345 For years, Mr. Speaker, books and articles have been written credibly asserting that significant research at Fort Dietrich and Plum Island and elsewhere was conducted to turn ticks into bioweapons.

Speaker 345 Mr.

Speaker 345 Speaker, with Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases exploding in the United States, an estimated 300,000 to 427,000 cases, new cases each year, and 10 to 20% of those people with chronic Lyme, Americans have a right to know whether or not any of this is true.

Speaker 94 But what prompted this?

Speaker 286 Well, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease is called Borrelia bergdorferi, after Willie Bergdorfer, who discovered it.

Speaker 112 Now, Bergdorfer was widely known as a leading researcher in the scientific study of insects, and his discovery of Lyme disease was historic.

Speaker 271 But what's not widely known about Bergdorfer is that early in his career, he developed biological weapons for the U.S.

Speaker 311 military.

Speaker 96 Specifically, he weaponized ticks.

Speaker 181 And between 1966 and 1969, almost 300,000 research ticks

Speaker 78 got out.

Speaker 346 Dr.

Speaker 277 Willie Bergdorfer, the researcher who is credited with discovering Lyme disease.

Speaker 346 Turns out that Dr. Bergdofer was a bioweapons specialist.
The interviews, combined with access to Dr.

Speaker 346 Berkdofer's files, reveals that he and other bioweapons specialists stuffed ticks with pathogens in a quest that caused disability, disease, and death.

Speaker 188 Between 1966 and 1969, government researchers released 300,000 ticks into the wild.

Speaker 30 The ticks were irradiated so they could be tracked.

Speaker 87 300,000 irradiated ticks. What could possibly go wrong?

Speaker 1 Oh, plenty.

Speaker 252 One of the species released were lone star ticks.

Speaker 30 Lone star ticks are especially aggressive.

Speaker 94 Most tick species wait for prey by attaching to a blade of grass.

Speaker 252 When an animal brushes against it, the tick latches on.

Speaker 208 This is called questing.

Speaker 27 Lone star ticks are different.

Speaker 103 They don't wait.

Speaker 56 They actively hunt.

Speaker 210 They can smell the ammonia in sweat and the carbon dioxide from breath.

Speaker 71 They're the only ticks with eyes.

Speaker 347 Unlike other ticks, the lone star can bite multiple times. Even their young, called nymphs, can feed on humans.
Lone star ticks can go months without food. They can absorb water from the air.

Speaker 347 They can survive underwater. They can be frozen.
Female lone star ticks lay hundreds of thousands of eggs at a time.

Speaker 50 And scariest of all, lone star ticks swarm.

Speaker 76 They'll ball themselves up in groups of almost 10,000 ticks.

Speaker 290 And when an animal or person brushes up against a group, it means thousands of tick bites.

Speaker 30 And these ticks carry a lot of diseases.

Speaker 82 Rocky mountain spotted fever, early chiosis, tularemia, heartland virus, and on and on.

Speaker 112 A bite from a lone star tick can even trigger a delayed allergic reaction to meat.

Speaker 296 That tick bite leads to an allergic response to the alpha-gal sugar that's found in red meat.

Speaker 87 I wish they would invent a tick that gives you an allergic reaction to fish, huh?

Speaker 252 Now, forever, the lone star tick was confined to the southeast United States, but thousands were released in Virginia in the late 1960s.

Speaker 136 Since then, they've expanded to the entire eastern half of the United States, from Minnesota to Maine, down to Florida and all the way across Texas, and they're still moving.

Speaker 347 I was called to investigate an outbreak and I was horrified. I've studied ticks for 10 years and the number of lone star larvae I found was just astonishing.
They're everywhere.

Speaker 347 Every property that we have gone to, we've found lone star ticks. They're literally every place.
I hope this isn't the new normal, but I fear that they're exploding in numbers.

Speaker 348 The CDC says Alpha Gal syndrome, traditionally found in mid-Atlantic states, is spreading.

Speaker 348 110,000 suspected cases have been identified since 2010, but experts estimate the true number affected is closer to 450,000.

Speaker 27 Plum Island Island boasted how it was considered the safest virus lab in the world, until it wasn't.

Speaker 112 In 1978, foot and mouth disease did get out.

Speaker 232 Every animal on the island had to be cremated, but not before lunch.

Speaker 99 Wait, wait, wait.

Speaker 87 Did you just say lunch?

Speaker 104 Well, hey, even scientists working at a top-secret government germ lab got to eat.

Speaker 337 On kill day, the guys upstairs would carve up steaks from sirloins to pork chops. Not USDA grade A, but USDA grade V for virus.

Speaker 215 Everyone, to a man, would deny it.

Speaker 295 But we did it.

Speaker 337 We ate the meat.

Speaker 87 Ugh, I don't feel well.

Speaker 95 Yeah, not only is it gross to eat meat infected with foot and mouth disease, it's a little irresponsible.

Speaker 112 Now, FMD isn't dangerous to humans, but this speaks to shoddy conditions at Plum Island.

Speaker 171 After the foot and mouth breakout, the USDA inspected the facility.

Speaker 112 They wrote a 190-page report detailing how mismanaged it was. They found leaking roofs, leaking walls, steel beams rusted through.

Speaker 92 They found an incinerator lying in a ditch half filled with dirty water.

Speaker 171 And soon after this, there was an outbreak of Rift Valley fever on the island.

Speaker 36 Weaponized RVF was being tested by infecting mosquitoes.

Speaker 50 Some mosquitoes got out and bit the scientists.

Speaker 24 Now luckily, they knew how to treat it, but if those mosquitoes got off the island and made it to shore, Rift Valley fever presents like the flu, but if you don't treat it, it kills you.

Speaker 112 In 2002, 76 Plum Island workers went on strike.

Speaker 50 Scabs were brought in to replace them, and it did not go well.

Speaker 274 The FBI conducted an investigation and found all kinds of issues.

Speaker 19 A 600-gallon container of liquid nitrogen somehow fell off one of the island's ferries.

Speaker 91 Hundreds of gallons of oil and chemicals were spilled all over the island.

Speaker 36 Two workers drove off with a minivan and didn't come back.

