Pope calls for peace on Turkey visit

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Speaker 4 This is the Global News podcast from the BBC World Service.

Speaker 4 I'm Celia Hatton, and at 1600 GMT on Thursday, the 27th of November, these are our main stories.

Speaker 4 Pope Leo warns about rising levels of conflict in the world on a visit to Turkey, his first foreign trip.

Speaker 4 The CIA director says the man suspected of shooting two National Guard officers in Washington is an Afghan who worked with U.S. forces.

Speaker 4 Venezuela bans six major airlines as tensions escalate with the U.S.

Speaker 4 Also in this podcast, one of the world's biggest beer companies is hit by a cyber attack, and why taking photos of planes has two Chinese teenagers facing prison time in South Korea.

Speaker 4 Let's begin in Turkey, where Pope Leo XIV has received a grand welcome on his first foreign trip as the leader of the Roman Catholic Church.

Speaker 4 The Pope was greeted with a brass band and gun salute as he met President Regip Tayyub Erdogan in the capital, Ankara. Turkey is a Muslim-majority country.
Less than 1% of the population is Christian.

Speaker 4 But there is hope that the Pope's visit will help build bridges between religions.

Speaker 4 What's more, Turkey has positioned itself as a mediator in the war in Gaza and conflicts across the Middle East, a role Pope Leo referenced in his speech at the Presidential Complex.

Speaker 5 It is true that human history has centuries of conflict behind it, and that the world around us is still destabilized by ambitions and choices that trample on justice and peace.

Speaker 5 At the same time, when faced with challenges, being a people with such a great past is both a gift and a responsibility.

Speaker 5 Mr. President, may Turkey be a source of stability and rapprochement between peoples.

Speaker 4 Speaking through a translator, President Erdogan thanked the Pope for his commitment to peace.

Speaker 6 I would like to make it clear that we have always deeply appreciated the steadfast stance of our esteemed guest and of his predecessors, particularly on the Palestinian issue.

Speaker 6 As a large family of humanity, our greatest debt to the Palestinian people is justice.

Speaker 6 And the way to repay this debt is to implement, without delay, the two-state solution vision based on the 1967 borders.

Speaker 4 For more on the papal visit, I spoke with Hilkin Boren from the BBC's Turkish service in Istanbul.

Speaker 8 Right now, I'm in front of two historical landmarks. One is Aya Sofia, and the other one is the Blue Mosque, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque.

Speaker 8 And the Pope's visit could not come at a better time to emphasize the importance of these bridges. Right now, he's just seagulls and tourists eating the famous Turkish bagel known as Simit.

Speaker 8 But on Saturday, the Pope himself will be visiting this square and the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in a show of interfaith dialogue.

Speaker 8 And this visit was actually originally planned by the late Pope Francis on the invitation of the Turkish president. But Pope Leo announced that he would go ahead with it after being elected.

Speaker 8 So there are two aspects, two very crucial points of it. One is a message of peace for the region and the wider world by the Pope.

Speaker 8 And to that end, he will be talking with President Erdogan and other politicians and diplomats. The other aspect is a message of unity for the faith, for Christianity.

Speaker 8 And this is also really crucial because the Pope and other religious leaders will have been giving messages of unity as they're emphasizing the importance of a ceremony, a commemoration ceremony that is going to take place on Friday in Iznik, what was once known as Nicaea.

Speaker 4 Hilkin, you paint a very vivid picture of the scene. I mean, can you take us through some of the key points of the Pope over the next few days and what's expected?

Speaker 8 Yes, he will be in the capital for the most part, and then he will fly to Istanbul later on.

Speaker 8 and then tomorrow on Friday he will be visiting the historic city of Iznik, Nicaea, where over 1,700 years ago the first council of Nicaea convened.

Speaker 8 This was a turning point in Christian history where the clergy resolved theological disputes on the divinity of Jesus Christ and other important matters.

