The Cage

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This is Radio Lab.

I'm Lulu Miller.

I'm Loftif Nasser.

And I'm Rachel Kusick.

We're here with day two of our week of sharks, inspired by the 50th anniversary of the movie Jaws.

And today, we're going to jump in the water with them.

Well, I am.

You two get to just sit in your cozy little offices and hear about really ever.

Fair point.

Fair point.

But before we get into the water, I think we should actually start with the onslaught of shark movies that were inspired by Jaws.

All right.

So there are 180 or so monster shark films.

Wait, 180?

With our monster scholar from episode one.

No way.

There are at least 180 that are listed on the internet movie database.

Jeffrey Cohen.

I definitely know Sharknado.

What else is there?

You know Sharknado, but do you know Sharknado 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6?

Oh, my God.

Where in part 6, they return back in time to Sharknado 1.

Well, of course.

So, I mean, the deep blue sea.

But we are stuck in the middle of the ocean.

Open water.

How big is that thing?

The Meg, followed by a cheap remake called Jurassic Shark, which is not nearly as good.

The reef, Ghost Shark.

In that one, even if you kill the shark, you're not done because it's ghosts will come back and get you.

They've tasted human flesh.

Two-headed shark is exactly what's advertised.

No.

Double the trouble.

Followed, of course, by three-headed shark in 2015, five-headed shark in 2017, and then six-headed shark in 2018, at which point it looked like a starfish with all kinds of shark heads on it.

Oh my God.

There's almost every kind of shark movie, and what I love about the whole shark genre is that it looks to free the shark from the constraints of being underwater so that sharks can be everywhere.

There's sky sharks, sharks, but they can fly, avalanche sharks, they swim through the snow like other sharks move through water.

Bait?

This is about sharks in a supermarket.

Where are they in a supermarket?

Well, the supermarket does flood.

There's just movie after movie like this.

So Jaw has like kicked off this world, like this universe of shark monsters, taken them out of their world and like dragged them into ours.

And I kind of just wanted to go do what Rodney told us to do yesterday, like go and see it for myself.

I mean, I know this worked for your guy, that seeing it made him less afraid.

But like, I mean, I think you're going to to go down there and see, like, oh, this thing is bigger than me.

It is capable of completely tearing me to shreds.

Like,

there is a possibility that you're going to get down there and

just be more afraid of it.

Yeah.

But

I think I actually want to know.

So, all right.

How'd you like to be a crown?

Please mind your head over there.

I hopped on a plane to this town in South Australia called Port Lincoln, informally known as Tunatown.

It's this little fishing town, and that's where Rodney's cage-diving boat leaves from.

Okay.

We got the shark on the side and everything.

Got to the dock.

We drop our bags.

We do some paperwork.

Basically like sign away our lives.

And then we

set sail.

Where we will spend the next four days

looking for great white sharks.

Is there a lesser white shark?

Well, so this is extra.

It's a good question.

No, there's not.

It used to be like the white shark all along and then once they started becoming scarier and scarier around the era of jaws we started calling them great whites to add fear to them.

What?

They just added it's not like actually the scientific name.

Yeah no so all the scientists now you'll hear them just say white shark because they're it's like rebranding the shark.

Huh.

Okay, so you're on the boat.

Yep.

And how many people are there?

I think there's like 15 passengers plus the crew.

Okay.

I come from France, Paris.

These people are from all over the world.

New York City, best place on Earth.

I'm from Japan.

And they're all so excited to see a white shark.

I want to see the great white shark.

Which was just like a fascinating little world for me to drop into.

I'm passionate with sharks.

Because, you know, like most people hope they never see one.

I want to meet the apex predators in their natural state.

There were these two brothers.

Two were so into sharks.

I think I do, yeah.

They were competitive about it.

I love them, but he adores them.

The older one said that when he was in kindergarten, he did a a presentation about sharks.

And I even wrote it wrong on the board with a CH, so the

sharks.

Because I didn't know English, but I knew a lot about sharks.

And he ended up getting in trouble because he had taken these books out of the local library.

And I was so amazed by the shark pictures in the book, so I cut out the pictures with the scissors.

And I was like looking at the pictures in my room and being so obsessed with them.

That's amazing.

You just picture like the exact silhouette.

like yeah exactly

so from port lincoln we sailed for hours like four five six hours to this remote group of islands called the neptune islands there's a wild rough sea bumping against the rocks i will describe it as rough yeah yeah very rugged like dark blue water dark gray rock it seems sort of barren but you feel that there's something around here it's a it's a feeling you know as soon as we anchored there we noticed this intense smell, which is actually coming from us.

I think that's called channel.