Speaker 95 The van was later found, but whatever was in it was gone.

Speaker 24 And failing to learn from their mistakes, two years later, there were two more outbreaks of foot and mouth disease on Plum Island.

Speaker 103 In New Haven, Connecticut, a worker at Yale University's Arbovirus lab became infected with Sebillavirus.

Speaker 171 This virus causes extremely high fevers and internal bleeding.

Speaker 83 So he got infected, went home, and took a trip to Boston.

Speaker 149 If anyone got sick, that information is not public.

Speaker 92 More recently, a Fort Dietrich researcher accidentally stuck herself with a needle containing Ebola.

Speaker 252 These breakdowns in security of facilities like Plum Island prompted a nationwide investigation.

Speaker 85 But a 2007 report revealed that 113 bioweapon-capable labs around the United States refused to comply with inspections.

Speaker 48 And this is not just a violation of federal law, it's a violation of the Geneva Conventions.

Speaker 50 But President George W.

Speaker 94 Bush granted the facilities amnesty from inspections, and Congress agreed.

Speaker 273 Wait, wait, wait, wait.

Speaker 87 The United States can decide when it doesn't want to follow the Geneva Conventions? No. But it decides anyway.
Yes. And other countries don't complain.

Speaker 228 Oh, they complain, but.

Speaker 87 But if you want those billions of financial aid to keep flowing, shut your eye.

Speaker 1 Bingo.

Speaker 96 Biological weapons were banned in 1925 by the Geneva Protocol, but the United States refused to sign it.

Speaker 36 It wasn't until Richard Nixon banned bioweapons research that the U.S.

Speaker 111 agreed to a worldwide ban.

Speaker 91 The U.S.

Speaker 36 finally signed the Geneva Protocol in 1975.

Speaker 87 Somebody let the CIA know.

Speaker 51 These scary events happened in relatively small labs around the country, with maybe a few dozen to a few hundred employees.

Speaker 30 Can you imagine what would happen if there was a leak at the CDC with 10,000 employees?

Speaker 87 Whoa, the CDC had a leak?

Speaker 82 A leak? No.

Speaker 222 Oh, thank God.

Speaker 43 They've had dozens. Oh, no.

Speaker 119 In May 2012, 24-year-old Amy Copeland and a few friends were ziplining near the Tallapoosa River in Georgia.

Speaker 185 During one of Amy's runs, she heard a snap.

Speaker 109 The zipline broke and she fell into the creek below.

Speaker 272 She landed on sharp rocks and cut her leg pretty badly.

Speaker 95 She went through routine surgery, but over the next two days developed a fever and severe pain.

Speaker 43 Amy was infected with Aromonis hydrophila, a rare type of flesh-eating bacteria.

Speaker 35 This bacteria moves faster than antibiotics can work, so the only way to remove it is to remove the limbs it infects.

Speaker 27 So you have to move fast.

Speaker 76 Amy survived, but lost both hands, both feet, and her entire left leg.

Speaker 95 But suddenly, more cases of this rare disease were popping up.

Speaker 150 Georgia, South Carolina, northern Florida.

Speaker 91 When looking at these cases on a map, people started asking, how secure is the CDC building in Atlanta?

Speaker 271 Well, not as secure as you'd hope.

Speaker 188 In June of 2012, just weeks after Amy Copeland's accident, it was reported that the CDC building in Atlanta had an airflow problem.

Speaker 24 Rather than drawing clean air into a contaminated lab, it was blowing contaminated air out.

Speaker 97 Dirty Germany air?

Speaker 1 Yep.

Speaker 91 In that building, they study SARS, monkeypox, and anthrax.

Speaker 97 Ooh, the heavy metal band?

Speaker 79 The disease.

Speaker 87 Ah, that makes more sense.

Speaker 92 While transporting samples, about 80 employees in Atlanta may have been exposed to live anthrax.

Speaker 87 Live anthrax? So you mean like in concert?

Speaker 35 Still the disease. Ah, right.

Speaker 50 About a year later, it was found that the CDC was storing anthrax in unlocked refrigerators in unrestricted areas.

Speaker 112 At least five times, the CDC improperly handled and shipped deadly pathogens to different labs around the country.

Speaker 135 Anthrax, botulism, and bird flu.

Speaker 136 About a week after this report, old vials of smallpox were discovered in a building on the Bethesda campus of the National Institutes of Health.

Speaker 76 And this was after the NIH promised to do better.

Speaker 222 Better than what?

Speaker 10 Well, about a year before, a deadly bacteria got out and 12 people died.

Speaker 181 In 2016, investigations show more CDC safety lapses with storing and handling anthrax and Ebola, from software errors to power outages to sealing doors with duct tape.

Speaker 87 Did you just say they use duct tape to keep in deadly viruses?

Speaker 183 Yep.

Speaker 195 And this goes on and on.

Speaker 91 And these are just the instances we know about.

Speaker 112 It's not like the CDC issues a press release every time there's a security failure.

Speaker 92 Most of these discoveries were made with freedom of information requests from citizens.

Speaker 91 These types of leaks and failures do happen, and they happen more frequently than most people think.

Speaker 95 These safety problems are at the CDC in Atlanta, one of the most secure facilities on the planet.

Speaker 1 If a leak can happen there, they can happen in other places.

Speaker 87 Yeah, Chinese places.

Speaker 135 Well, let's not single out any specific country.

Speaker 43 Sheep.

Speaker 181 Look, just because that rare flesh-eating bacteria is not so rare anymore, I'm not saying it came from the CDC.

Speaker 91 And Lyme disease probably wasn't created on Plum Island because there's evidence it existed for a long time.

Speaker 76 You know, Otzie, the 5,000-year-old mummy who was found in the Alps?

Speaker 91 Well, his DNA showed evidence of Lyme disease.

Speaker 156 But the outbreak of Lyme disease does coincide with research into weaponizing ticks, and the expansion of lone star ticks does coincide with the uncontrolled releases of thousands of them in the late 1960s.

Speaker 271 Dr.

Speaker 91 Willie Bergdorfer, before he died, did kind of say that Lyme disease was a research experiment gone wrong.

