Inflategate: Unmasking the Scorekeeper Who Faked NBA History

Welcome to Pablo Torre Finds Out.

I am Pablo Torre, and today we're going to find out what this sound is.

These are the emotions I was going through was, wait a minute,

it's all a lie.

Right after this ad.

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Cortez, I want to talk to you about the biggest story in the NBA right now.

The Miami Heat and what Jimmy Butler did to the New Orleans Pelicans this weekend.

Do not try and choke Jimmy Butler.

It's not going to go well for you.

That is not what today's episode is about.

That looked far less intimidating than I thought for you.

Yeah, you have a band-aid on your pointer finger, just like limply gesturing at me.

Yes.

The story that is the biggest one in basketball right now is a continuation from the story that was the biggest one in basketball last season, which is that all of this shit, all of the scoring, all of these points are, it all feels like an all-star game we need to fix.

Every game feels like an all-star game.

It's like a layup line.

Everyone is just getting to the basket.

No one is playing defense anymore.

Well, except Miami Heat.

In the all-star game, 200 points were scored by one team.

And this feels illustrative of just the way it is that NBA stars right now are just doing whatever they want.

And it's actually historical, right?

So, like, since the 1960s, last season was the high watermark.

And this season has already shattered that pace.

I do want to point out, though, in the month of February, the Miami Heat have the number one defensive rating.

So, while this is a problem, it's true what you're saying.

It's not a problem if you're playing the Miami Heat.

You're telling me that all of these guys who are routinely dropping 50, 60, 70, not one of them against the Miami Heat.

Okay.

I'm not

So far, that is accurate.

Of course it's accurate.

Have I ever told a falsehood on this show?

I cannot begin to summarize all of the falsehoods you've told on this show.

But what is true here is that Luka Donczich scores 73 points against the Hawks.

Lucas splits a double.

Keeps it true to the live all the way to the hoop.

Scoop to the hoop with a ball.

Points 71 and 72.

It's so regular now, so expected that I forget when it even happened.

That was last month.

It feels to me a lot like the no-hitter in baseball that we we just don't care anymore because it's so prolific.

Enbiet had 70.

Enbi

coast to coast for 70.

And he also, by the way, Enbiet also had 51 the month before that.

Giannis had 64.

Yannis is a destiny.

Oh,

history!

64 points for Giannis.

It's just, it's endless.

Right now, as we're talking, someone out there is probably scoring 55.

Well, there's two camps to it, right?

It's like, is the offense so great that this is what's happening?

or is it that no one's playing defense, right?

Right.

It could be either one or a combo.

Look, I grew up in the 90s loving basketball back then.

The modern game makes me feel like a Fox News talking head complaining about like rising prices in our grocery stores and gas and inflation.

It feels like I am shaking my fist at how all these numbers are way too big and how all of this spending, all of these, all of these scores are out of control.

You're right.

This is the oldest I've felt as a sports fan.

This is the most like old man I've ever felt with a take because there was a period where I was really excited about like the Pacers.

They were putting up all these points and I was like, man, that's pretty cool.

And now, like, I really hate it.

I don't like the idea that

it's cheapened.

Well, yeah, it feels like every game is like an all-star game.

Like, people are just getting to the basket with layups.

Like, in all seriousness, part of what makes the heat special is that defense, is that like choke?

choking of the team when the moments get big late in the fourth quarter and you can't score.

I am not, I just want everybody to know that, of course, Cortez is wearing his heat culture hat.

He's in his home whites at the moment.

But I want to bring back a story that I've been thinking about from last season because last season was also, you know, super inflated, allegedly.

And the explanation in the case of one very notable conspiracy was that this was actually an inside job to continue to sound more like a cable news political talking edge.

It was the Darren Jackson Jr.

story.

The blocks, yeah.

I always appreciate a good conspiracy.

And when it crosses over to the NBA, it's even better.

So, when I was alerted to this Reddit thread alleging some quote-unquote fraudulent numbers for Defensive Player of the Year Jaron Jackson Jr., I decided to take the case.

Admassive6666 very accurately pointed out that Jackson's home and away splits are very curious, as he seems to average twice as many blocks and steals at home than on the road.

You have the numbers?

Yes.

So, okay, at home, and this is from

a Reddit user whose username was AdMassive666.

He reported that at home in Memphis, Jaron Jackson Jr.

has 66 blocks in 16 home games versus 35 in 16 road games.

This was an 89% increase in Memphis at the point at which he posted this.

And the theory was like the scorekeeper is cooking the books and like favoring him in this manner, right?

