Sudan government demands international ceasefire guarantees

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Speaker 6 This is the Global News Podcast from the BBC World Service.

Speaker 6 I'm anchored as sign at 16 hours GMT on Friday, the 7th of November. These are our main stories.

Speaker 6 Sudan's government says it needs international guarantees before agreeing to a ceasefire proposal from the paramilitary RSF.

Speaker 6 Indonesian police say the main suspect behind an explosion at a school mosque which injured dozens of students is a fellow pupil.

Speaker 6 And China launches its most advanced aircraft carrier with tech to rival the US.

Speaker 6 Also in this podcast.

Speaker 7 It is a functional hot dog stand. And part of what I'm trying to do in a very small way is create a space where people can just hang out, chat, swap stories, and just have fun.

Speaker 6 The tax lawyer who's making the most of the US government shut down by trying out his dream job.

Speaker 6 We begin in Sudan, where the government has called for guarantees from the international community that paramilitary rebels, the rapid support forces, will stick to a ceasefire they signed up to on Thursday before the army does the same.

Speaker 6 Hopes of a pause in the fighting have been dented by reports of drone strikes near a military base and a power station in the army-controlled capital of Khartoum.

Speaker 6 The two sides have been coming under growing international pressure to agree a ceasefire, but Sudan's ambassador to South Africa, Osman Abu Fatima Adam Mohammed, said the RSF had broken previous truces and exploited them to gain more territory.

Speaker 8 From our experience, we had many truces in the beginning of the war, but every time we made the ceasefire, there was no respect for the ceasefire from the militia.

Speaker 8 Actually, they are using these truces to position themselves in new areas and to make new tactics against the government.

Speaker 6 Our Africa correspondent Mayenni Jones was at the Ambassadors' News Conference in Pretoria and told me more about it.

Speaker 10 It tells us that there's a lot of scepticism within the Sudanese government as to whether the RSF will stick to the terms of the ceasefire.

Speaker 10 As the ambassador said in the clip in your introduction, there have been ceasefire proposals before that both sides have said that they would adhere to, but he claims that every single time the RSF would seize the truces as opportunities to gain more territory or to smuggle in more weapons or to find a way to have an advantage over the government forces.

Speaker 10 So I think what these comments express is this level of skepticism. I think it also emphasizes how unwilling the government, the Sudanese government, is to deal with the RSF.

Speaker 10 They don't see them as equals. They say that they are a terror group and have forcefully taken Sudanese territory and are trying to create a parallel government.

Speaker 10 One of the things the ambassador emphasized today is that the international community should not recognize any government that includes the RSF, any kind of parallel government.

Speaker 10 And I think ultimately what it shows us is that it's going to be very difficult to get both sides of this conflict to come together and bring about some sort of agreement that would make the life of civilians on the ground a lot easier.

Speaker 6 And then how much more has this been damaged by those reports of massacres and other human rights abuses in the capture of El Fasha if people are to take the ceasefire offer from the RSF more seriously and more genuinely?

Speaker 10 I think the latest images of El Fasha have been incredibly damaging for RSF leadership, and I think that's demonstrated in the fact that the head of the RSF, General Hameti, has tried to placate the international community by claiming that some of the perpetrators had been detained, that an investigation would be carried out.

Speaker 10 I think this seems to suggest that he is understanding how damaging these images have been and trying to create a little bit of PR, a little bit of diplomacy to try and iron out this reputation.

Speaker 10 But the reality is, as more and more testimonies are coming out of civilians who managed to escape El Fasha to the neighbouring town of Tawilo, I think it's becoming increasingly clear to the international community just how barbaric some of this violence has been.

Speaker 10 And I think trying to change the image of the RSF and get people to believe them when they say something is going to become increasingly difficult.

Speaker 6 And international pressure for a ceasefire has been mounting. How much is that likely to win the sides in the civil war? But also as well, the UAE and their role with the RSF militia as well.

Speaker 6 How does that play into this?

Speaker 10 I think that the influence of external players like the United Arab Emirates can be underestimated.

Speaker 10 And for many Sudanese commentators and people who've been following the war since the beginning, they've often emphasized that the difference between this wave of violence in Darfur and the last wave 20 years ago is just how much more sophisticated the weaponry is that the RSF have access to.