Speaker 8 He will also have the time to visit Armenian and Syriac Orthodox churches and meet the ecumenical patriarch Bartolomeo of Constantinople, who is the spiritual leader of Eastern Orthodox Christians.

Speaker 8 And another highlight of his trip will be leading a mass in Istanbul before he leaves for Beirut.

Speaker 4 I'd mentioned that less than 1% of the population identifies as being Christian. So how is this being seen by Turks?

Speaker 8 We've had the chance to talk to some shopkeepers here and also locals of Iznik on a previous visit we had there.

Speaker 8 And what we've been hearing from them is most of them did not even know that the Pope was coming. And the shopkeepers in Sultan Ahmed were especially worried because of the security measures.

Speaker 8 And some of them have said that this might mean they wouldn't be able to open their shops and stalls as the Pope was visiting.

Speaker 8 As for the natives, they being approaching this on a cultural and touristic manner, saying that they hope it generates income and helps elevate the image of their town as a touristic destination.

Speaker 8 But all in all, right now,

Speaker 8 this is not making headlines in Turkish media.

Speaker 8 Not all the people are aware of it, but more people will be here because most of the main arteries will be closed for the next four days and life will be disrupted in this huge city of more than 15 million people.

Speaker 4 And just briefly, Haukamin, this is coming at a politically sensitive time in Turkey as President Erdogan continues to target the opposition.

Speaker 8 Yes, President Erdogan's main rival, former Istanbul Meir Ekami Momoli, remains locked in jail since March. There are also court cases against the main opposition party and senior opposition figures.

Speaker 8 But the international response to these political moves and crises have been muted, to say the least.

Speaker 8 World leaders visiting President Erdogan have been very, very careful with their approach to this issue, especially given Ankara's role as a mediator or facilitator in multiple conflicts across the world.

Speaker 8 So it would not be unrealistic to expect a similar approach by the Pope, but certainly this trip presents a chance for him to display his skills as a head of state with the whole world watching.

Speaker 4 Hilkenboran in Istanbul. We have some more details now on a story we covered in our earlier edition, the shooting of two National Guard officers in Washington, D.C.
on Wednesday.

Speaker 4 The director of the CIA, John Ratcliffe, says the suspect is an Afghan who worked with U.S. forces in Afghanistan.
It's reported that he led a team of Afghan troops.

Speaker 4 The two National Guard officers have now been named. They're Sarah Beckstrom, who's 20, and Andrew Wolfe, who's 24.
They're both in critical condition.

Speaker 4 The Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Janine Pirro, told reporters it's believed the suspect lived on the West Coast and traveled to Washington, D.C. to carry out the attack.

Speaker 9 Two uniformed guardsmen were ambushed in a brazen and targeted attack. A lone gunman opened fire without provocation, ambush style, armed with a 357 Smith Wesson revolver.

Speaker 9 One guardsman is struck, goes down, and then

Speaker 9 the shooter leans over and strikes the guardsman again. Another guardsman is struck several times.

Speaker 9 Fellow guardsmen who were there responded immediately, engaging the suspect, neutralizing the threat, and subduing him at the scene.

Speaker 9 He was transported to a local hospital where he remains, as we speak, under heavy guard.

Speaker 9 Thanks to the swift and coordinated response of the National Guard and the Metropolitan Police Department, no additional victims were harmed, and the scene was secured within minutes.

Speaker 9 The suspect, he has been identified as Ramanullah Lekinwal, a 29-year-old Afghan who entered the United States under Biden's Operation Allies Welcome, a program following the disastrous withdrawal from Afghanistan.

Speaker 9 He resided in Bellingham, Washington with his wife and, we believe, five children. And we're working very closely with our federal partners,

Speaker 9 especially DHS and the FBI, to review his immigration history and the vetting process itself.

Speaker 9 What we know about him is that he drove his vehicle across country from the state of Washington with the intended target of coming to our nation's capital.

