Ukraine's war children hoping for return to normality

29m

As the US is reported to have drafted a deal with Russia on Ukraine, we look at the impact the war has had on Ukrainian children.
Also: Facebook and Instagram start closing Australian teenager's accounts ahead of the social media ban next month. A court in the Philippines has found a former mayor, Alice Guo, guilty of human trafficking linked to a scam centre in her town. As fears mount of a Chinese invasion, Taiwan issues instructions to its citizens of what to do if war breaks out. We hear from the son of one of the Nazi war criminals sentenced to death in the Nuremberg trials, 80 years after they began. And a new exhibition explores the quirky, stylised world of the American film director, Wes Anderson.

The Global News Podcast brings you the breaking news you need to hear, as it happens. Listen for the latest headlines and current affairs from around the world. Politics, economics, climate, business, technology, health – we cover it all with expert analysis and insight.
Get the news that matters, delivered twice a day on weekdays and daily at weekends, plus special bonus episodes reacting to urgent breaking stories. Follow or subscribe now and never miss a moment.
Get in touch: globalpodcast@bbc.co.uk

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Runtime: 29m

Transcript

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Speaker 8 This is the Global News Podcast from the BBC World Service.

Speaker 8 I'm Janet Jalil and at 16 hours GNT on Thursday the 20th of November, these are our main stories. As the U.S.

Speaker 8 is reported to have drafted a deal with Russia on Ukraine, we look at the impact the war has had on Ukrainian children.

Speaker 8 A high-profile former mayor in the Philippines is given a lengthy prison sentence for human trafficking linked to a scam centre.

Speaker 8 Facebook and Instagram are kicking Australian teenagers off their platforms. We hear what some students make of the ban.

Speaker 8 Also in this podcast.

Speaker 4 I remember with the first film I made, as soon as I saw it, I was completely surprised and it seemed nothing like what I expected. I was completely caught off guard.

Speaker 8 We hear from the director Wes Anderson, who's renowned for his eccentric, quirky, and stylish movies.

Speaker 8 Since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia is thought to have abducted at least 20,000 Ukrainian children in the past three and a half years.

Speaker 8 President Zelensky's office has told the BBC that only a tiny fraction of those children, less than a tenth, that's fewer than 2,000, have been reunited with their families, almost all of them without the involvement or knowledge of the Kremlin.

Speaker 8 Children who haven't been taken abroad continue to die as Russian missiles and drones repeatedly hit residential areas.

Speaker 8 Our Ukraine correspondent, James Waterhouse, looks at the wider impact of Russia's invasion on Ukraine's next generation.

Speaker 5 Severia and her mum Mariana prepare to face the cold bite of an autumnal Ukrainian morning.

Speaker 5 Their house is in Kiev, but their home is Mariupol, a southern city which succumbed to Russia's advance in 2022.

Speaker 5 Severia ventures out with the enthusiasm you'd expect from a seven-year-old. Their destination is a children's support group, hosted in this cafe by Oksana, who's a therapist.

Speaker 12 The impact on mental health. Of course, children are deeply affected.
Many parents are now at war. Some children have already lost parents.
Some parents returned from captivity.

Speaker 12 It's extremely difficult for them.

Speaker 5 These sessions are much-needed moments of calm for a generation that has only known war.

Speaker 14 It's scary because you don't know what will happen at night, whether you'll have to go to the hallway or if you can sleep peacefully.

Speaker 14 Sometimes we miss lessons because we sit in the basement when the air raid siren starts.

Speaker 5 In cities like Kyiv, wartime interruptions are as regular as they are familiar. Here's Severia's mum, Mariana.

Speaker 15 I try to distract them. We play, talk, I come up with activities, audiobooks, reading, anything.
And I explain honestly: it's not our fault someone wants to kill us.

Speaker 17 It's not our fault we were born Ukrainian.

Speaker 5 Back to Oksana, the therapist.

Speaker 12 They react to sounds, anything sudden, like something falling, closing, or banging.

Speaker 12 And the air raid siren sound from our phones is also an additional source of stress for them.

Speaker 5 Regardless of whether a child stayed in Ukraine or was forced to escape with their family, the impact of Russia's invasion on them has been profound.