Speaker 1 Maybe.

Speaker 50 He had advanced Parkinson's, so it's really hard to tell what he was saying.

Speaker 103 But there are people who believe that there's no question about it.

Speaker 101 Books like Lab 257 by Michael Christopher Carroll and Bitten by Chris Newby lay out a very convincing case.

Speaker 112 Now there's plenty of evidence, but evidence isn't proof.

Speaker 50 And researching this episode was stressful.

Speaker 36 The idea that the government has tested bioweapons on its citizens is upsetting enough, but what's really scary is how sloppy the security is in our labs.

Speaker 50 I had no idea it was this bad. And given what's happened over the past couple of years, We need to pay attention.

Speaker 195 If you have one of these labs near you, get to know your congressman.

Speaker 76 Demand that lab safety protocols are made public.

Speaker 91 Demand to know the result of any safety investigations.

Speaker 82 Now they're not going to tell you any of that, but if they know we're watching, they'll pay closer attention to safety procedures.

Speaker 219 We hope.

Speaker 82 And look, if you're in the New York or Boston area, you can stop worrying about Plum Island.

Speaker 95 It's scheduled to be closed at the end of this year.

Speaker 210 But the work currently being performed there will continue.

Speaker 49 It'll just take place at a new facility in Kansas, in the middle of the country, in the middle of America's food supply.

Speaker 82 Bonapet.

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Speaker 292 What's next in kidney care is almost here. Join us as we work to cross the finish line at unecisive.com.

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Speaker 6 It's controversial to say, but I'm pretty sure Lyme disease was a military experiment gone wrong. And I'm not the only one who feels this way.

Speaker 6 There have been quite a few books published exactly on that subject, laying out the proof.

Speaker 7 In fact, I used those books in the episode.

Speaker 25 But I never in a million years expect the U.S.

Speaker 6 government to admit that they did this. But what about the crimes that the government has admitted to?

Speaker 23 This happened in 2007 with a huge CIA document dump.

Speaker 6 And buried in those pages are some of the darkest and most heinous crimes in history. This is episode 189: The CIA Family Jewels.

Speaker 244 On June 25th, 2007, the CIA quietly released 693 pages of their darkest secrets to the website.

Speaker 184 No announcement, no press conference, just a document dump of operations so illegal they've been hidden since 1973.

Speaker 177 The CIA called this collection their family jewels.

Speaker 180 Assassination plots, mind control experiments, journalists on CIA payroll, surveillance of hundreds of thousands of Americans who'd committed no crimes.

Speaker 208 These weren't conspiracy theories, these were real.

Speaker 5 Each page of the family jewels revealed operations approved at the highest levels, operations that violated every law meant to constrain the CIA.

Speaker 244 And taken together, they revealed something darker than isolated crimes.

Speaker 294 They told a story.

Speaker 296 The story of the family jewels is the story of the real CIA.

Speaker 178 The story of the family jewels didn't start in 2007.

Speaker 247 It starts in 1973 when the walls started closing in on the CIA.

Speaker 294 On May 9th, James Schlesinger had been CIA director for only three months, and his timing couldn't have been worse.

Speaker 244 The Watergate break-in scandal was spreading.

Speaker 5 The five intruders were all connected to the CIA, some as officers, some as assets.

Speaker 18 The planners of the break-in were E.

Speaker 291 Howard Hunt and G.

Speaker 226 Gordon Liddy.

Speaker 333 Hunt was former CIA.

Speaker 291 Liddy was former FBI with a background in intelligence. Congress and the press were asking questions the CIA didn't want to answer, but the director had a problem.

Speaker 178 He didn't know what his own agency had done.

Speaker 5 He knew there were secrets buried that could destroy them if ever discovered, so he issued an order to every department head.

Speaker 178 report any activity that may have violated the CIA's charter.

Speaker 226 This was supposed to be a routine investigation, a way to get the agency out of the headlines.

Speaker 264 The rumors were bad.

Speaker 296 He had no idea that the truth was much worse.

Speaker 18 One department admitted to opening mail between the U.S.

Speaker 184 and Soviet Union.

Speaker 7 28 million letters over 20 years were illegally opened and scanned.

Speaker 294 The Office of Security confessed to wiretapping American journalists who had been asking too many questions.

Speaker 296 Every department submitted reports.

Speaker 278 Every report was worse than the last.

Speaker 36 There were disclosures of surveillance operations, not against foreign spies, against Americans.

Speaker 25 Anyone who questioned authority was a CIA target.

Speaker 177 Some programs were classified secret, then top secret.

Speaker 7 But operations classified eyes only were so secret, details couldn't be written down.

Speaker 90 They were labeled sensitive operation, details available orally only.

Speaker 184 Others had code names that revealed nothing.

Speaker 26 MH Chaos, HT Lingual, MKOfton.

Speaker 294 Week after week, the secrets poured in.

Speaker 208 Programs everyone thought were conspiracy theories.

Speaker 84 The binder was getting heavy.

Speaker 49 By summer, it was several inches thick.

Speaker 7 Almost 700 pages of CIA misconduct.

Speaker 105 But these weren't occasional mistakes.

Speaker 5 They were approved, funded, and executed.

Speaker 10 In other words, decades of illegal CIA operation was official policy.

Speaker 184 This was a report that could destroy the agency.

Speaker 11 And then it leaked.

Speaker 247 not from a spy, but from a journalist who believed in transparency.

Speaker 7 But he had no idea he was about to expose the biggest intelligence scandal in American history.

Speaker 106 And as soon as the CIA caught wind of his investigation, he became the agency's biggest threat and knew his target.

Speaker 244 The journalist who would expose it all was no stranger to government lies.

Speaker 177 Seymour Hirsch had already won a Pulitzer Prize in 1969 for exposing the My Lai massacre, where American soldiers slaughtered hundreds of Vietnamese civilians.

Speaker 298 The Pentagon tried to bury that story.

Speaker 191 Hirsch dragged it into the light.

Speaker 298 By December 1974, Hirsch was at the New York Times, and he'd been hearing whispers from former CIA officers about domestic surveillance programs, programs that weren't supposed to exist.