Yes.

The home Grizzly scorekeeper was inflating Jaron Jackson Jr.'s defensive stats.

He was a defensive player of the year last season.

Seems reasonable.

The NBA internet couldn't stop talking about this.

It went everywhere.

And finally,

this actually got placed under the microscope of the stat nerds.

And so everybody, Kevin O'Connor, Kirk Goldsbury, all of these guys, all of these dorks who I know, they actually watched every single block and they're like,

okay, so actually

this shit isn't real.

Right.

They debunked it.

There was no scorekeeper inflation.

I think they were off maybe by two or three blocks.

Like it was really negligent, the difference that they found.

I mean, it was true what the scorekeeper saw.

Yeah.

And so Darren Jackson Jr.

like addressed this himself, got asked about it locally on Memphis radio.

And I bring all this up now in this era of unprecedented statistical inflation this season because I recently got a call.

Cortez, and you know how much I love getting calls.

You're an old man in that sense.

I do appreciate how much you love a phone call.

Hate it when it's Lebitard.

Love it when it's someone with a tip.

And the tip I got from somebody that we both know and respect was that as much as that Grizzly scorekeeper scammer scandal from last season was fake, was debunked, was a fabrication,

there was an actual bona fide scorekeeper scammer scandal involving the Grizzlies

from another time.

that actually

is incredibly important for us to understand in the present tense.

So they were scamming.

They just weren't doing it like recently.

They were doing it in another era.

So at the risk of sounding like everything I hate, a conspiracist who is, you know, getting hopped up on internet rumors, this one is an internet conspiracy that turned out to be incredibly real.

And we got to get to the guy who broke the story after the break.

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Tom Haverstoe, it is a pleasure to have you in the flesh at this desk with revelations to present to me.

Happy to be here, Papa.

You being a protagonist of this story matters because this story begins really in

my life at the Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, which we just call Sloan.

Yeah.

As if people know what that is typically.

It's very embarrassing when you're at like a cocktail party or you're at an event and you're just like, yeah, I'm going to Sloan next weekend.

Or I just got back from Sloan and people are like, what are you talking about?

Right.

In our defense, Sloan became a thing that got mentioned in season nine of The Office.

Hey, so Wade wants to send people to the Sloan conference.

We got to compile a list of our target clients already on it.

But in reality, what this is, is a giant nerd fest.

Yeah.

Where the celebrities there in the VIP room, which is very well guarded, by the way, those celebrities include people like you.

Because

we'll get to the big names and sports, but like you made your career on numbers, right?

Like forgive me for simplifying your life, but I have always considered you like basketball analytics expert Tom Haberstrow.

I grew up loving basketball, playing basketball, baseball, football, and just loving the math side of the game.

And then kind of broke into ESPN being a stats researcher.

The biggest break I could ever imagine is at 25 years old, I'm going down to Miami to cover LeBron James, Dwayne Wade, and Chris Bosch in 2010 at a time when analytics wasn't a word.

So you were like putting these historical performances into statistical context as a matter of the beat that you were on.

Right.

Like when Skip Bayless is saying, oh, LeBron doesn't have a clutch gene.

I actually go into the data and I say, like, actually, here's what the data says.

He's much more efficient than Dwayne Wade and Kobe Bryant and Ray Allen.

And I was covering the team, the biggest team in sports, with an analytical lens, using statistics to tell stories.

Right.

And so when we go to Sloan,

which is a thing that started at an MIT lecture hall, by the way, right?

That has since bloomed, mutated into something that takes over like the largest convention centers in Boston, as it will this Friday, actually.

What we're doing is going to a place where you, Tom Haberstro,

are something of a celebrity.

And both of us have, you know, moderated panels at Sloan, which is what a brag.

This is the panel I'm moderating because, as Charles Barkley put it, I couldn't get girls in high school.

So thank you.

Welcome to Basketball 100 panel.

We're supposed to look into the future and tell everybody what it's going to look like in 25 years.

So good luck with that.

At a certain point, to be a kid in America who loves sports went from, I want to be an athlete to I want to be a general manager.

And this is like the power center where that stuff actually seems possible because you see

the people who count as like heroes and idols to

sports nerds.

Yeah, well there's daryl maury as the head of dorcapalooza which i think bill simmons coined is that he is

dork elvis of dorcapalooza which is the sloan conference i'm not so sure how daryl feels about that nickname it fits but he is the the face of it the guy who claimed famously that empirically speaking james harden is a better scorer than michael jordan if you looked at data at the time Once he had the ball in his hands, and it's still true to this day, and I get a lot of sh ⁇ because,

you know, someone asked me who's a better scorer, him or Michael Jordan.