Speaker 4 D.C.'s Attorney General Janine Pirro.

Speaker 4 A key part of the Gaza ceasefire was the creation of the so-called yellow line, a demarcation point separating the parts of Gaza controlled by Hamas from the parts surrounding it, still occupied by Israeli forces.

Speaker 4 But dozens of Hamas fighters are still in tunnels behind Israel's yellow line. And yesterday, Hamas issued a press release accusing Israel of attacking those men.

Speaker 4 Our correspondent in Jerusalem, Yolan Nell, has the details.

Speaker 10 We knew about the presence of these Hamas fighters stranded in the tunnels behind Israeli lines really since early on in the ceasefire. Israel has talked about it.

Speaker 10 Also, the US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff, he spoke earlier this month about two hundred fighters who were trapped in Rafah in the south of the Gaza Strip.

Speaker 10 The numbers we hear vary between one hundred to two hundred.

Speaker 10 And the Americans have seemed to suggest that their surrender, that handing in their their weapons, could be a kind of pilot for Hamas to disarm and a test for for both sides in the ceasefire.

Speaker 10 But the message that's been coming out from Israel is that it's not willing to compromise on this, to give these Hamas operatives safe passage to the part of Gaza it's pulled out from.

Speaker 10 That's even though we saw, you know, just a week into the ceasefire that these fighters pose a real danger to its troops on the ground.

Speaker 10 That was when they killed two soldiers and Israel retaliated, and at the time it really looked like that could derail the ceasefire early on. Hamas said it lost contact with these cells months ago.

Speaker 10 There's been another message put out on social media by Hamas's armed wing saying that it never surrenders and this press

Speaker 10 says that Hamas has been making what it describes as great efforts with various political leaders and mediators to resolve the issue of the fighters, to let them return home.

Speaker 10 It says it's presented specific ideas and mechanisms, but Israel has undermined all these efforts.

Speaker 10 And at least twice in the past few days, we have heard of Israeli troops killing fighters, you know, five or six each time as they've emerged from tunnels.

Speaker 10 And so it looks like that could be how Israel plans to deal with the problem.

Speaker 4 Yolanel in Jerusalem.

Speaker 4 With tensions increasing between Venezuela and the United States in recent months, and President Trump warning of heightened military activity in the area, some international airlines suspended flights there.

Speaker 4 Now they're being punished for it. Six major carriers have been banned from landing in the country after missing Venezuela's 48-hour deadline to resume their schedules.

Speaker 4 Our website's America's editor, Vanessa Bushluter, told me more.

Speaker 11 I think your description there was spot on. It is a punishment.
But let me go back to Friday to get you up to speed to how this all unfolded. So, on Friday, the U.S.

Speaker 11 Federal Aviation Administration issued what is called a notice to air missions. It's like a warning of dangers or risks that may be happening in a certain area.

Speaker 11 And they warned of heightened military activity around Maiquetia, which is where the international airport is located, which serves Caracas, the capital of Venezuela.

Speaker 11 And in the days afterwards, a number of airlines decided to act on that because they have a responsibility to their passengers, for safety, and also to their insurers.

Speaker 11 And they thought that this risk of military activity was heightened and decided to suspend their flights in and out of Caracas for at least some days, in some cases a week.

Speaker 11 Now, Venezuela did not take this very kindly. They saw this as a political move.
They thought that these airlines were siding with the United States.

Speaker 11 As you know, the United States has been strident in its criticism of the Venezuelan government, saying that the president is a drug trafficker, which he denies. And so they saw these...

Speaker 11 airlines as taking sides and then decided to give them 48 hours to resume these flights.

Speaker 11 Of course, many people said that that was a bit like cutting off your nose to spite your face, because now that these airlines didn't resume the flights within 48 hours, Venezuela is left with a situation where six major airlines aren't flying into the country anymore.

Speaker 4 Now, you and I have both touched on this, but let's just delve in a little bit more.