Speaker 10 And many analysts have argued that this is because they're partly funded by the United Arab Emirates.

Speaker 10 There's a real feeling that without pressure on the UAE, there won't be an end to this conflict.

Speaker 10 That unless the UAE can be convinced to reduce its funding to the RSF or to put pressure on the RSF leadership to limit their attacks,

Speaker 10 that bringing an end to this conflict is going to be very challenging.

Speaker 6 Mayonna,

Speaker 6 we turn to neighbouring Ethiopia, another country recently torn by a civil war.

Speaker 6 The conflict, which ended three years ago, pitted government forces and their allies against rebels from the northern Tigray region. It's estimated to have claimed half a million lives.

Speaker 6 Now there are fears of a return to war after both sides accused the other of launching attacks. A correspondent, Khalkidan Yebeltal, who's based in Addis Ababa, told me more.

Speaker 9 Yesterday, in a region called Afar in northern Ethiopia, which neighbors Tigray, the authorities there accused the Grand forces of essentially crossing into their borders,

Speaker 9 firing shells, killing civilians and controlling at least six villages. Now the Tagran forces

Speaker 9 denied these accusations,

Speaker 9 but they came up with their own accusations today. They said that overnight there had been drone strikes by the federal government in support of that region,

Speaker 9 and now the peace deal that they signed three years ago, ending one of the deadliest conflicts in Africa, might be in danger.

Speaker 9 The federal government has not said anything regarding these allegations of drone strikes, but this is the first time that there had been these sorts of skirmishes or military engagement between the two parties after that war ended.

Speaker 6 Is this being seen now then as a serious threat to the peace accord, which ended that conflict in Tigray? Could we start seeing the fighting flare up again?

Speaker 9 Yes, that's the fear. Because for the past few months there had been several warnings from political actors in Ethiopia as well as from

Speaker 9 the international communities who saw signs that the war could flare up again and even it could expand to other Horn of African countries.

Speaker 9 There have been accusations that neighboring Eritrea might be involved, and there could be another war between Ethiopia and Eritrea, and also involving the ground forces as well.

Speaker 9 So, there had been these fears for the past few months to begin with. And now, these incidents had happened or had been reported that the fears are becoming ever more

Speaker 9 realistic and ever more present.

Speaker 6 Kalkedan Yebeltel reporting. The authorities in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, say more than 50 people have been injured in two two explosions at a mosque on a school campus.

Speaker 6 A 17-year-old student at the school is the main suspect and is currently receiving medical care. The BBC's Jerome Viravan is in Jakarta and gave me more details.

Speaker 11 Dozens of people have been injured in an explosion during Friday prayers at a mosque inside a high school complex.

Speaker 11 This is quite unique because the school located inside the housing complex of the Navy, Indonesian Navy. So it's caused panic and outrage.

Speaker 6 What do we know so far about a suspect? The authorities have identified someone.

Speaker 11 Yeah, the Indonesian deputy house speaker said the suspect is a 17-year-old and currently in surgery.

Speaker 11 Indonesian media have quoted some students in that high school saying that the alleged perpetrator is a pupil at the school and he made a homemade bomb and he also often been bullied by other students.

Speaker 11 Indonesian news outlet quoting a student saying that the suspect was a loner who often made drawings depicting violence and had been found lying on the ground following the explosion.

Speaker 11 But we cannot independently verify this statement and the police trying to update and keep up with the investigation.

Speaker 6 Has this sort of thing happened before in Jakarta or across Indonesia?

Speaker 11 A bomb explosion happened a few years ago and because because of the terrorist attacks, but an alleged perpetrator, a student behind these explosions, no, we haven't seen this yet.

Speaker 6 Jerome Vervan in Jakarta. Now, as I record this, it's 38 days into the US government shutdown, and federal workers are still waiting to get back to their jobs with no real idea when that may be.

Speaker 6 But one government tax lawyer in Washington, D.C., is staying busy by living out a childhood dream. He's using his time on furlough to run a hot dog stand.

Speaker 6 And get this, he's still wearing his office suit. Isaac Stein spoke to my colleague Liana Byrne about his new life.
For now.

Speaker 7 I loved the idea of running a hot dog stand as a little boy when I was six or seven. Then when I was in grade school, there was an event where at the elementary school gym.