And it's just factual that James Harden is a better scorer than Michael Jordan.

Based on the match.

Based on literally, like you give him, you give James Harden the ball, and before you're giving up the ball, how many points do you generate?

Which is how you should measure offense.

James Harden is by far number one.

So obviously, he's now running the Sixers.

Yeah, running the Sixers.

And then there's Alex Rucker, who is a stats nerd who rose in the front office of the Toronto Raptors, who figured out like sport view data and camera tracking and how to arrange the defensive players optimally and rose to become the executive VP of basketball operations for an NBA team.

Now I used to kind of oversee analytics and the research and development, the data scientists, the computer geeks, if you will.

And so now I oversee all the departments within basketball operations.

And then, of course, like there's...

I mean, Mr.

Moneyball himself.

My God.

Yeah.

And he's at Sloan.

Yes.

Billy Bean himself shows up.

The The game is really smart.

In fact, I would say that baseball has become one of the most intelligent industries in the world, in my opinion.

And you see it now with the use of analytics.

The people running baseball teams are much different than when I started.

I think it's a compliment to the intelligence of the game.

And so this conference now, as it's gotten more and more expensive and more exclusive and hard to get into, it's very clearly part business school, part Silicon Valley, big tech.

And also, if we're being just very honest about ourselves and each other, it's also part um you know internet forum come to life yes internet forum come to life reason why we're sitting here today pablo is because of an internet forum back in 2009 it all starts here in the apbr metrics forum which i did not know about until you called me up like deeply excited to explain what this is this is a meeting of the minds it is the nba reddits before nba reddit existed so i used to be in this forum all the time every day i would check in to kind of like see what what's going to be happening in the future.

Like it was a glimpse into this is where the industry is going.

Yes.

This is how to optimize the game.

What's the most efficient way to score a basketball?

Here's a study.

Before Sloan, you guys were doing this on this message board.

And then one night, Tuesday, July 14th, 2009, someone posted the headline.

Scorekeeper story with a bomb.

The revelation in this, that a poster had heard from a friend tell him a story about his experience as a stat keeper in the NBA.

He's a stat keeper from 1997, the Vancouver Grizzlies, okay?

This is peak Jordan era.

I'm 11 years old.

I'm reading this forum and this score keeper is saying he was cooking the books for the Vancouver Grizzlies.

I remember vividly, Pablo, sitting at my island kitchen table watching Sports Center and Nick the Quick, Nick Van Exel.

Yes.

I mean, the Laker game where he has like a zillion assists.

23 assists.

And this guy, this is what he said.

Because I'm a Laker fan, I gave Nick Van Exel like 23 assists one game.

If he was vaguely close to a guy making a shot, I found a way to give him an assist.

So immediately, I want to just start fact-checking this, right?

So when you look at this game, when you go back into the archive, Tom, and you go and see this game now with fresh eyes, what does it actually look like?

If you watch the film, the very first assist that Nick Van Exel has, it's not even on the screen.

So the Vancouver Grizzlies just make a shot.

Sharif Abdurrahim, the star young player, makes a shot.

Elden Campbell takes the ball out.

and passes it to Nick Van Exel, ostensibly, but we don't actually see it on film because we cut away to Sharif Abdurrahim.

And then suddenly on the left side of the court, Eddie Jones is dribbling up and takes five dribbles on the left side and then pulls up for a pump fake three-pointer way after the fact of maybe there was a Nick Van Exel Phantom pass.

We don't see it.

It's not on the tape.

When you look at the box score, I couldn't believe it, but the time stamp of that play is reflected in the box score and it says Van Exel assists.

That feels like an assist by neither the letter or the spirit of the law.

Yeah.

Yeah.

And so there were 23 of these.

Now, to be fair, there were legit assists here in this game.

The idea isn't that he didn't have a good game, Nick Van Axel.

It's that it wasn't a 15-assist game.

It was a 23-assist game.

And the key is you're more interested in 23 assists.

That's the only reason I remember it.

So I remember this moment, and now I'm learning it's all a lie.

So I should say, maybe this is obvious, this is an enormous problem for the integrity of like the NBA itself.

And so where does the story go from here?

It doesn't get contained in that internet forum.

Tommy Kraggs at Deadspin picks it up.

This is Deadspin.

We're talking here at the peak of its powers.

Kraggs gets on the phone and talks to the stack keeper.

But all I can think about is who is this guy?