Speaker 244 The CIA's charter was crystal clear, no domestic operations, no spying on American citizens, period.

Speaker 18 But his sources were telling him the opposite, that the CIA was running a massive operation against Americans.

Speaker 201 On December 22nd, 1974, the Times ran Hirsch's story on the front page.

Speaker 349 The article detailed a massive intelligence operation with files on 10,000 American citizens, not foreign agents, not terrorists, Americans, anti-war activists, civil rights leaders, journalists, even members of Congress.

Speaker 12 The backlash was instant.

Speaker 21 The public was outraged, and the press wouldn't let it go.

Speaker 184 The next morning, the Department of Justice announced an investigation, and CIA Director William Colby was summoned to Air Force One to brief President Ford personally.

Speaker 90 President Ford's solution was damage control, control the narrative.

Speaker 7 Vice President Nelson Rockefeller would lead a commission to investigate.

Speaker 298 Quick, clean, controlled.

Speaker 291 The scandal would finally be contained.

Speaker 226 But it backfired.

Speaker 247 The commission not only confirmed everything Hirsch reported, they found more.

Speaker 175 The CIA had conducted break-ins against American citizens, bugged their homes, opened their mail, tapped their phones, even tested biological weapons on Americans without their knowledge.

Speaker 244 The agency wasn't just violating its charter, it was breaking the law.

Speaker 105 And every target was an American citizen on American soil.

Speaker 331 The agency does monitor foreign communications.

Speaker 315 How do you define foreign communications?

Speaker 314 I think it is communications that go abroad or are abroad.

Speaker 110 I think they are.

Speaker 314 Does it involve a United States citizen at one end?

Speaker 314 On some occasions, that cannot be separated from

Speaker 314 the traffic that is being monitored, I believe.

Speaker 244 These operations weren't the work of rogue agents.

Speaker 5 They were approved at the highest levels.

Speaker 226 by CIA directors, by the Pentagon, by former presidents, and vice presidents.

Speaker 330 It turned turned out that most of these abuses really could be trailed back to the president and the NSC.

Speaker 183 They initiated them, they knew about them.

Speaker 330 In some cases, for example, assassinations, Eisenhower was the first to suggest it.

Speaker 110 And so

Speaker 330 this was really not a rogue

Speaker 330 president, I mean a rogue agency. This was in some respects a rogue presidency.

Speaker 298 Congress knew they needed their own investigation.

Speaker 184 Senator Frank Church was chosen to lead what would become the most extensive investigation of intelligence activities ever conducted.

Speaker 293 And the church committee had something the president's commission didn't, subpoena power, the power to force anyone involved to testify.

Speaker 298 No hiding behind national security, no I can neither confirm nor deny.

Speaker 202 Tell the truth or go to jail. For the first time in history, the CIA would have to reveal their covert operations under oath and on the record.

Speaker 184 And what they revealed shocked everyone, because any American could be a target.

Speaker 244 And as the investigation continued, that list of American targets kept getting longer and longer.

Speaker 178 The church committee's first major discovery was Operation Chaos, known by its cryptonym, MH Chaos.

Speaker 184 Started in 1967 under President Johnson and expanded under Nixon.

Speaker 175 The mission was simple, find foreign influence in the anti-war movement, prove that Moscow or Beijing were behind the protests.

Speaker 51 They never found any foreign influence, not one case.

Speaker 247 The anti-war movement was made up of Americans, but they kept looking for communists and the program kept growing.

Speaker 21 By 1973, chaos had indexed 300,000 Americans in its computer system.

Speaker 12 Not suspected spies, not foreign agents, Americans exercising their First Amendment rights.

Speaker 185 college students, clergy, professors, journalists, anyone who questioned the Vietnam War was a potential target.

Speaker 223 Richard Olber ran the operation.

Speaker 53 He worked under James Jesus Angleton, the CIA's counterintelligence chief.

Speaker 184 Angleton had built his own empire within the CIA.

Speaker 7 He was brilliant, paranoid, and convinced that enemies were everywhere.

Speaker 12 The CIA was designed to protect America from foreign threats, but Angleton had turned those weapons inward against his own citizens.

Speaker 46 They used a sophisticated computer system to track everyone.

Speaker 52 It cross-referenced every name mentioned in every intelligence report.

Speaker 177 Feed in one name, get connections to dozens more, like a spider web expanding outward.

Speaker 146 7,200 Americans had dedicated files.

Speaker 278 Their mail was opened and their phones were tapped without a warrant.

Speaker 294 Their trash was searched.

Speaker 11 CIA agents infiltrated their organizations, attended their meetings, recorded their conversations.

Speaker 317 The documents described domestic spying, opening of private mail, and the investigation of journalists. Agents watched former Washington Post reporter Michael Gettler for three months in 1971.

Speaker 331 They were watching who I was talking to.

Speaker 268 They took pictures of who I was having lunch with.

Speaker 331 They actually took pictures

Speaker 220 through the picture window of our home.

Speaker 317 CIA employees have nicknamed the documents the family jewels.

Speaker 278 Over 1,000 organizations were monitored.

Speaker 244 Not just protest groups.

Speaker 43 The CIA watched Jewish organizations.

Speaker 12 The Israeli embassy was watched.

Speaker 244 When asked why, one CIA officer said they were looking for radical Jewish elements.

Speaker 12 American Jews practicing their faith, supporting Israel, were watched by their own government.

Speaker 294 And chaos wasn't alone.

Speaker 201 Merrimack infiltrated protest groups around Washington, D.C.

Speaker 178 Operation Resistance collected information on draft resistors.

Speaker 26 H.T.

Speaker 18 Lingual, an earlier operation, was still running, and that was opening and photographing mail between Americans and foreign countries.

Speaker 208 The CIA didn't just target protesters, it also watched members of Congress.

Speaker 248 Bella Abzug from New York, Patsy Mink from Hawaii.

Speaker 7 A total of 14 members of Congress were on the CIA's watch list for being vocal critics of the Vietnam War.

Speaker 177 The violations were systemic. Every person who spoke out against the war, every group that organized a protest, every publication that questioned policy, all of them ended up in the computer system.