Speaker 7 And so at that event, they had a concession stand.

Speaker 7 I think the intent was that each boy on the team would spend a half hour man in the concession stand, but I had way more interest in the concession stand and I got so much energy from connecting hanging out chatting just making small talk and learning about people's day-to-day I knew that I wanted to do this later in life so in June I made the decision I'm just gonna go for this and actually set up the hot dog cart business and I was fully permitted by the 23rd of September and I started selling that week and then I was doing my full-time office job and then also selling on Fridays and weekends.

Speaker 7 And then on October 8th, when the shutdown happened, what changed for me was that I had the time to now do this full-time.

Speaker 7 My plan is to go back to the office job as soon as possible and then continue to operate the hot dog stand in the way that I intended it to operate, which was as a side project.

Speaker 12 I'm sure you come across a lot of people even just talking to you at the hot dog stand and you're swapping stories.

Speaker 7 Oh, absolutely. It is a functional hot dog stand, but most of the intent is as an art project.

Speaker 7 And part of what I'm trying to do in a very small way is create a space where people can just hang out, chat, swap stories, and just have fun.

Speaker 7 I've been really overjoyed seeing people have organic conversations and just talk to each other in the line because unfortunately I can only steam six buns at a time. So

Speaker 7 there's been a bit of a line.

Speaker 6 That is a unique side hustle. Isaac Stein speaking to Lianniburn.

Speaker 6 Still to come in this podcast, a special celebration for the 80th anniversary of a radio telescope that changed the world.

Speaker 13 At Total Bank, Cheshire, the greatest radio telescope in the world is nearing completion.

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Speaker 6 It's the first that China has both designed and built by itself, and it's part of a massive overhaul and expansion of the Navy.

Speaker 6 I asked our China correspondent Laura Bicker to tell me more about the new carrier.

Speaker 22 So this is China's third and its most advanced aircraft carrier, and it has these electromagnetic catapults. that's what makes it a bit different.

Speaker 22 That can launch three aircraft types, and that's according to these reports in Chinese state media. Now, this tech allows planes to take off with heavier weapons and larger fuel loads.

Speaker 22 So that means they can strike enemy targets at far greater distances. Now, the only other aircraft carrier with this kind of technology is in the United States, and that's the USS Gerald R.
Ford.

Speaker 22 And that had these operation systems back in 2022. Now, we saw in state media today that the whole ceremony to launch this aircraft carrier was overseen by President Xi Jinping.

Speaker 22 And you talk about the expansion of China's Navy. He has overseen it personally.

Speaker 22 And today the reports in Chinese state media said it was his idea and his decision to adopt this technology for the Fujian.

Speaker 6 Now regional security is a big topic. So what does it mean for that particular area and could this carrier now be employed in the waters around Taiwan in any future military confrontation?

Speaker 22 I think when it comes to this particular aircraft carrier and shipbuilding in particular, China's navy is now the largest in the world in terms of ship numbers.

Speaker 22 But I think when people are looking at China's shipbuilding, 60% of the world's orders this year have gone to Chinese shipyards.

Speaker 22 China is building far more ships than any other country because it can do it faster than anyone else. And what that means

Speaker 22 is that when it comes to building new navy ships, it can build them and replace any.

Speaker 22 If we were to go into any theatre situation, any wartime situation, China would be in a position with its ports to replace any navy ships that perhaps went down extremely quickly.

Speaker 22 Now when it comes to leading the way, the United States still leads the way with regards to submarines and with regards to the amount of technology it's able to deploy.

Speaker 22 But many experts believe that China is catching up, that the gap between the two superpowers is narrowing.

Speaker 6 So is this a bit of a flex then from President Xi then? Should the US be worried about this latest Commission?

Speaker 22 I think the United States has certainly seen the danger.

Speaker 22 We've heard from Donald Trump in the last few months, especially when it comes to shipbuilding, looking at South Korea as a partner, wondering exactly where United States assets should be deployed.

Speaker 22 But I think in terms of if you asked China, and I have asked China and I have been to their shipping ports if you ask people here, they'll say that China is no danger, that out of all the wars in the world, China has not been involved.

Speaker 22 So what they say is they're building it because they can, rather than to pose a threat.

Speaker 1 Laura Bicker.