And in the story, all we know is his name is Alex and he works in the Navy.

And we also know that he worked for the Vancouver Grizzlies in the late 90s.

Yeah, what I'm laughing at already is just the idea that this is your message board, Tom.

You're a poster on this, on this nerd forum, and here's a guy who is basically taunting you.

Guy who worships numbers saying, by the way,

turns out you can't actually trust the thing that you wanted to make your career around.

Yeah.

And so, like, part of me is just like, I need to know if this person's real.

There's a mystery figure here.

Yes.

And for 13 years, this story was dead until the Jaron Jackson Jr.

story happens.

Right.

So, okay.

So this, this Jaron Jackson alleged conspiracy on Reddit, another internet forum story, ends up being debunked, but it rekindles in your brain the actual conspiracy that you believe to be a lot deeper than people may on the surface realize.

Right.

And so it dawns on me.

Like, I need to go to the internet to find my answer.

of who Alex is, but I'm going about it the wrong way.

I'm going about it on Google.

I should have been going to eBay.

So when you called me saying that you went to eBay and you found something, I was personally a little worried for just your sanity.

Yeah, yeah, but you know what is on eBay?

A lot of old documents.

One of which is what's called a media guide.

For the kids who don't appreciate the institution of the media guide, back in our day, they used to print directories and send them out to media members.

Yeah, like, hey,

what are the statistics from last year?

There's no basketball reference.

You need to open up the media guide.

Physical book.

A book to look at.

Oh, this person was the 13th pick in the 1992 draft.

Yeah, here's the phone number for the assistant PR person.

That is where I needed to go.

I needed to find Pablo the 1996-97 Vancouver Grizzlies media guide.

How in demand was this

lost artifact?

What if literally no one but you, Tom Haberstro,

even gives the beginning of a shit about this?

There is one person who is not only giving a shit, but willing to sell that shit

to anybody who wanted it for $5.

Tom, you've been dangling this reveal in front of me for so long.

This right here.

It's like a basic

clip art cover.

Very glossy.

Look at this bear paw right here.

A bear paw over an IBM mouse.

This is so 1997.

Look at this.

Yes.

Brian, big country Reeves in the middle.

holding a basketball with two giant paws, as it were.

We got Sharif Abdurrahim, number three.

Very excited, Sharif, by the way.

And a literal map of the NBA, in case you didn't know where the Indiana Pacers were located.

So So, I want you to do something.

Yes.

Okay.

I want you to open up to page 10.

This is real.

I've never held this before in my life.

How does it feel?

Oh, it's weighty.

I want you to open up to page 177.

What does it say?

Vancouver Grizzlies, Cordside Crew, Italics, T-lettering, Sans Serif font.

Yeah.

Okay.

Lower on down.

Yeah.

There is a title there: game caller/slash technical.

The name next to that is Alex.

Yes.

Alex Rucker.

I'm telling you, Pablo, this felt like in usual suspects when the reveal happens, the Kaiser Sosi moment, when he dropped the mug on the floor.

The media guide falls to the floor in my mind's eye at your home and immediately, yeah, this voice plays.

I used to kind of oversee analytics and the research and development, the data scientists, the computer geeks, if you will.

And so now I oversee all the departments within basketball operations.

In some ways, this was like an inside job on a number of levels.

Like he's an analytics guy.

He should know full well about the sanctity of stats.

So what do you do with this information now that you know who Alex from the Navy actually is?

I call him.

I want to make sure that people out there who don't know Alex Rucker intuitively, Tom, understand why this name means something.

Who is Alex Rucker?

So Alex Rucker is one of the most well-known figures in the NBA analytics movement.

He was a pioneer of the sport view data.

SportView is the camera tracking data where we can now see where everyone is on the floor, how fast they're going.

The revolution was around the accuracy of what was being recorded.

If you want the most efficient way to put two points in that basket, start learning how to do these predictive models with camera tracking data.

And Alex Rucker was at the forefront.

And that's say he was the only one, but this is more one of the more well-known characters in this space.

Yes, and he used that to then, and I remember this intimately,

to then follow his former boss, Brian Colangelo, he of the very normal collars, find a new slant, to the Philadelphia 76ers, replacing Sam Hinke, of course, of the process fame and my own personal neuroses.

Alex Rucker was the VP of Analytics and Strategy, the executive VP of basketball operations.

In 2020, he's running the 76ers alongside Elton Brand, the GM of the team.

This is a guy who is that well-known, that respected.

There were headlines.