Speaker 114 Names, addresses, associates, activities, everything cataloged and cross-referenced.

Speaker 53 They turned spying into a science.

Speaker 298 But sometimes watching isn't enough.

Speaker 184 Sometimes they needed boots on the ground.

Speaker 57 Sometimes direct action had to be used against American citizens.

Speaker 184 The CIA needed an agency willing to get their hands dirty.

Speaker 247 And they found the perfect partner, the FBI.

Speaker 248 When it came to crushing Americans' Americans' First Amendment rights, the CIA and the FBI were perfect partners. The CIA surveilled dissent, and the FBI dismantled it.

Speaker 226 The program was called COINTELPRO, short for counterintelligence program.

Speaker 244 Officially, it targeted domestic subversives.

Speaker 5 Unofficially, it was a war on the First Amendment.

Speaker 244 Civil rights leaders were tracked.

Speaker 333 Activists were harassed.

Speaker 298 Some were imprisoned.

Speaker 294 Some were killed.

Speaker 244 One of the FBI's favorite targets was Martin Luther King Jr.

Speaker 175 J. Edgar Hoover had been watching Dr.

Speaker 208 King since December 1955.

Speaker 244 The Montgomery bus boycott had just started.

Speaker 7 The young minister was making headlines.

Speaker 177 Hoover ordered surveillance, and that surveillance would continue for the next 12 years, right up until Dr.

Speaker 21 King was assassinated in Memphis.

Speaker 5 And the FBI didn't just tap his phones.

Speaker 178 They bugged his home, his offices, every hotel room he stayed in.

Speaker 333 They had agents follow him 24 hours a day.

Speaker 178 They knew where he was every minute, who he talked to, what he said.

Speaker 244 They recorded everything.

Speaker 244 The FBI tried to prove he was a communist.

Speaker 26 They couldn't.

Speaker 293 They tried to link him to foreign agents.

Speaker 7 There was no evidence.

Speaker 20 What they found was a man who loved his country and believed in its founding principles: justice, equality, the promises America made but hadn't kept.

Speaker 351 Because I have a dream

Speaker 351 that my four little children

Speaker 351 will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.

Speaker 5 And I consider Dr. Martin Luther King one of the greatest Americans who ever lived.

Speaker 190 But greatness doesn't equal perfection.

Speaker 244 Dr.

Speaker 18 King struggled with infidelity, so J.

Speaker 25 Edgar Hoover got personal.

Speaker 244 On November 21st, 21st, 1964, an unmarked package arrived at King's home.

Speaker 7 His wife, Coretta, opened it.

Speaker 184 Inside was a tape and a letter.

Speaker 106 The tape contained the hotel recordings.

Speaker 178 The letter was unsigned.

Speaker 177 It called Dr.

Speaker 145 King names that I won't repeat here.

Speaker 175 But the final paragraph was clear.

Speaker 244 King, there is only one thing left for you to do.

Speaker 178 You know what it is.

Speaker 296 You have 34 days. 34 days.

Speaker 184 Dr. King was scheduled to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 35 days.

Speaker 296 The letter was telling him to kill himself, or the FBI would destroy him publicly.

Speaker 201 The letter was likely written by William Sullivan, the FBI's assistant director, but the government has never admitted this.

Speaker 175 But the church committee found the evidence.

Speaker 12 A draft was in Sullivan's files.

Speaker 175 COINTELPRO conducted over 2,000 documented actions.

Speaker 296 They forged letters to create conflicts, planted negative stories in newspapers, sent people to prison on false charges, incited violence between groups, destroyed marriages, ruined careers, drove people to suicide.

Speaker 145 The CIA watched, the FBI destroyed.

Speaker 11 But controlling people through force wasn't enough.

Speaker 291 They wanted to control people without realizing they were being manipulated.

Speaker 5 To do that, they deployed an even more powerful weapon, the media.

Speaker 298 There's a reason that protecting the press shows up right in the First Amendment.

Speaker 21 The founding fathers knew knew that democracy needs watchdogs.

Speaker 244 The press was supposed to hold the powerful accountable.

Speaker 201 Instead, the press became their mouthpiece.

Speaker 184 The CIA had been manipulating journalists since the early 1950s.

Speaker 84 Now we know this as Operation Mockingbird, but there was no official name for it.

Speaker 248 Inside the agency, Frank Wisner, who ran covert operations, called it his mighty wurlitzer, a massive organ that would play any tune you wanted.

Speaker 175 It started in the early days of the Cold War under Alan Dulles.

Speaker 350 The CIA needed to influence public opinion against the Soviets, and major news organizations were more than happy to help.

Speaker 203 Publishers, editors, reporters, a few were patriots who thought they were serving their country.

Speaker 104 Some enjoyed playing spy.

Speaker 183 And some journalists had no agenda at all.

Speaker 15 They just

Speaker 184 liked the money.

Speaker 184 Do you have any

Speaker 184 people

Speaker 184 being paid

Speaker 184 by

Speaker 63 the CIA

Speaker 63 who are contributing

Speaker 63 to a major circulation American journal. We do have people who submit pieces to other, two American journals.

Speaker 106 More than 400 American journalists had secretly carried out assignments for the CIA for 25 years.

Speaker 116 And not small-town papers.

Speaker 244 These were reporters at the New York Times, CBS, Time Magazine, Newsweek, the AP, Reuters, Washington Post, the biggest names in American media.

Speaker 350 Some journalists were full CIA employees using journalism as cover, and the publishers knew.

Speaker 140 Arthur Hayes Salzberg at the New York Times, William Paley at CBS, they cooperated directly with the CIA.

Speaker 7 When the agency needed a story planted, they'd make a call.

Speaker 296 The story would run.

Speaker 7 When they needed a story killed, another call.

Speaker 30 The story would go away.

Speaker 325 We are extremely proud of the quality, balanced journalism that CityS4 News produces.

Speaker 110 But we are concerned about trouble in treating irresponsible, one-sided news stories plaguing our country.

Speaker 317 Plaguing our country.

Speaker 7 The New York Times gave CIA employees press credentials.

Speaker 25 They posed as reporters while conducting intelligence operations.

Speaker 54 Journalists spied on foreign leaders.