Speaker 5 Maxim Maksimov is from Ukraine's presidential office and heads up a scheme designed to bring children home who've been abducted by Russia.

Speaker 19 That's definitely a very difficult process and the reason why the process is very difficult is because

Speaker 19 what we're seeing from the Russian Federation is not compliance with its international obligations like the Geneva Conventions on the Conventions on the Rights of the Child, but the obstruction of the return process.

Speaker 5 He claims Moscow complicates the process by moving the children, by changing their identities and by cutting contact with their families.

Speaker 5 Maxim Maximov acknowledges that most children won't be rescued and that DNA tracking might be the only answer once they are adults.

Speaker 5 It's not easy to spot Ukrainian children at this assembly in Hammersmith Academy in West London. Three years after fleeing the full-scale invasion, they now speak perfect English.

Speaker 5 As they clutch teddy bears and other belongings they snatched in those haunting early hours, they articulate their own hopes for the future.

Speaker 20 I really hope that the war will end soon, but I really hope to go back home to see my house, to lay in my bed, and remember all those memories I had with my friends.

Speaker 22 I just wanted to say a quick message to all of the Ukrainian children that you are guys very, very strong. I'm a Ukrainian girl myself who moved to the UK three years ago, and you're very strong.

Speaker 22 Hope that we all one day will come to peaceful Ukraine. Just know that you're not alone.

Speaker 5 The war is entering a fourth year. The geopolitics surrounding it are yet to bring peace closer and yet children still hope to see some kind of normality.

Speaker 5 Although you'd forgive them for not knowing what that feels like.

Speaker 8 James Waterhouse reporting.

Speaker 8 Well, as Russian attacks and missile strikes continue to target Ukrainian cities and infrastructure, particularly energy plants, now winter is setting in, what are the prospects of an end to the war?

Speaker 8 US media is reporting that Washington and Moscow have worked out a potential peace plan.

Speaker 8 It's not been confirmed by either country, but from what's been floated in the press, the new plan seems to be very similar to President Putin's long-stated maximum list demands that Ukraine cedes large chunks of its territory and slashes its army.

Speaker 8 Demands that Ukrainians have long dismissed as completely unacceptable. This comes as senior US military officials are in Ukraine for talks.

Speaker 8 Our defence correspondent, Jonathan Beale, is in Kyiv for us.

Speaker 23 We know very little apart from what has been reported by other media outlets.

Speaker 23 We know there have been discussions between Steve Witkoff, who is essentially President Trump's right-hand man when it comes to peace negotiations, not just here in Ukraine, but in the Middle East too, with his Russian counterpart, and that there is a reportedly 28-point peace plan, which they have discussed.

Speaker 23 Many of those points are points, as you quite rightly say, which have been clearly rejected by Ukraine in the past, such as giving up more territory to Russia, cutting the size of its military, not allowing foreign troops into the country using Russia as an official language.

Speaker 23 So a lot of this is speculation as to whether it is a peace plan that is backed by the administration, although we know Steve Wickoff is very close to President Trump, and the Kremlin is saying that it does not know about this plan, even though clearly they have an official involved in these discussions.

Speaker 23 But there are meetings taking place today with US officials, but they are military officials.

Speaker 23 So two generals, the US Army Secretary here in Ukraine, they say they've come to on a fact-finding mission to discuss efforts to end the war, but they have not said they've come with a specific peace plan.

Speaker 23 And what we've heard from Ukrainian officials so far is that in their meetings with first of all the Prime Minister of Ukraine and then the Defence Minister is that they talked about the battlefield, the situation on the ground.

Speaker 23 They talked about military cooperation in terms of technology, drones, which is obviously of interest to the US military. But this team is not a diplomatic team.

Speaker 23 It's not a team that has been involved in peace negotiations in the past and I do not think can make a breakthrough about peace negotiations in the future.

Speaker 23 They can certainly report back the mood music, but I don't expect any breakthrough when President Zelensky meets them.

Speaker 23 And it'll be interesting to see whether even the issue or the subject of a peace peace plan is discussed at all.

Speaker 8 Because the European Union has spoken out about this reported peace plan, even though it's not confirmed, warning that Ukraine cannot be left out of negotiations.