The Philadelphia Inquirer had the headline, Sixers' team of NBA stats gurus is taking analytics to the next level.

Yeah.

And a big picture of Alex.

Then Darrell Morris comes in and he takes over for basketball operations for the Philadelphia 76ers.

It's always incestuous.

The slowness of everything.

Here comes Dork Elvis.

Yeah.

Yeah, Bigfooting, the previous guy.

But that's, by the way, that's where I left Alex Rucker in my brain.

I didn't think about him until this story.

And until I picked up that media guide, I hadn't really thought about Alex Rucker, but I had to confirm.

I had to go straight to the source.

I don't know how long we'll go, but you let me know if there's a heart out that you need to be gone for.

No, man.

And then we'll roll.

Happy to shot.

All right.

Three, two, one.

So when you make this Zoom call, it turns out, which I imagine is fairly uncomfortable for

Alex Rucker, what does he say when you confront him with the evidence that actually he might be the scammer who selectively edited NBA history?

Well, he owned up to it.

First off, pretty quickly, he owned, that was me.

But here's why that happened.

He was 20, Pablo, 20 years old, running the stats for a professional NBA team.

I was immature.

I handled things in a way that I certainly wouldn't today.

But no, that's just a part of my life journey, right?

Like, you know, I,

it's funny as you kind of reach adulthood to the extent that I've reached it.

It's like every time I'll sit here and think back to how I was two or three years ago.

Um, and I always look back like, man, like, why did I do that?

Why did I think that?

Uh, and hopefully, I continue on an arc of becoming, you know, a continually better person and refining who I am and, you know, having an impact on others in a positive and loving way.

With all due respect, you put a 19, 20 year old in charge of anything and you're playing with fire.

So

the very basic fact that a 19, 20 year old was in charge of

these sacred numbers that we came to revere as just historical fact is already like jarring to me.

How does somebody that young get the idea to even like do this, to get away with this?

He gets the idea to do this almost immediately upon arrival in Vancouver.

When I first got the role, I'm bringing the computers home.

I'm practicing by myself.

I'm trying to develop these skills so that I can do the the best I can once get, you know, the first jump ball happens.

My job is to create the most accurate historical record of what occurred in a game.

And I learned very quickly that that was not the prevailing viewpoint.

And I went to the training in Detroit.

Part of this training is they would show us video clips.

You know, they'd show a Stockton to Malone clip and

there's a discussion and

that wasn't an assist.

It was a pass.

And then, you know, Malone dribbled a couple of times, pump, fake, pump, fake, and then, you know, made a tough shot.

And that's great.

But like, that's to me, not, I didn't, there's no real connection there's no causal connection between the past and the basket and the majority opinion by miles was oh no that's definitely an assist it's like what like oh that's john stockton like yeah i understand

but

so

uh

i left there

clearly understanding that you know yes we are supposed to create the most accurate representation we can but the NBA is also an entertainment business and it's up to us in very small part as statisticians, to support or reinforce stars and excitement and fun.

And that message was definitely reinforced internally

within the Grizzlies.

So what he says to you there, Tom, is to me, like, pretty

important, right?

This message was definitely reinforced internally within the Grizzlies.

So the team itself was actually in favor of this happening.

It wasn't just Alex Rucker, lone actor here.

This was something endemic.

This was something understood that you grease the wheels or you pump up the stats for your guys.

When he says, yeah, John Stockton, the assertion right there is like, we need John Stockton to be a star.

So we're making that in a second.

But the key here is.

This is the Vancouver Grizzlies, right?

They're the new expansion team.

They're in Canada.

People don't know.

There's a team in Vancouver.

So, how does a stat keeper market the team or have a role in marketing the team?

Well, it's that.

It's what if Sharif Abdurrahim has 10 boards instead of nine boards?

Because 10 will get you on Sports Center.

So how do you do that?

You cook the books.

So the Nick Van Exel thing, with that Phantom Assist that wasn't even on screen,

how did the Grizzlies feel about that?

Because that's the opposing player.

He was actually congratulated after the game.

Think about that.

By his employers.

By his employers saying, hey, good job out there.

We're definitely going to to be on sports center now that's incredible like that's how you market the team tom haberstro in a in a kitchen in connecticut is now gonna see that teal vancouver grizzlies

bear the claws there's brian reeves that's where he ended up in the nba on the vancouver grizzlies so that's part of how they marketed the team was through the stat keeper so When you adult grown-up Tommy, look at the numbers, right?

And you see

Sharif Abdurrahim's stats, how obvious is it that this was actually materially happening?