Speaker 6 Now the European Union says it's introducing tougher visa rules for Russian citizens because of growing fears about security after nearly four years of war in Ukraine.

Speaker 1 Here's Will Vernon Sabotage, disinformation and drone incursions into Europe are on the rise, say officials in Brussels, and the culprit is Moscow.

Speaker 1 So the EU is clamping down on the issuing of visas to Russian nationals. Under the new rules, they will no longer be given multi-entry visas and must apply for a new document for every trip to the EU.

Speaker 1 Exceptions will be made for Russians living abroad, as well as for human rights activists and independent journalists.

Speaker 1 Announcing the measures, the EU's foreign policy chief, Kaya Kallas, said Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine had created the most dangerous security environment in Europe for decades.

Speaker 1 Moscow denies that it poses a threat to Europe.

Speaker 6 Now, to a brand that's a staple in school canteens in Hanoi, tea houses in Marrakech, and Michelin-starred restaurants in New York, the classic glass tumblers from the French company Duralex have achieved this reach while also invoking nostalgic memories of childhood for French people who use them at school.

Speaker 6 Now the company has been been saved from bankruptcy by a crowdfunding campaign. It asked for just under $6 million.

Speaker 6 Within 48 hours, it had been sent four times as much. Hugh Schofield has this report from Paris.

Speaker 13 Duralex ne c'ébre spa.

Speaker 23 Duralex doesn't chip. That was the claim that for decades led to the iconic glasses being used in school canteens across Europe.

Speaker 23 Here in France, every boy and girl knew the game of looking at the bottom of the Duralix glass to find the number, anything between 1 and 50, which then became, to much amusement, the child's real age.

Speaker 23 The happy memory goes some way to explaining the attachment to the brand and the willingness of so many people now to save it.

Speaker 23 Because like so many other French manufacturers, Duralex has been in trouble. The tumbler has tumbled.

Speaker 23 Founded in 1945, the company created two glasses, the round Gigonie and the nine-sided Picardy, which became classics of design.

Speaker 23 But competition from Asia, unscrupulous investors, and soaring energy prices brought it close to bankruptcy.

Speaker 23 And last year, it was rescued in extremis when staff bought it up and it became a cooperative. Now, there's a surge of optimism.
The people have answered the call.

Speaker 23 There'll be new machines and new designs. The brand, like the glass, is proving ultra-resistant.

Speaker 6 Hughes Gofield reporting. Now we're on a cusp of knowing much more about the brain health of babies, it seems.
And it's all thanks to what looks like a modified swimming cap.

Speaker 6 Researchers at a maternity hospital in the British city of Cambridge are using a new technique to try and speed up the diagnosis of children with long-term health conditions and learning difficulties.

Speaker 6 Professor Toppin Austin is a consultant neonatologist at Cambridge University Hospitals, and he told us more.

Speaker 24 What we've got is a sort of cap, like a swimming cap, which instead of imaging the brain and looking at sort of the structure of the brain, actually gives us an idea of how the brain works.

Speaker 24 And the reason we're interested in this is that we look after very sick and very premature babies, and a lot of these babies can end up having problems later on, such as cerebral palsy or learning difficulties.

Speaker 24 And the current technology that we use for imaging, such as MRI or conventional ultrasound, gives us a lovely picture of what the brain looks like, but doesn't really predict very well about how it's working and

Speaker 24 which children are going to end up perhaps having problems later on.

Speaker 24 What this technology does is gives us a handle on how the brain is actually working and we think will give us a way of predicting earlier on which babies are going to run into trouble.

Speaker 24 We're using two different technologies together for the first time.

Speaker 24 We're using a light technology which covers the top of the brain and measures oxygen in different parts of the brain and when the brain is active different parts of the brain light up.

Speaker 24 The trouble is we can't look deep into the brain with this technology so we're combining with a new

Speaker 24 what's called ultra-fast ultrasound, which can measure all the tiny little vessels deep within the brain itself.

Speaker 24 And so if we combine them together, we've got the deep structures being imaged by the ultrasound, the surface being imaged by the light.

Speaker 24 And so we've got a whole brain image at the cot side of brain function. There cannot be anything more stressful than having a tiny baby on a neonatal unit.

Speaker 24 And, you know, sometimes these children, the problems only emerge when they get to sort of school age.