Speaker 177 They carried money to CIA assets.

Speaker 65 They provided their hotel rooms for secret meetings.

Speaker 184 When the CIA overthrew governments in Iran and Guatemala, the American press explained why it was necessary. When the agency needed support for the Vietnam War, headlines appeared.

Speaker 223 The American people thought they were reading news.

Speaker 244 They were reading CIA propaganda.

Speaker 284 The sharing of biased and false news has become all too common on social media.

Speaker 318 More alarming, some media outlets publish the same fake stories without checking facts first.

Speaker 317 The sharing of biased and false newsletters.

Speaker 63 False news has become all too common on social media.

Speaker 110 More alarming means some media outlets

Speaker 110 because they publish state stories basically are true without checking facts first.

Speaker 110 Unfortunately, some members of the CIA use their platforms to socialize their own personal bias and agenda controls.

Speaker 6 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy.

Speaker 172 The church committee exposed this collaboration.

Speaker 175 Bernstein documented it, but nothing really changed.

Speaker 12 Because once you control the news, you control the narrative.

Speaker 341 You control what people think.

Speaker 25 And that power is too valuable to give up.

Speaker 177 But even total control of information has limits.

Speaker 12 To truly control a population, you need to control their minds directly.

Speaker 51 And one CIA scientist believed he'd found the way.

Speaker 21 Controlling the news wasn't enough.

Speaker 298 The CIA wanted to control minds directly, not through propaganda or manipulation, through chemistry, through torture.

Speaker 57 through techniques that would break a person's mind so they could rebuild it.

Speaker 11 The program was called MKUltra, run by Sidney Gottlieb, the CIA's chief chemist.

Speaker 201 His colleagues called him the Black Sorcerer.

Speaker 244 From 1953 to 1973, Gottlieb had unlimited funds and zero oversight.

Speaker 145 His mission, develop mind control techniques for the CIA.

Speaker 5 And MKUltra wasn't one program.

Speaker 298 It was 149 sub-projects.

Speaker 184 80 institutions were involved.

Speaker 201 44 colleges and universities, 15 research foundations, 12 hospitals, 185 private researchers. Georgetown University Hospital got $375,000 to run a hospital safe house.

Speaker 5 The CIA would bring subjects there, dose them with LSD, watch them for days, record everything.

Speaker 21 One mental patient was given LSD for 174 consecutive days.

Speaker 178 His name was never recorded.

Speaker 12 What happened to him was never documented.

Speaker 177 He was just one test subject among thousands.

Speaker 352 Between the years of 1957 and 1984, I became a part in a government government scheme whose ultimate goal was mind control and to create the perfect spy, all through the use of chemicals, radiation, drugs, hypnosis, electric shock, isolation in tubs of water, sleep deprivation, brainwashing, verbal, physical, emotional, and sexual abuse.

Speaker 84 Operation Midnight Climax was an interesting sub-project.

Speaker 25 The CIA set up brothels in San Francisco and New York, two-way mirrors in every room.

Speaker 7 Prostitutes on CIA payroll would bring men back, slip LSD into their drinks, and CIA officers would watch from behind the mirrors.

Speaker 191 They photographed everything.

Speaker 106 The men never knew they'd been drugged.

Speaker 350 They went home to their families thinking they'd lost their minds.

Speaker 278 Dr.

Speaker 18 Ewan Cameron ran experiments at Allen Memorial Institute in Montreal.

Speaker 349 He called it deep patterning, erasing minds through torture.

Speaker 106 Patients were put in drug-induced comas for weeks, given electric shock at 30 times normal intensity, and forced to listen to recorded messages for 16 hours a day.

Speaker 298 Some victims forgot their families.

Speaker 5 They forgot their names.

Speaker 146 Their entire lives were erased.

Speaker 352 I was exploited unwittingly for nearly three decades of my life and the only explanations given to me were that, quote, the end justifies the means and quote, I was serving my country in their bold effort to fight communism.

Speaker 352 I can only summarize my circumstances by saying they took an already abused seven-year-old child and compounded my my suffering beyond belief.

Speaker 352 The saddest part is, I know for a fact that I was not alone.

Speaker 352 There were countless other children in my same situation, and there was no one to help us. I know for a fact that I was not alone.

Speaker 201 Then there was Frank Olson, a scientist working in MKUltra.

Speaker 7 He expressed ethical concerns about the CIA's methods.

Speaker 175 He told a supervisor he wanted to resign.

Speaker 106 A few days later, Gottley's team slipped LSD into Olson's drink at a CIA retreat.

Speaker 177 On November 28th, 1953, nine days after being dosed, Olson went through a 10th floor hotel window.

Speaker 5 The CIA said he jumped.

Speaker 141 Suicide.

Speaker 175 Case closed.

Speaker 202 For 20 years, Gottlieb ran MKUltra with very little oversight and a tremendous amount of power.

Speaker 175 But now, Congress was asking questions.

Speaker 25 If MKUltra got exposed, it would be a huge problem.

Speaker 178 So Sidney Gottlieb came up with a solution.

Speaker 5 He ordered all Ultra records destroyed.

Speaker 7 Thousands of documents, 20 years of experiments into the fire.

Speaker 26 Well, most of them, anyway.

Speaker 244 This is usually the part of the story where I debunk whatever myth or legend we've explored today.

Speaker 12 Except everything in this episode is true.

Speaker 184 Sorry if it wasn't super fun, but I think these episodes are important to do from time to time.

Speaker 7 And this Family Jewels episode is just one in a series. So before you ask,

Speaker 201 yes, I'm uncomfortable doing this.

Speaker 220 Are the most problematic?

Speaker 315 Most problematic for me are probably the

Speaker 315 CIA ones. The one I did that ended with the Agent Orange kind of expose was a kind of a dangerous one.
It was the dark history of DARPA and all the bad stuff that DARPA's done

Speaker 315 since its founding.

Speaker 113 It's done some horrible, horrible, horrible stuff.

Speaker 315 And that was an episode I was afraid to release.

Speaker 205 There's been a couple of those.

Speaker 315 MK Ultra is kind of afraid to release, because I name names.