Speaker 4 I mean, what is the backdrop to these tensions between the United States, Donald Trump, and Venezuela and their leader, Nicolas Maduro?

Speaker 11 Last year in July, there was a presidential election in Venezuela, and the opposition and many countries viewed that election as rigged.

Speaker 11 They say that the re-election of President Maduro was illegitimate. And that's what is at the base of this tension.

Speaker 11 And of course, when then Donald Trump was re-elected, he decided to turn the screws on Nicolas Maduro, who not only does he say is a illegitimate president, but he also accuses him of being the head of a drug trafficking cartel.

Speaker 11 Now there are doubts as to whether that is accurate because there's very little evidence to link the president himself to drug trafficking.

Speaker 11 But there's little doubt about the fact that people in the military in Venezuela have engaged in that drug trafficking.

Speaker 11 And so the US has stepped up its pressure on Venezuela and with the stated aim of combating drug trafficking.

Speaker 11 But many say that its military operations are so big they look more like an attempt at regime change.

Speaker 4 Vanessa Bush Luther.

Speaker 4 Still to come in this podcast.

Speaker 12 This case is emphasising the constitutional rights of young Australians to discuss politics. And this ban removes an entire age group from our modern way of communicating politically.

Speaker 4 The Australian teenagers fighting for under 16s to stay on social media.

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Speaker 4 Tunisia has freed the jailed lawyer and activist Sonia Damani after approximately 18 months in detention.

Speaker 4 She was imprisoned under Tunisia's controversial cybercrime law after she criticized the government's stance on undocumented migrants.

Speaker 4 For more on the story, I'm joined by our global affairs reporter, Sebastian Usher. Sebastian, what do we know about Sonia Damani and her case?

Speaker 17 Well, she is a lawyer and a human rights activist who has appeared a lot of times on Tunisian TV talking about various issues about migration, for example.

Speaker 17 That was what she got into trouble for last year.

Speaker 17 That's this particular case that saw her in prison for the past 18 months or so when she criticised the way that migrants from sub-Saharan Africa are treated.

Speaker 17 But she's talked about the conditions in prisons. Before, in a more general context, she's a very strong critic of the President Qay Syed, one of the best known, one of the most prominent.

Speaker 17 After being democratically elected back in 2019, a couple of years later, he essentially took over the country.

Speaker 17 It's been pretty much one-man rule since then, and she has been one of the people who has really stood out against this.

Speaker 4 Sebastian, thank you. Sebastian Usher.

Speaker 4 Two Chinese teenagers have been accused of crimes in South Korea that, if found guilty, could see them serving life sentences.

Speaker 4 They were arrested and then charged for allegedly taking photos outside a military airbase. We heard from our correspondent in Seoul, Jake Kwan.

Speaker 18 Back in March, the police apprehended these two high school students outside a military base in Suwon, about an hour and a half south from where I am in Seoul.

Speaker 18 And what they found is that they filmed these jet fighters taking off and landing at the military airbase, and in their possession were these telephoto lenses, which are these camera lenses that people use to take photo, very sharp images of something that is far away, as well as a walkie-talkie.

Speaker 18 And then later the police discovered hundreds of photos in their possession, which show that they have been traveling to multiple military air bases as well as civilian airports, filming jet fighters that has been taken up and down.

Speaker 18 So they have been charged with a crime called aiding the enemy. This is as close as you get to an espionage charge in South Korea.

Speaker 18 and it carries a penalty of minimum three years and up to a life in prison and this is not the first or the last time a Chinese national were caught filming outside a military base.

Speaker 4 So what's been the reaction to this case, both in South Korea but also in China?

Speaker 18 Well, we don't know whether there is some undercurrent kind of conversation happening behind the scene, but openly the reaction has been quite mum.