Speaker 24 And if we can't diagnose early and sort of help them with sort of early therapies and try and get these babies to reach their full potential,

Speaker 24 we've missed a window. And so we hope this technology can be sort of translated

Speaker 24 in a way that we can predict earlier and then make sort of specialist referrals earlier.

Speaker 6 Professor Toppin Austin.

Speaker 6 Now let's end this podcast with some music and scientific wonder.

Speaker 6 In 1945, a British scientist called Sir Bernard Lovell turned a muddy field in northern England into what is now the Jodrell Bank Observatory, an astronomical research centre that transformed our understanding of the universe.

Speaker 6 To mark its 80-year anniversary, the BBC has commissioned award-winning composer Hannah Peel to create a piece of music in its honour. Jay McGubbin has this report.

Speaker 4 First, we could only use our eyes to imagine what was beyond the night sky. Then optical telescopes used light to let us see further.

Speaker 4 But 80 years ago, Sir Bernard Lovell's giant telescope pioneered the use of radio waves to listen to the universe, and the universe spoke.

Speaker 4 That sound, that story, and that telescope became the inspiration for composer Hannah Peel.

Speaker 25 80 years and all those stories and mysteries and the things that have been watched and discovered. How do you put that into music?

Speaker 4 The answer is this: Pulsar performed here with the BBC Philharmonic.

Speaker 26 We only knew about a tiny fraction of the universe that we can see with our eyes. So at Jodrell Bank, we began looking at the universe with radio eyes.

Speaker 4 Tim O'Brien is director of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Engagement.

Speaker 26 And it sort of unveiled this completely new universe we had no idea was there.

Speaker 26 So instead of the stars in the night sky, what we see with our radio telescopes are black holes in the hearts of other distant galaxies.

Speaker 4 This was a vision which began with Sir Bernard Lovell.

Speaker 13 At Jodrell Bank, Cheshire, the greatest radio telescope in the world is nearing completion.

Speaker 14 It's driven with such precision that it can pinpoint galaxies so remote in time and space that some of the radio waves received began their journey through space long before our Earth came into existence.

Speaker 4 And yet his project was almost scrapped and he almost jailed as building costs soared and doubts mounted.

Speaker 22 But then

Speaker 4 came the space race.

Speaker 4 And as the famous telescope locked first onto Sputnik and later Apollo 11, its value was undeniable.

Speaker 24 That's one small step for man.

Speaker 24 One scientist for mankind.

Speaker 4 And not even Bernard Lovell could have dreamt of all that was to be revealed by his work. Pulsars, quasars, the Lovell telescope tracked them all.

Speaker 26 We see sort of electrons spiraling around the magnetic field of the galaxy moving at almost the speed of light. And we we even see the fading glow of the Big Bang about 14 billion years ago.

Speaker 4 And all of that history and discovery is celebrated in music.

Speaker 25 What are you thinking as you're playing? What stories are you weaving in your head there?

Speaker 16 Before I wanted to be a musician, I wanted to be an astronomer or something.

Speaker 4 Rachel Jaynes is from the BBC Philharmonic.

Speaker 16 And I remember getting my first telescope and just looking at the moon for hours and hours. What we've recorded today just starts with: it's so quiet

Speaker 16 and it just makes you feel like I'm this big in the universe and then it just grows.

Speaker 16 And just imagining what it would feel like to be up there and it'd be quite windy and that you are literally listening to space.

Speaker 4 This has been a journey of exploration which its creator once said would never end and Jodrell Bank will keep listening for whatever comes next.

Speaker 27 I thought 20 years ago that we knew all that we wanted to know about the structure and evolution of the universe, and now we know almost nothing.

Speaker 6 Jay McGummin with that report and the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra in Great Voice.

Speaker 6 That's it from us for now, but there will be a new edition of the Global News podcast a little later. If you want to comment on this podcast or the topics covered in it, you can send us an email.

Speaker 6 The address is globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk. And you can also find us on X at BBC World Service.
And you can use the hashtag GlobalNewsPod.

Speaker 6 This edition was mixed by Chris Cuzares, and the producers were Stephanie Prentice and Stephen Jensen. The editor is Karen Martin and I'm Uncle Desai.
Until next time, goodbye.

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