It's like minced up bits of fish guts and skin and heads and stuff.

The crew is throwing like buckets of fish parts off the back of the boat.

I have a hat with a ribbon on it that says Master Beta.

And I just see that white thing.

What was that?

All of a sudden, these colors start flashing across the water.

What?

White and grey and silver.

And they look like like little sharks if you don't see their mouths.

But

they're not sharks.

No shark, we're sharkless.

Which is kind of the point.

The bait is supposed to attract the smaller fish, which attract the sharks.

But

a day went by.

Are we seeing anything?

No, no kids, not yet.

And then another day.

I see literally nothing.

I see nothing.

Nope.

I see water.

And there was just nothing.

It's wild to me.

You're pouring like blood, meat, flesh, fish, corpses, all this stuff in.

And it's like days.

Days.

I would be like, oh, they'd be there.

They'd go do, do, do, do, do, doot, doot.

You know, and they'd be there within 34 seconds.

I know, I know, but that's not what happened.

So two days have passed out of four, and we haven't seen a single shark.

Wow.

And so there's just this cloud like looming over the boat.

And so we go to bed that night and we're like, we really hope that tomorrow, like, we'll see one.

No, I'm sorry, though.

I'm sorry.

I need, I need for the rest of us who aren't in this deranged epicenter of the world where you want to see sharks.

You're like, I love knowing that you poured gallons of blood into the water and didn't see the sharks.

Yeah.

This is the best day.

It's ever great news for you.

Yeah.

It's really, it kind of like you're in the sharkiest waters of all waters and they're not coming.

And so like the next day, bright and early, the first cage goes down because they send the cages down even if they don't see a shark on the top, just in case there's something down there.

Yeah.

So I'm up on the top of the boat next to the skipper because he's the one that controls the crane.

And then suddenly

he pauses.

I don't know if she just said five pulls there.

He feels five pulls on this string.

Oh, I thought it was five.

The string that runs down to a cage they've lowered 60 feet to the bottom.

And the people down there, they'll pull on the string to communicate with the surface.

Five pulls for a shark, so hopefully

it is one down there.

And eventually,

the skipper winches the the cage up.

Okay, guys, can you report back?

We did.

We saw a white shark.

And they had actually seen the shark.

They were so excited.

And then all of a sudden, it was my turn.

Like, the crew was like, get your stuff on.

It's go time.

Okay, and how does that feel?

I'm a little bit confused.

I'm a little bit like, I'm so happy that we finally have a shark around, like, it had been so long.

But then I'm also kind of nervous when the reality of it set in.

Like, oh, it's actually down there.

It kind of feels like what you're in a lion to just go on like a terrifying roller coaster.

And you've just seen all of these people with like shocked, smiley faces.

like tumbling off and then you get buckled in and there's like no turning back like it feels both exciting and terrifying

okay guys welcome to the cave

Is anyone in the cage with you?

Four people fit.

One of them is a dive master.

So you're with someone at all times.

And once the four of us settle into the corners of the cage, our dive master signals to the skipper.

We're ready to go down.

So we get dropped down like we're taking an elevator deep into the ocean.

And as we go, it gets darker and darker and darker.

And you can see less and less because you're getting further away from the sun.

And eventually we get down to around 60 feet, and the cage stops moving.

And all I can see is this barren sand of the ocean floor.

And above it is just this abyss of blue.

I was bracing.

It was just like so much fear building of what's going to come out of that blue.

And like, when is it going to come out?

And which direction is it going to come from?

All I can hear is the sound of my breath, which was very heavy.

And then I hear this scraping sound.

And it's the dive master scraping this little metal knife against the side of the cage.

And the sound is supposed to get the sharks interested to come closer, but it kind of feels like a dinner bell.

And then I feel a tap on my shoulder and I like look over to the left, like behind my shoulder, and it's this, the dive instructor.

And she just puts her hand in the shape of a fin on top of her head, kind of like to signal shark, and then points into the corner.

And as I turned, I remembered this thing Rodney had told me.

Don't just look at their heads, at their teeth, because everybody's frightened of their teeth.

Look at the rest of the body.

And then out of the darkness, it comes truly out of the darkness, swims this white shark.

It was a young one, so it was smaller, six and a half feet, gray top with this scraggly white line and belly halfway through it.

Little black tips on the front fin.

But the thing that's most striking about it is the way it moved.

No thrashing or darting like in the movies.

Just sort of floating.

You know, they fly like aeroplanes, or aeroplanes fly like great white sharks.

They have to dip a wing to turn.

And their moves seem to be incredibly deliberate and relaxed.

White shark researcher Greg Scomal.