This was pretty heartbreaking because when you look at what Alex is alleging and then you look at the numbers on basketball reference and you search or you filter for his best block games, what I found out that was in Sharif Abdurrahim's first two seasons with the Grizzlies, he registered three plus blocks, at least three blocks in 13 games.

In all 13 games

he was playing at home

okay two plus blocks not exactly subtle so far yeah how about multiple blocks okay in those first two seasons he had 38 games in which he had two plus blocks

32 of them were at home so the invisible hand of alex from the navy alex rucker is is pretty obvious in retrospect.

Yeah, and he, in so many words with Deadspin, he admitted that like a lot of the blocks and steals and assists, like you could fudge a little bit.

And Bryant Reeves and Sharif Abdurrahim were part of that fudgery.

The fudgery as an incentive for specifically a team desperate for attention.

How obvious was this to you when you look at the record beyond Vancouver?

Yeah, so I looked at the data of just.

Which teams saw a large disparity between their home blocks and their away blocks.

Yes, exactly.

Okay, so I went from 1984 now to the present.

That's when blocks started getting charted in the NBA officially, in 1984.

We had a thousand teams in NBA history that we have their block, home, away block record.

The top four teams in disparity from home and away were the Toronto Raptors, the Toronto Raptors, and the Toronto Raptors.

In this time period, three of the top four, 200% inflation at home.

the toronto raptors in 97 98 99 2000 like this era the other expansion team

in canada the thing that's almost offensive about this though is how unsubtle the expansion teams were doing this like yeah The Canadian teams wanted people to know that they existed, which meant they needed to be on Sports Center, like a top 10 plays, highlight reel.

And so they were juicing the statistics that involved this element of human subjectivity.

That's right.

And the expansion teams, the Raptors and the Grizzlies, like we know about them, but also I've looked into the Pelicans too.

When New Orleans got their team and renamed it the Pelicans, they had huge block home away disparities too.

Of course.

And so I'm like, all right, well, then this is an expansion story.

This is just like these new teams need to market.

And how do you do that?

You kind of, you know, twist the knobs a little bit.

Yeah, an incredible fraud on its own.

But then I figured out that this was much more widespread than just the expansion teams.

This was everywhere.

And I had the data to back that up.

Before we get deeper into your numbers, which I

am legitimately concerned about,

what is Alex Rucker doing now?

Like when you call him up and you zoom with him, where is he?

It turns out he's out of the NBA completely.

He is the CEO of a boys and girls club in Texas.

Gainesville, Texas.

But I do feel obliged to mention that one thing Alex Rucker never fudged, it seems, was his own military resume.

Because after leaving the Grizzlies and messing with all the statistics, he did graduate from law school and he did become an actual United States Naval Aviator for more than like a decade.

The dude really was Alex from the Navy.

And so when he's watching the NBA game as this guy who is molding, I presume, in good faith,

the futures of the youth of Gainesville, Texas, what is he thinking about basketball?

I didn't know how he was going to interpret this scoring era because like we're talking about inflation and Luka Doncic scoring 73 and Bede 70, all these crazy, like there's I've never seen this before, Tom.

Just this egregious.

They're halftime scores that would be final scores 20 years ago.

No question.

And so here I wanted to ask Alex Rucker, who was one of the architects of this fudgery inflation in the late 90s.

And I wanted to ask him, like, what does he think?

about today's NBA?

Is it bad for the league that there's four 70-point performances in two years when it used to be one a decade?

No.

I mean, if it was happening every game, I might be concerned.

But it's like this is a natural byproduct of a higher pace and a much higher efficiency and just frankly, a better quality of offensive gameplay.

And if, you know, if I'm sitting down and we're sitting around, you know, living room just chatting about it, to me, this is the best basketball we have ever seen.

So what Alex Rucker is saying is that he is, A, a fan of the modern game and B, does not suspect that anyone like him is cooking the books to get the numbers to the historic highs they are now.

And initially, I was thinking like, oh, this guy is going to identify this as scamming too.

Like, it wasn't just me back in the day.

This is happening right now.

And he said the opposite.

And he's saying also that the era of

a stat scammer, a stat keeper scammer,

it seems to be done.

Like he's saying that don't even worry about someone like me doing something like what I did.

Every play from a game is immediately seen by all of these eyeballs across the world as if we're all fact-checking the game in real time now.

And so he thinks it's clean now.

There's so much more scrutiny, oversight, review of it now, where you should have a lot more faith and confidence in the data that's pumped out now than the data that was pumped out 10, 20, 30, 40 years ago.