Speaker 333 All of these CIA operations deserve their own episode.

Speaker 175 And I've covered some of them.

Speaker 84 If you want more detail, links are below.

Speaker 5 And there's plenty more to cover.

Speaker 106 But there's one I stay away from, Operation Mockingbird.

Speaker 175 Mockingbird exposed how tight the media is with the intelligence community.

Speaker 7 I haven't covered this because it's clearly still going on.

Speaker 25 Twitter, Facebook, and other social media platforms have already been exposed as either working with or being coerced by the FBI and other government agencies. This is fact.

Speaker 25 And if you follow TV news personalities closely, you'll see that a few are still on the CIA's payroll.

Speaker 84 I know their names, but I won't say them here.

Speaker 5 You'll know who I mean if you pay attention.

Speaker 18 Now, chaos really did index 300,000 Americans.

Speaker 23 That's also a fact.

Speaker 18 Fred Hampton was drugged by the FBI and murdered in his bed by local police, coordinated by the FBI.

Speaker 191 That's a fact.

Speaker 5 Frank Olson didn't jump from that hotel window.

Speaker 12 He had blunt force trauma to his head before he fell.

Speaker 175 No cuts from window glass.

Speaker 184 His family received $750,000 in hush money.

Speaker 7 The CIA admitted drugging him with LSD nine days before his death, but that's about it.

Speaker 175 There's a link below to the full story.

Speaker 105 The Family Jewels documents expose a lot of CIA secrets, but some mysteries are still unexplained.

Speaker 18 Item one in the Family Jewels is completely redacted.

Speaker 184 The whole thing is blacked out.

Speaker 175 And after everything else they revealed, assassinations, mind control, surveillance,

Speaker 176 what could be worse?

Speaker 177 What could be in there?

Speaker 264 I'm not sure we'll ever find out.

Speaker 291 I'm not sure we even want to know.

Speaker 21 Sidney Gottlieb destroyed most MK Ultra records in 1973.

Speaker 175 We only know what survived because of budget files.

Speaker 264 How many subjects, how many people died, what techniques actually worked?

Speaker 226 We'll never know.

Speaker 296 The CIA made sure of that.

Speaker 5 And by the way, Gottlieb was never held accountable for any of it. Links below to more.

Speaker 244 And programs like these don't disappear.

Speaker 253 They evolve.

Speaker 291 They even get legalized.

Speaker 294 After 9-11, Congress passed the Patriot Act.

Speaker 244 Suddenly, what got the CIA in trouble in the 1970s became standard procedure.

Speaker 247 Mass surveillance?

Speaker 26 Legal.

Speaker 84 Collecting data on Americans without warrants? Legal.

Speaker 12 With a FISA court rubber stamp.

Speaker 298 Those secret courts approve 99.97% of government surveillance requests.

Speaker 224 That's not oversight.

Speaker 296 That's theater.

Speaker 145 Both parties voted for it. Both parties renewed it.

Speaker 11 Republicans championed it under Bush.

Speaker 244 Democrats expanded it under Obama.

Speaker 5 Trump reauthorized it.

Speaker 178 Biden extended it again.

Speaker 244 Every few years, they pretend to debate it.

Speaker 61 then they quietly renew it because once government gets a power, it never gives it back.

Speaker 293 What took Operation Chaos years to collect on 300,000 Americans, the NSA now collects on everyone in minutes.

Speaker 5 Phone records, email metadata, internet searches, financial transactions.

Speaker 279 Does the NSA collect any type of data at all on millions or hundreds of millions of Americans?

Speaker 219 No, sir.

Speaker 217 Verizon offers its telephone customers what's called the Share Everything Plan.

Speaker 217 Well, the irony of that did not escape a lot of folks today when it was revealed that Verizon has been sharing the phone records of millions with U.S. intelligence.

Speaker 217 And sources tell us this evening that surveillance extended to the internet as well.

Speaker 255 The government is spying on even more of our online activities than anyone imagined.

Speaker 255 New leaks describe a program allowing the government to snoop into a wide range of activity most Americans believe should be protected.

Speaker 328 The National Security Agency is operating a massive database system that allows analysts to scour individuals' emails, Facebook chats, and internet browsing histories at will.

Speaker 18 Exposing the CIA's family jewels should have been a cautionary tale, a warning. Instead, the intelligence community turned this into a series of tests.

Speaker 244 They tested the American people to see how many laws they would be allowed to break.

Speaker 7 They tested us to see what freedoms we would surrender.

Speaker 244 They tested us to see if we would hold anyone accountable.

Speaker 177 The CIA, FBI, and our entire intelligence apparatus has been testing us for 50 years.

Speaker 190 And for 50 years, we the people have failed every test.

Speaker 175 So what can we do?

Speaker 5 Probably nothing.

Speaker 190 The last person to openly say the CIA needed an overhaul was John F.

Speaker 144 Kennedy.

Speaker 9 How'd that work out?

Speaker 331 President Kennedy died at 1 p.m.

Speaker 205 Central Standard Time.

Speaker 6 Thank you so much for hanging out with me today. My name is AJ.

Speaker 1 There's Hecklefish. Hi there.
Hello.

Speaker 329 You're quiet today.

Speaker 87 But I wanted to see if you can carry things on your own for once.

Speaker 256 Oh, yeah, how'd I do?

Speaker 28 High praise.

Speaker 35 This has been the Y Files.

Speaker 76 Get fun or learn anything.

Speaker 6 Do us a favor, hit like, subscribe, comment, share.

Speaker 26 That stuff allegedly still helps the channel, but I'm not really sure anymore.

Speaker 6 Like most topics we cover on the channel, everyone in today's compilation was recommended by somebody in the audience.

Speaker 6 So if there's a story you'd like to see or have me do a a deep dive on, go to theyfiles.com/slash tips or just send us an email, catch us on Discord.

Speaker 15 We're always looking for new subjects.

Speaker 23 Now remember, the Y Files is also a podcast, so you can take us on the road.

Speaker 30 And twice a week, I post deep dives into the stories we cover here on the channel.

Speaker 6 And I also post episodes that wouldn't be allowed on the channel, like a couple of today's.