Speaker 23 Yeah, and this is a point that Europe's reiterated time and time again, that Ukraine's future must involve Ukraine, and it must involve Europe, with Europe now the biggest military backers for Ukraine.

Speaker 23 The U.S. is allowing European countries to buy U.S.
military equipment and then send it to Ukraine. So there is cooperation there.
They are careful not to criticize the Trump administration.

Speaker 23 They're saying they're supporting US efforts.

Speaker 23 But it is Europe that, for example, is talking about a coalition of the willing, about a military force that could come on the ground made up of potentially European troops if there is a ceasefire.

Speaker 23 So Europe really making clear that any talks about peace must involve both Europe itself and Ukraine.

Speaker 8 Jonathan Beale in Kyiv. Now to the story of a Chinese national who pretended to be a Filipina in order to become a mayor in the Philippines.

Speaker 8 Alice Guo once lived a life of luxury with expensive cars and even her own helicopter.

Speaker 8 But now she's been sentenced to life in prison along with seven others on human trafficking charges after being found guilty of overseeing a scam centre where hundreds of people were forced to work or risk torture.

Speaker 8 Our Southeast Asia correspondent, Jonathan Head, told me more about her.

Speaker 1 Actually, her local constituents thought she was great. They love her, and many of them still do.

Speaker 1 But she was in business, and she gave land, and clearly was an investor, in a big complex right behind the mayoral office which he painted a bright pink to make it friendly and put flowers on it and behind it was this 36 building complex which last year was raided by the police after a Vietnamese man escaped he jumped from a second floor window and crawled through the grass to get away telling harrowing stories of abuse of torture of being forced to work and hit targets it was a big scam centre when the police raided it there were hundreds of people from many different nationalities all be working in these high pressure conditions scamming people around the world and Alice Guo has been charged with human trafficking.

Speaker 1 She's now been convicted of it. She faces other charges of money laundering.
Clearly, she was able to become very, very rich.

Speaker 1 But her story became even more bizarre when it turned out that she wasn't Filipino. In fact, she'd migrated as a teenager.
She had fake documents, a fake birth certificate.

Speaker 1 She shouldn't even have been mayor.

Speaker 1 And then allegations came from other corners suggesting that she might even be a Chinese spy, which was really incendiary considering the Philippines has been at daggers drawn with China over the disputed islands in the South China Sea.

Speaker 1 So you could just imagine how much attention this story has got. But it is also part of this whole Southeast Asian explosion of scam business.
I mean, hers is one.

Speaker 1 There are so many others in so many different countries. So it's actually part of a much bigger story.

Speaker 8 And people have been gripped by this.

Speaker 1 Totally. I mean, the Chinese angle really sort of shocked people.
I don't believe the allegations of her being a Chinese spy are likely to be true. She's in a very good position for that.

Speaker 1 But the fact that you fuse together Philippines' fears of China, the sort of mystery about her story, with the fact that they're trying to crack down on this massive scam business in the Philippines and making some progress.

Speaker 1 But obviously in other places like Myanmar and Cambodia, it still thrives.

Speaker 8 Jonathan Head. Now to Australia, where a social media ban for young people under the age of 16 is due to come into force in the second week of December.

Speaker 8 Hundreds of thousands of teenagers teenagers who use Instagram, Facebook and Threads have been warned that their accounts will start being deactivated from now until then.

Speaker 8 While the ban is popular with many parents, some under 16s are perhaps unsurprisingly not impressed.

Speaker 8 A teacher at a school in the southern city of Adelaide, Richard Graham, asked his students how they feel about it.

Speaker 24 I think it's pointless.

Speaker 16 I think there's so many better things that they could do to keep children safe.

Speaker 25 And because they've just like banned it, everyone's gonna like find ways around it.

Speaker 16 Social media is like a main resource of communication between people, like especially young people.

Speaker 25 It's basically like where everyone talks and like how teens communicate.

Speaker 21 And I also think that not all social media is negative. Like there has been some negative effects, but also you can still learn things from social media, like it's not all bad.