You know, in the 90s, ironically, it's probably in the low 90s is my guess, right?

Like if you look at a stat sheet, among the non-points

stats,

probably 90%-ish accurate, maybe higher.

And now I would guess that it's north of 95.

I want to translate this estimation that Alex Rucker is doing for us, right?

Because he's saying, like, back in the day when he was stat keeping, it was like, you know, I don't know, a B plus, A minus at best, 90-ish% accurate.

But now it's an A plus.

It's north of 95.

He's not worried at all.

But in the historical basketball record, Tom, as the numbers guy,

what does that gap actually look like in your understanding?

So he described it as assists were being given out like candy, like in the 90s when he was around.

I think blocks were highly subjective.

And the data bears out that when we go back to 1984, when blocks were first introduced into the box score, there is a 25% gap between the home block rate and the away block rate.

Okay.

What does that mean?

That means for every three blocks, there's another fourth that's given to the home team.

But like an extra freebie block for every three you get is literally like the difference between an all-defensive team nomination, potentially.

That's a huge gap between the two.

But when you look at the numbers now, okay,

the number of blocks for the home team this year, 4,087.

Okay.

Okay.

The number of blocks for the away team is 4,026.

So that's a gap of 61 blocks.

It's basically equal.

Right.

You want to know what 84 was?

The gap between home and away blocks?

Please.

1,102.

Exponentially larger than the 61-block difference of today.

And when we look at the 97, 98 season, it's still over 1,000.

Man.

So what does that look like in a graph?

You can see in 1984 on the left there, there's a pretty big gap between the home team block rate, 5.8 per game or per 48 minutes, and the away team is 4.7.

But as we go through time, it starts to shrink.

That gap continues to fade away until you get to now, where it's just about gone.

So what is undeniable is that the difference between home and road in terms of blocks has basically converged into nothing when it comes to the difference between being away and getting your friendly neighborhood scorekeeper to cook your books for you.

And this kind of matters because when I think about my childhood, right?

I think about like,

take LeBron, okay?

LeBron versus MJ, right?

This is the most radioactive debate amongst maybe in sports, right?

Yes, we're reciting numbers like we are making arguments about, you know, my dad could beat up your dad.

Yes, yes.

And in the context of Michael Jordan and LeBron, this is really important.

A lot of times we say LeBron didn't win depot defensive player of the year.

Michael Jordan did in 1988.

Yes, this is an enormous plank in the Michael Jordan political campaign.

So I had this moment of like, I mean, I have Jordan posters in my room, right?

And I'm like, wait, the 88 depot can't can't be a lie.

Please don't.

When I pulled up basketball reference, this is what I saw in his stat line.

Home and away splits.

165 steals at home, 94 steals away.

84 blocks at home, 47 blocks, about half away.

That's pretty bad.

80%.

When it comes to like how obvious that gap is.

It's huge.

And like maybe that's random variation, right?

But we can't know for sure.

But what we have here is Alex Rucker saying in that era, it was endemic that stat keepers for their home team were juicing the stats.

I remember Alex Rucker saying the NBA is entertainment too.

And they were.

They were trying actively to create, to boost their stars, the John Stocktons of the world.

So why would Michael Jordan be exempt from the same training that literally the scorekeepers were given to make the sport more popular.

It's possible Michael Jordan was just really good at blocks at home.

Like, it's possible that he was 80% better at home at blocking shots.

Sure, having Benny the Bull around was somehow this inspirational

phenomenon for him defensively.

Yes, and hearing the music coming out onto the floor just made him.

Alan Parsons project made him that much of a better defender.

Springy, more springy, or anticipating the shots better.

And there's some theory that

this isn't stack keeper bias.

This is like the opponent is worse on the road and so therefore easier to block.

But why wouldn't that be true right now?

That's the thing

is your big picture analysis that shows that individually, maybe all of these things can make it very noisy and hard to isolate why this is happening.

But the big picture makes it pretty clear that This difference has vanished.

And it also brings in my other childhood hero, Vince Carter.

Like watching him at North Carolina completely enchanted me.

He was high flying, could shoot.

The way he moved, it was beautiful.

And what team did he join?

The Toronto Raptors.

He made basketball in Canada a thing.

At what time, what era was this?

The late 90s.

And so, of course, I look.

So, okay, what is on the Vince Carter?

Resume that now looks quite different in the light of day.

His rookie season, he averaged 1.5 blocks, blocks, which, by the way, for a guard, that's insane.

That's a lot.

That's a lot.