Speaker 60 And those are going to be labeled unredacted.

Speaker 340 Redacted? Unredacted?

Speaker 26 I don't know how it works.

Speaker 6 The podcast, it's got a really creative name.

Speaker 23 It's called the Y Files Operation Podcast.

Speaker 35 It's available everywhere you get your podcasts.

Speaker 6 And if you are listening right now,

Speaker 23 click the like or thumbs up or follow or whatever the buttons are for the podcast.

Speaker 15 That actually does help a lot.

Speaker 6 Now, if you need more Wi-Files in your life, check out our Discord. There are thousands of people on there 24-7.

Speaker 81 They're into the same weird stuff we are here.

Speaker 6 They talk about all these topics and

Speaker 74 so many more.

Speaker 19 It's a great community.

Speaker 23 It's a lot of fun and it's free to join.

Speaker 6 Speaking of 24-7, also check out our 24-7 stream on the Y Files backstage.

Speaker 337 There's always a link for that below.

Speaker 6 And over there, we run episodes back to back with some fun, unique content in between.

Speaker 141 But, you know, come for the episodes, but stay for the live chat.

Speaker 310 There's a community over there that is

Speaker 245 very interesting and a lot of fun.

Speaker 309 If you want to know what's going on with Y Files at any given time, check out our production calendar.

Speaker 6 I paused there because I'm like, when was the last time we updated our production calendar?

Speaker 168 I promise we're going to do better with that.

Speaker 23 It's at thewifiles.com slash pal, and there we allegedly post our episode schedule, upcoming podcasts, live streams, AMAs, meetups, all that stuff.

Speaker 23 Special thanks to our patron who made this channel possible and made this compilation happen. Every episode you saw today was dedicated and made possible by our Patreon members.

Speaker 277 I couldn't do this without your support.

Speaker 6 And if you'd like to support the channel, keep us going, join this amazing community.

Speaker 10 For as little as three bucks a month, you get access to perks like episodes early with no commercials, exclusive merch, plus at least two private live streams every week.

Speaker 74 And those are a lot of fun.

Speaker 23 It's not just me talking at a screen. You get to meet everybody in the Wi-Fi's team.

Speaker 70 So Jen, Victoria, Gino, everybody's there.

Speaker 23 You can talk to anyone you want.

Speaker 6 And you can also turn your camera on, jump up on stage, ask a question if you want to talk about a topic in a little more detail or recommend a topic, tell a joke, or just say hi.

Speaker 15 I think it's the best perk there is.

Speaker 6 Another great way to support the channel is grab something from the Wi-Fi store.

Speaker 87 Grab a hangoise t-shirt or one of these fistable coffee mugs if you stick your fist in, hit the CIA's and chop it off or throw you out a window.

Speaker 87 Or grab a hoodie or something, my squeezy, squeezy animal. No, wait, wait, wait, I'm gonna talk about my stuff with my face on it and then I talk about the squeezy animal.
Fish target, fish target.

Speaker 6 But if you're gonna buy merch, make sure you become a member on YouTube. I know I know another membership, but hear me out.

Speaker 6 It's three bucks a month and YouTube members get 10% off everything in the Wi-Fi store forever.

Speaker 6 So if you're going to spend $40 on t-shirts or coffee mugs, join on YouTube, get the code, and it pays for itself.

Speaker 116 And if you want to cancel, just cancel.

Speaker 6 The membership is not there to make me money.

Speaker 95 It's there to save you money.

Speaker 46 But the money from YouTube memberships goes to my team.

Speaker 15 All of it. I don't touch any of that.

Speaker 12 So it's a great way to save a few bucks and keep us going.

Speaker 87 Yeah, keep that secret on your team for a hat, man.

Speaker 35 Those are the plugs.

Speaker 23 And did I get them all?

Speaker 15 It felt like I was talking for a while.

Speaker 229 It doesn't matter. We're going to let it fly.

Speaker 127 All the mistakes, everything, we're just going to let it fly.

Speaker 329 I got to get out of here.

Speaker 247 Until next time, be safe, be kind, and know that you are appreciated.

Speaker 353 Bolivia's in Area 51. A secret code inside the Bible said I would.

Speaker 353 I love my UFOs and paranormal fun, as well as music, song singing the like I should.

Speaker 353 But then another conspiracy theory becomes the truth, my friends.

Speaker 353 And it never ends.

Speaker 353 No, it never ends.

Speaker 353 I feel the crap guy down, got stuck inside Mel's home with MK out trucks I've been only two aware

Speaker 353 Dude Stanley Kufrid fake the moon landing alone

Speaker 353 On a film set or where the shadow people

Speaker 26 there

Speaker 110 The Roswell aliens just fought the smiling man I'm told.

Speaker 265 And his name was Cole.

Speaker 265 I can't believe I'm dancing with the bitch shit. And the fish on Thursday nights when they changed you.
And the rap's hopping all through the night.

Speaker 265 All I ever wanted was to just hear the truth. So the wild balls are beat up through the light.

Speaker 26 The Mothman sightings and the solar storm still come.

Speaker 353 To who got the secret city underground

Speaker 353 Mysterious number stations, planet Surfo to Project Starcade, and what the Dark Watchers found.

Speaker 353 in a simulation, don't you worry though?

Speaker 353 The Black Knights had a lot of told to me. So I can't believe

Speaker 353 I'm dancing with the fish.

Speaker 353 Henry Fish on Thursday nights with Day Jew. And WAPA's limit me all through the night.

Speaker 353 All I ever wanted was to just hear the truth. So the WAM's limbs me all through the night.

Speaker 353 Handsome fish on Thursday nights when they change you. And whambover feet all through the light.

Speaker 353 All I ever wanted was to just hear the truth. So while

Speaker 353 repeat all through the

Speaker 353 lights today,

Speaker 353 Gurdy loves to dance.

Speaker 353 Gurdy loves to dance.

Speaker 353 Yeah, Gurdy loves to dance on the dance floor.

Speaker 353 Because she is a camera. And cameras love to dance when the feeling is wild and wakes in time.

Speaker 353 Gurdy loves to dance.

Speaker 353 Gurdy loves to dance.

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