Speaker 25 Instead of the ban they could make under 16 like have private accounts with just friends or like

Speaker 21 they must be parent managed or something yeah add limits not bans because like that could mean limiting the um comments or even the algorithms that you can see yeah just changing the way that you see your social media

Speaker 26 so do you do you think that you and your friends will find ways around the law definitely I mean some people definitely will yeah I know someone who's asked her older brother to get her a burner phone that she can set up with her 18 year old brother's face ID so that she can have those social medias because people are just that addicted.

Speaker 24 I think no matter what, how hard they try, people are always going to find a way around it.

Speaker 8 The views of some students there. Well, our correspondent in Sydney, Katie Watson, has more.

Speaker 27 The ban comes into force on the 10th of December, but Meta, who owns Instagram, Facebook, and Threads, they're already letting users know between 13 and 15 years old by text, email, their accounts are going to start being deactivated from the 4th of December.

Speaker 27 So, yeah, teens today realising they're going to be chucked off these platforms earlier than they had expected.

Speaker 27 Of course, this is a world-leading ban, according to Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, because he wants to get kids off screens and back on the footy fields, as he said, trying to get kids to be kids and try and be on the side of the parents, as he said.

Speaker 27 There's nine platforms involved, gaming's not included, and that's been a bit contentious. The idea for the government is that it's about trying to stop kind of social interaction,

Speaker 27 and so that's, I guess, kind of a lot of doom-scrolling and algorithms as well.

Speaker 27 Messaging is also not part of the ban, but there's a lot of criticism that kids are going to find a way around, that they are much better on technology than the people trying to implement this legislation.

Speaker 27 And really, is this going to be enforceable? But if you speak to a lot of parents here, they would say anything helps to protect them from going online.

Speaker 8 Katie Watson

Speaker 8 Still to come on the Global News podcast.

Speaker 28 I'm completely against the death penalty, but for my father, it was correct because he would have really rotten my brain with his ideology.

Speaker 8 Facing your own family history 80 years after the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals.

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Speaker 8 As global concerns mount over war, cyber attacks and natural disasters, more countries are trying to prepare their citizens for possible emergencies.

Speaker 8 The Netherlands is planning to issue a government booklet to all its households and so is Taiwan.

Speaker 8 Both booklets are orange with cover illustrations of the supplies people will need like bottled water or torches.

Speaker 8 And in Taiwan's case, given the tensions with China, it also includes includes instructions on how to deal with a military invasion.

Speaker 8 Fei Fan Lin is the Deputy Secretary General of Taiwan's National Security Council. He told us more about the booklet and why it's being distributed.

Speaker 10 We use comic-style illustrations and try to get it more accessible to the general public. So even children see the style of the booklet or also want to read it.

Speaker 10 We try to portray the different types of scenarios as comprehensive as we can.

Speaker 10 So we actually laid out the situation like a cyber attacks, what type of hidden risk of using Chinese-made apps, including like a deep seek or a T-Talk or a so-called little red book.

Speaker 10 And we are also giving people about a full guidance of what should be included in their go backs.

Speaker 10 So for any kind of emergency, no matter it's an earthquake, natural disaster, or even the wartime situations, that they can bring their own stuff and go.

Speaker 10 And so we are also laying down the new air raid defense instructions to people to understand that if there is a really enemy attack, how we can be better protected by ourselves.

Speaker 10 So we are doing everything we can to better prepare ourselves. But I want to highlight one key important message.

Speaker 10 What China is doing is really striking and also I think it's really intimidating a lot of different countries.

Speaker 10 Currently, at this moment, China is launching an eight-day live-fire shooting exercise to intimidate Japan.

Speaker 10 And in August, they also have the marine time operation on the sea and their own vessels chasing the Philippine vessels.

Speaker 10 And last year, 2024, we got 5,000 Chinese POA aircraft actually surrounding Taiwan. So we are hoping to get our citizens prepared for different kinds of scenarios as soon as possible.

Speaker 10 The Civil Defense Handbook is actually the key point of to bring the awareness and build up the awareness.

Speaker 8 Taiwanese security official Fei Fan Lin.

Speaker 8 It's 80 years since the Nuremberg trials began, the trials of the most prominent Nazi leaders for their crimes during the Second World War, their systematic racist killings, including the mass murder of six million Jews.

Speaker 8 When the chief American prosecutor, Justice Jackson, opened the Allied case against the defendants, he reflected on the historical significance of the moment.