Speaker 18 South Koreans are of course alarmed by these series of events, but the Chinese ambassador has commented recently saying that, you know, there are tens of thousands of Chinese students as well as many, many more tourists in Korea, and there's bound to be very few extreme cases like that.

Speaker 18 So, that Korean people should not be alarmed by these very few cases and try to generalize the entire Chinese population.

Speaker 4 Though this all takes place amid rising anti-China sentiment inside South Korea.

Speaker 18 Yes, and that is exactly what the Chinese ambassador in Seoul was trying to aim at.

Speaker 18 He was really warning South Korean people against this, what he sees as a sharpening of anti-China sentiment in South Korea.

Speaker 18 And it doesn't matter where you stand on the politics in South Korea, the anti-China sentiment is quite broad here.

Speaker 18 I mean, it is a very strong and powerful country that is, you know, direct neighbor of South Korea with a very different political system. You know, there's bound to be some friction there.

Speaker 18 And now we're seeing these anti-China protests with very sharp language taking place every Saturday where these protesters, usually from the far right wing of the South Korean politics, yelling at people on the street, saying that let's deport the Chinese.

Speaker 18 They will even talk to people on the street, trying to see their ID to ask if they're South Korean or Chinese national.

Speaker 18 And what is most concerning is that this anti-China sentiment is being exploited to peddle these conspiracy theories about how Chinese are coming to display South Koreans and stealing elections, and they're bringing crime.

Speaker 18 And they really become the target to blame all the ills of South Korean society.

Speaker 4 Jae Kwan.

Speaker 4 Now, the Japanese brewing giant Asaki says its production won't be back on track until February next year.

Speaker 4 After a cyber attack in late September brought many of its exports to a halt, it led to shortages of the best-selling super-dry beer.

Speaker 4 Asaki Group CEO Atsushi Katsuki told reporters in Tokyo that the company had not directly received any demands or threats and had not made any payments to hackers, but that it estimated more than one and a half million customer details had been leaked.

Speaker 4 The company's also been forced to delay publishing its financial results. Our correspondent in Singapore, Nick Marsh, told me about the scale of the attack.

Speaker 1 According to Asahi, this was a big ransomware attack which took place at the end of September.

Speaker 1 So a ransomware attack is basically when hackers break into an organization's systems and they demand a ransom, so money, basically.

Speaker 1 We don't have that many details in terms of where the payments were made or anything like that, who the exact victims were. We also don't really know who was behind it.
That's not being confirmed.

Speaker 1 There was a group called Chilin that claimed responsibility. They'd been behind previous attacks.
What we do know, though, is that this caused absolute havoc for Asahi.

Speaker 1 So they spent the best part of two months trying to contain the attack. They had to stop production at certain factories.
And

Speaker 1 there's actually shortages of Super Dry, which is the most famous lager that Asahi produces. Probably the most famous beer to come out of Japan, I think you could argue.

Speaker 1 Production did resume fairly quickly, but Celia, for weeks afterwards, staff were using pen and paper and fax machines just to process the orders.

Speaker 1 So it's been really disruptive for one of Japan's real giant companies.

Speaker 4 Wow, so they really went back in time, I guess.

Speaker 4 And Asahi has also said that the hackers might have millions of its customers' details.

Speaker 1 Yes, one and a half million people affected. The majority of them were people who had contacted Asahi's customer service centers.

Speaker 1 But there's also the details potentially leaked of employees, not just current ones, former ones, and the families of those employees as well.

Speaker 1 So Asahi says it's been in touch with all of these affected people, but that is an awful lot of people to be affected from one cyber attack.

Speaker 4 Nick, you mentioned that Asahi is a a big brand. Can you tell us a little bit more about the reaction to this cyber attack in Japan and beyond?

Speaker 1 Well, apart from the obvious fears around potential beer shortages, you're absolutely right.

Speaker 1 This is a really big company. Asahi supplies 40% of all of Japan's beer domestically.
But not just that. I mean, if you've been to Japan, you'll see it everywhere, right?