He wins rookie of the year, but then you look at the splits, 55 blocks at home, 22 on the road.

Not good.

Doesn't make me feel good.

Those thirsty Canadian scorekeepers.

Men, not Vitz Carter, too.

Man, half inflation.

Right, and the 60s were too.

Like 60s had 130 possessions a game in Wilt's era.

Like the Oscar Robertson era had...

Now you're coming for Wilt and Oscar.

What I'm coming for, Pablo, is everybody.

Everybody.

And I think going through this, it makes me appreciate that, like, maybe the 60s era, Wilt's 100 points and the Oscar Robertson, we can't even fact check that because there's no film.

It is worth noting, by the way, how hard it is to even get film of games from the late 1990s, let alone the 60s.

Like that that Van Exel clip from 97 that we showed you earlier in the episode, that came to us because of a young NBA fan in Latvia named Rainis Latsis.

And Rainis runs a site called LamarMadic.com.

And what he had told Tom is that he had gotten his Van Exel video from an underground internet marketplace where people trade digitized VHS tapes of old NBA games.

That is what it takes to fact-check statistics from the 1990s.

The deeper we go in NBA history, it feels like the more we don't know.

What else are you trying to ruin here, Tom?

What are you saying?

These are the emotions I was going through was, wait a minute,

it's all a lie.

And this is the part where it gets uncomfortable for us.

I mean,

we got to go there, right?

Like, we got to talk about what this all means.

Tom, we have made careers zagging away from the zig of the eye test, right?

Trust the numbers.

It's the thing in our civilization that stands as proof of objectivity.

Sports and specifically statistics,

it's not an artistic subjective review.

Because there's definitionally a scoreboard and these numbers, we have something that is the closest thing to truth.

We thought.

We thought.

This is one thing Alex Rucker mentioned to me, and it stuck with me in my head: is it's good to have a healthy appreciation,

a healthy respect, a healthy skepticism of data.

Right.

If the incentives are to make the game popular by giving people what they want, which is points, and we lose the ability to both interview the people who were, as Alex Rucker was, self-admittedly guilty.

of juicing the game themselves and also we lose the ability to even look at the tape

as you put it, it just feels like we are obligated to ask more questions about the things that we consider historical, quote-unquote, fact.

Right.

Statistical record.

It's now we have to revisit it.

Look,

is today's NBA objectively pure,

Pablo?

Like, is this, is this the purest form of basketball?

Because we now have the statistical controls on the scorekeepers to fact-check them in real time.

Is the human element removed from the game?

What do you think?

I think the human element is appearing in a different form.

The NBA knows, because they've done this with focus groups, they tell the viewers to dial up how much enjoyment you're getting out of watching a game.

People are dialing it up their enjoyment when there's high scoring, more scoring, right?

So is there manipulation in today's NBA game?

I don't think it's taken the form of a stack keeper on the sidelines.

I think the manipulation comes in kind of like behind the scenes, like from up top.

Right.

Like the league office deciding we want faster-paced games that are more open.

We're going to introduce freedom of movement rules so that Steph Curry can break free and get shots off.

So, Pablo, what I found out today is that there's two inflations we're talking about here.

Right.

There's the inflation of, hey, there's so many, so many points being scored now.

The games are 150 to 152.

And Luca Dodgers is 73.

That's a certain type of inflation.

And so there's that, like where the league is prioritizing certain parts of the game that they want to see.

But the title of the most inflated era in NBA history, which is what so many people are declaring the modern game to be,

who deserves that title now that we've done our investigation?

The era that we're most nostalgic about.

It's the Jordan era.

It's our childhoods, man.

The Allen Parsons Project, the Bulls,

just the dream team.

80s and the 90s.

Magic Larry.

That's the pure league, right?

Back when men were men and were earning every point,

every block, except for when a guy in a media guide tells you, actually, I was boosting, literally inflating the numbers because this whole thing has been show business in a way that was quite real.

What we have found out today is that the human element

has always been a part of the thing that we made our careers on, which is

you guys need to stop trusting your eyes and start trusting math.

Start trusting the data until the data is impure.

Yeah.

Tom Haberstro, thank you for ruining everything that we hold dear.

I'm sorry.

Oh, man.

I just need to take a bath after that.

And speaking of impure,

I just need to clean myself up.

This cardigan has never been sweatier.

For more, Tom Haverstrow, by the way, tomthefinder.com is his sub stack.

You'll find high-level data-driven insights and analyses.

But for now, this has been Pablo Torre Finds Out, a Metal Arc Meteor production.

And we'll talk to you next time.