Speaker 32 Opening the first trial in history for crimes against the peace of the world imposes a grave responsibility.

Speaker 32 The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated.

Speaker 8 One of those on trial was Hans Frank, one of Hitler's most trusted men, who served as governor of Poland during the Nazi occupation. He was sentenced to death and hanged.

Speaker 8 Jamie Krumasami spoke to Hans Frank's son, Niklas Frank, who is the author of The Father, a Revenge, a Son's Judgment on His Nazi War Criminal Father.

Speaker 8 And I thought Poland is our property, at least property of my father.

Speaker 28 And so it was very strange for me suddenly to have a connection between my powerful father in connection with those corpses. Something was strange suddenly with my father.

Speaker 4 And you were just six years old seeing these pictures.

Speaker 33 Yes, and this was really extraordinary.

Speaker 28 My eldest brother, Norman, with his newspaper, he went to our mother saying to her,

Speaker 28 if these pictures are true, our father will have no chance to survive. And he was right.

Speaker 34 And you were able to visit him, weren't you, briefly at Nuremberg?

Speaker 28 Shortly before the verdicts came out, we got the invitation to visit him, and we all drove to Nuremberg, knowing that this will be our last visit and he will be hanged.

Speaker 28 I was sitting behind the window talking to him on my mother's lap and he was smiling and laughing and telling me, Nikki, we will soon celebrate Christmas and we will have much fun and I was on my mother's lap thinking and I swear it's really true.

Speaker 28 Why is he lying? He knows that he will be hanged. And that was a big, big disappointment for me.
He should have said, my dear Nikki, you are seven years old and I was a criminal and I will be hanged.

Speaker 28 And please don't repeat my life.

Speaker 34 Well, you certainly haven't repeated his life. I mean, you've gone on to talk about his legacy, and I'd like to come to that.

Speaker 34 But first, on the actual death penalty, was it the right punishment for your father?

Speaker 34 I'm completely against the death penalty. But for my father, it was correct.

Speaker 34 Because if he would have survived, he would have really rotten my brain with his ideology because he was a very charming guy, he was very well educated, and I would have needed many more years to come out of this trap of him.

Speaker 34 Your father died when you were young, and there must be thousands of things you might have asked him if he'd survived. But I just wonder what the main question you would have put to him.

Speaker 34 The first question and the most important,

Speaker 34 why have you done this?

Speaker 28 He could have nourished his family as a normal lawyer. Why did he commit all those crimes? This I will never understand.

Speaker 28 But in the end, he wrote a letter to my mother and also to his lawyer pretending I was never a criminal, and the truth will come out once upon a time.

Speaker 28 And this was my task to bring out the truth about my father.

Speaker 8 Nicholas Frank talking about his Nazi war criminal father.

Speaker 8 While AI is proving to be a boon to scientists and doctors, many in the creative industries are frankly terrified by what it means for their livelihoods.

Speaker 8 A report by the University of Cambridge has found that many published novelists here in the UK believe that AI could eventually replace them altogether. A researcher involved in the study, Dr.

Speaker 8 Clementine Collette, herself a writer, told us more about the survey of more than 300 authors.

Speaker 18 They are already feeling the negative effects. So just over 50% of novelists agree that it's likely that genitive AI will displace their work entirely.

Speaker 18 And almost four in ten have also said that they've already feeling the negative impacts because of competition with generated material online, sabotage they feel that AI bots are writing them kind of botched reviews or maybe publish it false material.

Speaker 18 And because of the way that it's changing our attention spans and how we consume, the kind of rise of personalization has moved us away from the long form.

Speaker 18 And that is a real concern from literary creatives that we will have a two-tier market more so than we have already, where human-written work will be, you know, more expensive, a luxury item.

Speaker 18 Those who can afford it will read human-written novels, and AI-generated content will be cheap or free. And that will potentially have big societal implications as well.

Speaker 18 But so, we don't know what generative AI is going to be able to do in the future in terms of producing more original content.

Speaker 18 I think that it is a psychological impact as well as a financial one that authors are feeling.

Speaker 18 And this is a real cry from novelists and literary creatives to put guardrails around AI to protect this incredible thriving industry that we have.