They don't do anything that's going to waste their time.

The shark, it kind of felt like it was orbiting us.

Like it kind of fades in and out of your view and goes in and comes out and goes beneath you and then it kind of comes towards you.

It's just like, wow.

It's beautiful.

You're looking at a prehistoric beast, millions of years old.

Like it was carved by time to be exactly where it is.

Sharks, they're 465 million years old.

You know, they've been on Earth for such a long time.

This is John Long, strategic professor in paleontology at Flinders University in South Australia.

Now, that amount of time is hard to wrap your head around, but John helped me.

They're more than twice as old as dinosaurs.

They're way older than trees.

Flowering plants.

They were around before Everest was even a mountain.

All of the continents that we live on today, they looked nothing like they do.

They're even older than the rings of Saturn.

And I mean, over these eons, sharks had to survive all five of Earth's major mass extinctions.

Volcanic eruptions, a massive asteroid, ice ages, out-compete other major predators.

Gigantic pliosaurs with banana-sized teeth and walking whales.

And along the way, they just absolutely exploded in diversity.

So that today, sharks fill so many different niches.

According to Jade Elcock, a shark researcher at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, they are all over the place.

There's sharks in the tropics.

There's sharks in the Arctic.

I mean, a bull shark was found so far up the Mississippi River, it was in Illinois.

And there's all these different versions of sharks, carved in their own bizarre ways.

It almost makes the white shark seem boring.

If you love the white shark, no hate to you.

I also love the great white shark.

but sharks are incredible.

They are diverse.

I'll just go through a bunch of them.

Take it over the top.

I mean, some sharks only get to be about eight inches long.

Well, the largest whale shark was almost 62 feet long.

So just the sheer difference in the size range.

We have glow-in-the-dark sharks, like lantern sharks, that glow on their bellies.

There's a shark species that spews bioluminescent goo from pockets near its fins, likely for avoiding and confusing predators.

No way.

The rig shark can snap its teeth together to make kind of a clicking sound,

while the swell shark will swallow a bunch of seawater, blow up like a big sharky water balloon,

and that makes it more difficult for predators to eat it.

And of course, the Greenland shark can live literally hundreds of years.

I'm sure there are Greenland sharks in the ocean right now that were alive during the time of Alexander Hamilton and the time that the musical about his life was written.

Isn't that wild to think think about?

Yeah.

Hundreds of years.

And there's even a shark that might help us survive one of our greatest threats.

That's tomorrow.

Okay, we just got back and we saw our first sharks.

Yeah, we tried to kiss it, but it wasn't far away, actually.

Yeah, yeah.

But like, keep an eye out because...

This episode was reported by Rachel Cusick and produced by Rachel and Simon Adler.

It was edited by Pat Walters and fact-checked by Natalie Middleton with mixing help and sound design by Jeremy Bloom.

And one more thing.

We want to give a huge thanks to everyone who supports Radiolab, especially right now.

Everyone who's a part of the lab, our membership program.

Your support makes big projects like this possible and we are so grateful.

And if you aren't a member yet or are thinking about giving more,

this is the perfect time to take the plunge.

Because if you join or re-up now, you will receive a really cool gift.

A limited edition Week of Sharks hat designed by the awesome Maine-based artist and surfer Ty Williams.

It's so beautiful and fun and it gives you a chance to show the world you support public radio in the form of Radiolab and support sharks.

It's available to everyone who joins the lab this month, even for as little as seven bucks a month.

You can join at radiolab.org slash join.

Existing members, check your email for details, and thank you so much.

Day three of the week of sharks.

Coming up tomorrow.

See you there.

Hi, I'm Jamie, and I'm from Minneapolis.

Here are the staff credits.

Radio Lab was created by Jad Abumrat and is edited by Soren Wheeler.

Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser are our co-hosts.

Dylan Keith is our director of sound Design.

Our staff includes Simon Adler, Jeremy Bloom, Becca Bressler, W.

Harry Fortuna, David Gable, Rebecca Lacks, Maria Paz-Gutieris, Sindhu Nyanasambunda, Matt Kielti, Annie McEwen, Alex Neeson, Sara Kari, Sarah Sandback, Anissa Vitza, Arianne Wack, Pat Walters, Molly Webster, and Jessica Young with help from Rebecca Rand.

Our fact checkers are Diane Kelly, Emily Krieger, Anna Pujo-Manzani, and Natalie Middleton.

Hi, I'm Daniel from Madrid.

Leadership support from Radiolat Science Programming is provided by the Simons Foundation and the John Telpoto Foundation.

Foundational support from Radiolat was provided by the Alfred P.

Eslau Foundation.