Speaker 1 They do soft drinks, they do food, you name it. Over in Europe, they even own beer brands like Peroni.
And on the financial side of things, there's been disruption there too.

Speaker 1 So at the end of the year, Sahi is supposed to produce its financial results. The chief executive of the company has already come out and said, Look, we're not going to be able to hit that deadline.

Speaker 1 You've got about 45, 50 days after the financial year ends to publish those results. They're not going to be able to do it on time precisely because of this disruption.

Speaker 1 And he says that a short-term impact is unavoidable, and you can understand why.

Speaker 4 Nick Marsh.

Speaker 4 Now, to finish, the story of two Australian teenagers, 15-year-olds Macy Nayland and Noah Jones, who've launched a legal action challenging their government's decision to ban some social media sites for under-16s.

Speaker 4 The ban, on platforms such as TikTok and YouTube, is due to come into effect next month. Its rollout is being closely watched across the world.

Speaker 4 The Australian government says it's trying to protect youngsters from harmful material, but the teenagers, backed by a campaign group, say it's an infringement on their rights.

Speaker 4 They spoke to my colleague Tim Franks. Macy began by explaining why she decided to take action.

Speaker 12 I'm against this ban because I do strongly believe that there are problems with social media, gaming and screen time in general. However, there is also so much good, you know, education,

Speaker 12 socializing, and rather than a blanket ban, I think it's beneficial if we set implications as this case that we are fighting for is emphasizing the constitutional rights of young Australians to discuss politics and this ban however completely removes an entire age group from engaging in our modern way of communicating politically.

Speaker 19 Noah do you feel similarly?

Speaker 20 Yes I do. I feel that it's just isolating us from the world and the community around us.

Speaker 20 It's basically making us invisible and we won't be able to share our opinions or views and we won't be able to hear opinions or views.

Speaker 19 And Noah, just give me a sense of how you use social media at the moment to do that.

Speaker 20 I use Snapchat for, I'd say, more communication with my friends, but I use Instagram for

Speaker 20 politic updates and news. And I find it quite helpful to make like decisions and it's making me think about who I'll be voting for in the future or what I think about, say, the social media ban.

Speaker 20 It just helps me build my views on things.

Speaker 19 Macy, I'm sure you're aware that, along with the good side of social media that you've talked about, and you've mentioned in particular political engagement, I mean, there is a downside to social media.

Speaker 19 There are real harms associated with it, and harms that can be particularly pernicious with young people. What's your response to that argument?

Speaker 12 I completely agree there should be restrictions on social media. For example, time limits, age-appropriate content, and emphasis on these apps to remove all harmful content.

Speaker 19 Do you have any...

Speaker 19 any faith in the social media companies that they might actually do that if they're if they're told to do that?

Speaker 12 Yes, 100%.

Speaker 20 and noah would what about you i mean do you think that there should be any age limit on social media i don't and i also think that you said that there's bad sides to social media which i definitely agree with but if you think about it kids are going to find ways around it and they're going to find a different platform that's probably more unsafe and then when kids are secretive about things that's when it becomes even more risky if they can't tell police or parents about something they're doing because they weren't supposed to be on the platforms in the first place.

Speaker 20 You know, teenagers, they're going to get around it. They're going to try not do what they're told, but that's just going to put them in a more risky position later on.

Speaker 4 15-year-olds Macy Nayland and Noah Jones on Australia's incoming social media ban for under-16s.

Speaker 4 And that's all from us for now. But there will be a new edition of the Global News Podcast later.
If you want to comment on this podcast or the topics covered in it, you can send us an email.

Speaker 4 The address is globalpodcast at bbc.co.uk.

Speaker 4 You can also find us on X at BBC World Service. Use the hashtag GlobalNewsPod.
This edition was produced by Peter Goffin. It was mixed by Nick Randell.
The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Celia Hatton.

Speaker 4 Until next time, goodbye.

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