Speaker 8 Dr. Clementine Collette.
An exhibition on the life and work of the American film director Wes Anderson opens in London this week.

Speaker 8 It will showcase hundreds of objects from his personal archive that will help attendees gain greater insight into eccentric, quirky, and stylish movies like the Grand Budapest Hotel or Fantastic Mr.

Speaker 8 Fox. Nicholas Danbridge went to meet the director at the exhibition.

Speaker 35 We're entering the idiosyncratic world of director Wes Anderson. Over 700 objects at the Design Museum retrospective from his 30-year career, showing his meticulous recurring visual style.

Speaker 35 A look, he says, that still astonishes him.

Speaker 4 I remember with the first film I made, as soon as I saw it, I was completely surprised and it seemed nothing like what I expected.

Speaker 4 I was completely caught off guard because it was just as we had planned it, but the mixture, the chemistry of it was different.

Speaker 4 So, when I see all of this stuff, it's that same experience but greatly enhanced. I never would have anticipated anything like this.
And when we made Fantastic Mr.

Speaker 4 Fox, right now we're standing in front of these puppets from Fantastic Mr. Fox.
Well, we started the film, we didn't know what even Mr. Fox was going to look like.

Speaker 4 And the result is nothing remotely like anything I would have envisioned.

Speaker 35 envisioned produced by 20th century fox

Speaker 36 are you scared of wolves scared no I have a phobia of them or everything about thunder why that's stupid I don't like needles myself where do you come from again how'd you get in the sidecar feel like I'm losing my mind We're surrounded by the most beautiful puppets.

Speaker 35 A little sidecar and a motorbike. You've got Petey and his banjo, Mr.
and Mrs. Fox, paintings from their den, and all the other characters, which I understand your daughter used to play with.

Speaker 4 Yes, well, I much of what is here in this exhibition I kept in storage in our apartment in New York and then also in England in our basement.

Speaker 4 Many of these things are objects that I've lived with over the years, and my daughter played with them all the time. And in fact, there's quite a bit of damage that had to be repaired.

Speaker 4 That's just her work. But she was careful with them.
They're fragile.

Speaker 35 Let's go through to the Grand Budapest Hotel. It's your most successful box office film, winning BAFTAs and Oscars.
And the design is really central to its success.

Speaker 35 So, this is a three-meter-wide candy pink model.

Speaker 4 This miniature hotel, I think the reason we made a miniature hotel is because the research that we did around the movie led us to a place that had all kinds of very specific qualities and that didn't actually exist.

Speaker 35 Produced by Fox Searchlight Pictures.

Speaker 1 Who are you?

Speaker 6 I'm Zero, sir, the new lobby boy.

Speaker 33 Zero, you say? Yes, sir. Well, I've never heard of you, never laid eyes on you.
Who hired you?

Speaker 6 Mr. Mosher, sir.
Mr.

Speaker 23 Mosher?

Speaker 4 The costumes here, it brings me to what I feel is really the center of the movie, which is the cast. Rafe Fiennes, who holds the entire movie together in every way, and others.

Speaker 35 So looking around here, people will see all your ideas. Are you bound to always tell your stories in this distinctive style, do you think?

Speaker 4 When I start a film, for me, I'm starting something completely different from anything I've ever done before. I've got a new set of characters, a new setting.

Speaker 4 It's not necessarily my choice that it ends up being a recognizable style. It just sort of happens that way.

Speaker 4 And I think the next film I make, it may be less immediately recognizable as mine, but I always think that.

Speaker 8 Acclaimed film director Wes Anderson speaking to Nicola Stanbridge.

Speaker 8 And that's all from us for now, but there will be a new edition of the Global News podcast later. If you want to comment on this podcast, you can send us an email.

Speaker 8 The address is globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk.

Speaker 8 This edition was mixed by Roseen Wynne-Dorell. The producers were Stephanie Zacherson and Rebecca Wood.
The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Janet Jalil.
Until next time, goodbye.

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Speaker 6 Cash account offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, member FINRA SIPC. Wealthfront Brokerage is not a bank.

Speaker 6 Annual percentage yield on deposits as of November 7th, 2025 is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. The cash account is not a bank account.

Speaker 6 Funds are swept to program banks where they earn earn the variable APY.